Cíclids
Cichlidae ![]() | |
---|---|
![]() Pterophyllum scalare ![]() | |
Període | |
Eocè - recent[1] | |
Taxonomia | |
Super-regne | Holozoa |
Regne | Animalia |
Fílum | Chordata |
Classe | Actinopteri |
Ordre | Perciformes |
Família | Cichlidae ![]() Bonaparte, 1835 |
Subfamílies | |
| |
Distribució | |
![]() ![]() |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Andinoacara_rivulatus_%27Orangesaum%27_-_20080317.jpg/220px-Andinoacara_rivulatus_%27Orangesaum%27_-_20080317.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/ButterflyPeacockBass_01.jpg/220px-ButterflyPeacockBass_01.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Aequidens_pulcher.jpg/220px-Aequidens_pulcher.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Altolamprologus_calvus.png/220px-Altolamprologus_calvus.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Anomalochromis_thomasi_2.jpg/220px-Anomalochromis_thomasi_2.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Archocentrus_nigrofasciatus_female.jpg/220px-Archocentrus_nigrofasciatus_female.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Astronotus_ocellatus_-_side_%28aka%29.jpg/220px-Astronotus_ocellatus_-_side_%28aka%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Aulonocara_hansbaenschi_RB3.jpg/220px-Aulonocara_hansbaenschi_RB3.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Benthochromis_tricoti.jpg/220px-Benthochromis_tricoti.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Chalinochromis_popelini.jpg/220px-Chalinochromis_popelini.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cichlasoma_octofasciata.jpg/220px-Cichlasoma_octofasciata.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Copadichromis.jpg/220px-Copadichromis.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/C_afra.jpg/220px-C_afra.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/EtroplusMaculatus.png/220px-EtroplusMaculatus.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Geophagus_surinamensis.jpg/220px-Geophagus_surinamensis.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Astatotilapia_latifasciata2.jpg/220px-Astatotilapia_latifasciata2.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cyprichromis_kitumba.jpg/220px-Cyprichromis_kitumba.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Hemichromis_lifalili_%28aquarium%293.jpg/220px-Hemichromis_lifalili_%28aquarium%293.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Herichthys_cyanoguttatum_%28Rio_Grande_Cichlid%29.jpg/220px-Herichthys_cyanoguttatum_%28Rio_Grande_Cichlid%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Julidochromis_dickfeldi.jpg/220px-Julidochromis_dickfeldi.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Labeotropheus_fuelleborni1.jpg/220px-Labeotropheus_fuelleborni1.jpg)
Els cíclids (Cichlidae) són una família de peixos d'aigües dolces tropicals pertanyent a l'ordre dels perciformes, algunes espècies de la qual són molt apreciades com a peixos d'aquari (especialment els gèneres Cichlasoma, Aequidens, Pseudotropheus, Aulonocara, Julidochromis, Pterophyllum i Symphysodon).[2][3][4]
Morfologia
Són de dimensions mitjanes, tot i que Boulengerochromis microlepis pot assolir els 80 cm de longitud màxima. La forma del cos és molt variable però, generalment, és allargada o ovalada i comprimida lateralment. Coloració de tons apagats en alguns i vistosa en uns altres. Tenen una sola aleta dorsal, la part anterior de la qual té radis espinosos. Tenen un orifici nasal a cada costat del cap. Interrupció de la línia lateral en la majoria de les espècies. Entre 3 i 15 espines a l'aleta anal (generalment, 3). Els mascles solen ser més grossos i amb les aletes més allargades que les femelles.[5][6][7][8]
Reproducció
- En general, acostumen a pondre els ous sobre pedres que anteriorment han estat netejades escrupolosament o sobre una fulla. Els pares es fan càrrec de les cries i les defensaran amb violència dels intrusos. D'altra banda, acostumen a ser peixos molt prolífics i és prou normal que les parelles romanguin unides durant molts anys.
- En les espècies del gènere Apistogramma és comú que els mascles posseeixin diverses femelles i que tinguin accés lliure als territoris de cadascuna d'elles.
- Un curiós mètode de reproducció d'alguns cíclids és la incubació bucal. En aquest cas, els mascles assagen els primers moviments dirigint-se a la femella, la qual lentament pon els seus primers ous i els guarda dins la boca. Tot seguit, el mascle exhibeix la seva aleta anal, en la qual estan dissenyades taques similars als ous. La femella, suposant que es tracta d'ous reals, intenta guardar-los a la boca i, en intentar-ho, s'empassa l'esperma del mascle i així fecunda els ous que té dins de la boca. El desenvolupament dels embrions es desenvolupa en aproximadament 20 dies.[9]
Alimentació
Segons l'espècie, poden ser omnívors o herbívors.[6][10]
Hàbitat i distribució geogràfica
Viuen en les aigües de vegetació abundant[11] de Sud-amèrica (290 espècies), Amèrica Central, Texas (1), les Índies Occidentals, Àfrica (900), Madagascar (17), el sud de l'Índia, Sri Lanka, la vall del riu Jordà (4) i l'Iran (1).[6][12][11]
Depredació
Molts cíclids adults, si tenen l'oportunitat, poden depredar els membres més joves de la seva pròpia espècie (ous, larves i alevins) o d'altres espècies de cíclids. Aquesta pressió depredatòria ajuda a explicar la intensa atenció dels pares envers la seua progènie. Així mateix, les espècies introduïdes(com la perca, per exemple) han resultat desastroses per a molts cíclids endèmics fins a l'extrem de causar l'extinció d'algunes espècies. Els éssers humans també han exercit una intensa pressió sobre aquesta família de peixos al llarg dels segles.[13]
Observacions
Els cíclids són àmpliament emprats en aqüicultura per al consum alimentari humà. Així, per exemple, a Israel i Àsia els gèneres Oreochromis i Tilapia són molt populars; a l'Amèrica Llatina els gèneres Astronotus, Cichlasoma i Oreochromis; al Carib i a Egipte, les espècies del gènere Tilapia; i a la resta d'Àfrica, Oreochromis.[14]
Gèneres
- Acarichthys (Eigenmann, 1912)[15]
- Acarichthys heckelii (Müller & Troschel, 1849)[16]
- Acaronia (Myers, 1940)[17]
- Acaronia nassa (Heckel, 1840)[18]
- Acaronia vultuosa (Kullander, 1989)[19]
- Aequidens (Eigenmann & Bray, 1894)[20]
- Allochromis (Greenwood, 1980)[21]
- Allochromis welcommei (Greenwood, 1966)[22]
- Alticorpus (Stauffer & McKaye, 1988)[23]
- Altolamprologus (Poll, 1986)[24]
- Amatitlania (Schmitter-Soto, 2007)[25]
- Amphilophus (Agassiz, 1859)[26]
- Anomalochromis (Greenwood, 1985)[27]
- Anomalochromis thomasi (Boulenger, 1915)[28]
- Apistogramma (Regan, 1913)[29]
- Apistogrammoides (Meinken, 1965)[30]
- Apistogrammoides pucallpaensis (Meinken, 1965)[31]
- Archocentrus (Gill, 1877)[32]
- Archocentrus centrarchus (Gill, 1877)[33]
- Archocentrus multispinosus (Günther, 1867)[34]
- Archocentrus spinosissimus (Vaillant & Pellegrin, 1902)[35]
- Aristochromis (Trewavas, 1935)[36]
- Aristochromis christyi (Trewavas, 1935)[36]
- Astatoreochromis (Pellegrin, 1904)[37]
- Astatoreochromis alluaudi (Pellegrin, 1904)[38]
- Astatoreochromis straeleni (Poll, 1944)[39]
- Astatoreochromis vanderhorsti (Greenwood, 1954)[40]
- Astatotilapia (Pellegrin, 1904)[37]
- Astronotus (Swainson, 1839)[41]
- Astronotus crassipinnis (Heckel, 1840)[18]
- Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831)[42]
- Aulonocara (Regan, 1922)[43]
- Aulonocranus (Regan, 1920)[44]
- Aulonocranus dewindti (Boulenger, 1899)[45]
- Australoheros (Rican & Kullander, 2006)[46]
- Baileychromis (Poll, 1986)[24]
- Baileychromis centropomoides (Bailey & Stewart, 1977)[47]
- Bathybates (Boulenger, 1898)[48]
- Benitochromis (Lamboj, 2001)[49]
- Benthochromis (Poll, 1986)[50]
- Benthochromis horii (Takahashi, 2008)[51]
- Benthochromis melanoides (Poll, 1984)[52]
- Benthochromis tricoti (Poll, 1948)[53]
- Biotodoma (Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903)[54]
- Biotodoma cupido (Heckel, 1840)[55]
- Biotodoma wavrini (Gosse, 1963)[56]
- Biotoecus (Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903)[54]
- Biotoecus dicentrarchus (Kullander, 1989)[57]
- Biotoecus opercularis (Steindachner, 1875)[58]
- Boulengerochromis (Pellegrin, 1904)[37]
- Boulengerochromis microlepis (Boulenger, 1899)[59]
- Buccochromis (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989)[60]
- Bujurquina (Kullander, 1986)[61]
- Callochromis (Regan, 1920)[44]
- Callochromis macrops (Boulenger, 1898)
- Callochromis melanostigma (Boulenger, 1906)
- Callochromis pleurospilus (Boulenger, 1906)
- Caprichromis (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989)[60]
- Caprichromis liemi (Mckaye & Mackenzie, 1982)
- Caprichromis orthognathus (Trewavas, 1935)
- Caquetaia (Fowler, 1945)[62]
- Caquetaia kraussii (Steindachner, 1878)[63]
- Caquetaia myersi (Schultz, 1944)[64]
- Caquetaia spectabilis (Steindachner, 1875)[65]
- Caquetaia umbrifera (Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)[66]
- Cardiopharynx (Poll, 1942)[67]
- Cardiopharynx schoutedeni (Poll, 1942)
- Chaetobranchopsis (Steindachner, 1875)[68]
- Chaetobranchopsis australis (Eigenmann & Ward, 1907)[69]
- Chaetobranchopsis orbicularis (Steindachner, 1875)[70]
- Chaetobranchus (Heckel, 1840)[71]
- Chaetobranchus flavescens (Heckel, 1840)
- Chaetobranchus semifasciatus (Steindachner, 1875)
- Chalinochromis (Poll, 1974)[72]
- Chalinochromis brichardi (Poll, 1974)[73]
- Chalinochromis popelini (Brichard, 1989)
- Champsochromis (Boulenger, 1915)[74]
- Cheilochromis (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989)[60]
- Cheilochromis euchilus (Trewavas, 1935)[75]
- Chetia (Trewavas, 1961)[76]
- Chilochromis (Boulenger, 1902)[77]
- Chilochromis duponti (Boulenger, 1902)
- Chilotilapia (Boulenger, 1908)[78]
- Chilotilapia rhoadesii (Boulenger, 1908)[78]
- Chromidotilapia (Boulenger, 1898)[79]
- Cichla (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)[80]
- Cichlasoma (Swainson, 1839)[41]
- Cleithracara (Kullander & Nijssen, 1989)[81]
- Cleithracara maronii (Steindachner, 1881)[82]
- Congochromis (Stiassny & Schliewen, 2007)[83]
- Congochromis dimidiatus (Pellegrin, 1900)[84]
- Congochromis pugnatus (Stiassny & Schliewen, 2007)[85]
- Congochromis sabinae (Lamboj, 2005)
- Congochromis squamiceps (Boulenger, 1902)[86]
- Copadichromis (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989)[87]
- Corematodus (Boulenger, 1897)[88]
- Corematodus shiranus (Boulenger, 1897)
- Corematodus taeniatus (Trewavas, 1935)
- Crenicara (Steindachner, 1875)[68]
- Crenicara latruncularium (Kullander & Staeck, 1990)[89]
- Crenicara punctulatum (Steindachner, 1875)[90]
- Crenicichla (Heckel, 1840)[71]
- Cryptoheros (Allgayer, 2001)[91]
- Ctenochromis (Pfeffer, 1893)[92]
- Ctenochromis benthicola (Matthes, 1962)
- Ctenochromis horei (Günther, 1894)[93]
- Ctenochromis luluae (Fowler, 1930)
- Ctenochromis oligacanthus (Regan, 1922)
- Ctenochromis pectoralis (Pfeffer, 1893)
- Ctenochromis polli (Thys van den Audenaerde, 1964)
- Ctenopharynx (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989)[94]
- Ctenopharynx intermedius (Günther, 1864)
- Ctenopharynx nitidus (Trewavas, 1935)
- Ctenopharynx pictus (Trewavas, 1935)
- Cunningtonia (Boulenger, 1906)[95]
- Cunningtonia longiventralis (Boulenger, 1906)
- Cyathochromis (Trewavas, 1935)[36]
- Cyathochromis obliquidens (Trewavas, 1935)
- Cyathopharynx (Regan, 1920)[44]
- Cyathopharynx furcifer (Boulenger, 1898)[96]
- Cyclopharynx (Poll, 1948)[97]
- Cyclopharynx fwae (Poll, 1948)
- Cyclopharynx schwetzi (Poll, 1948)
- Cynotilapia (Regan, 1922)[43]
- Cynotilapia afra (Günther, 1894)[98]
- Cynotilapia axelrodi (Burgess, 1976)[99]
- Cynotilapia pulpican (Tawil, 2002)[100]
- Cyphotilapia (Regan, 1920)[44]
- Cyprichromis (Scheuermann, 1977)[101]
- Cyrtocara (Boulenger, 1902)[102]
- Cyrtocara moorii (Boulenger, 1902)[103]
- Danakilia (Thys van den Audenaerde, 1969)[104]
- Danakilia franchettii (Vinciguerra, 1931)
- Dicrossus (Steindachner, 1875)[68]
- Dicrossus filamentosus (Ladiges, 1958)[105]
- Dicrossus gladicauda (Schindler & Staeck, 2008)[106]
- Dicrossus maculatus (Steindachner, 1875)[58]
- Dimidiochromis (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989)[94]
- Dimidiochromis compressiceps (Boulenger, 1908)
- Dimidiochromis dimidiatus (Günther, 1864)
- Dimidiochromis kiwinge (Ahl, 1926)
- Dimidiochromis strigatus (Regan, 1922)
- Diplotaxodon (Trewavas, 1935)[36]
- Diplotaxodon aeneus (Turner & Stauffer, 1998)
- Diplotaxodon apogon (Turner & Stauffer, 1998)
- Diplotaxodon argenteus (Trewavas, 1935)
- Diplotaxodon ecclesi (Burgess & Axelrod, 1973)
- Diplotaxodon greenwoodi (Stauffer & McKaye, 1986)
- Diplotaxodon limnothrissa (Turner, 1994)
- Diplotaxodon macrops (Turner & Stauffer, 1998)
- Divandu (Lamboj & Snoeks, 2000)[107]
- Divandu albimarginatus (Lamboj & Snoeks, 2000)[108]
- Docimodus (Boulenger, 1897)[88]
- Docimodus evelynae (Eccles & Lewis, 1976)
- Docimodus johnstoni (Boulenger, 1897)
- Eclectochromis (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989)[87]
- Eclectochromis lobochilus (Trewavas, 1935)
- Eclectochromis ornatus (Regan, 1922)
- Ectodus (Boulenger, 1898)[48]
- Ectodus descampsii (Boulenger, 1898)
- Enantiopus
- Enantiopus albini (Steindachner, 1909)
- Eretmodus (Boulenger, 1898)[48]
- Eretmodus cyanostictus (Boulenger, 1898)
- Etia (Schliewen & Stiassny, 2003)[109]
- Etia nguti (Schliewen & Stiassny, 2003)[110]
- Etroplus (Cuvier, 1830)[111]
- Etroplus canarensis (Day, 1877)[112]
- Etroplus maculatus (Bloch, 1795)[113]
- Etroplus suratensis (Bloch, 1790)[114]
- Exochochromis (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989)[94]
- Exochochromis anagenys (Oliver, 1989)
- Fossorochromis (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989)[94]
- Fossorochromis rostratus (Boulenger, 1899)
- Genyochromis (Trewavas, 1935)[36]
- Geophagus (Heckel, 1840)[71]
- Gephyrochromis (Boulenger, 1901)[115]
- Gephyrochromis lawsi (Fryer, 1957)
- Gephyrochromis moorii (Boulenger, 1901)
- Gnathochromis (Poll, 1981)[116]
- Gnathochromis permaxillaris (David, 1936)
- Gnathochromis pfefferi (Boulenger, 1898)
- Gobiocichla (Kanazawa, 1951)[117]
- Gobiocichla ethelwynnae (Roberts, 1982)
- Gobiocichla wonderi (Kanazawa, 1951)
- Grammatotria (Boulenger, 1899)[45]
- Grammatotria lemairii (Boulenger, 1899)
- Greenwoodochromis (Poll, 1983)[118]
- Greenwoodochromis bellcrossi (Poll, 1976)
- Greenwoodochromis christyi (Trewavas, 1953)
- Guianacara (Kullander & Nijssen, 1989)[119]
- Gymnogeophagus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1918)[120]
- Haplochromis (Hilgendorf, 1888)[121]
- Haplotaxodon (Boulenger, 1906)[122]
- Haplotaxodon microlepis (Boulenger, 1906)
- Haplotaxodon trifasciatus (Takahashi & Nakaya, 1999)
- Hemibates (Regan, 1920)[44]
- Hemibates stenosoma (Boulenger, 1901)
- Hemichromis (Peters, 1857)[123]
- Hemitaeniochromis (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989)[94]
- Hemitaeniochromis urotaenia (Regan, 1922)
- Hemitilapia (Boulenger, 1902)[102]
- Hemitilapia oxyrhyncha (Boulenger, 1902)
- Herichthys (Baird & Girard, 1854)[124]
- Herichthys bartoni (Bean, 1892)[125]
- Herichthys carpintis (Jordan & Snyder, 1899)[126]
- Herichthys cyanoguttatus (Baird & Girard, 1854)[127]
- Herichthys deppii (Heckel, 1840)
- Herichthys labridens (Pellegrin, 1903)[128]
- Herichthys minckleyi (Kornfield & Taylor, 1983)
- Herichthys pantostictus (Taylor & Miller, 1983)[129]
- Herichthys pearsei (Hubbs, 1936)
- Herichthys steindachneri (Jordan & Snyder, 1899)[126]
- Herichthys tamasopoensis (Artigas Azas, 1993)[130]
- Heroina (Kullander, 1996)[131]
- Heroina isonycterina (Kullander, 1996)
- Heros (Heckel, 1840)[71]
- Heros efasciatus (Heckel, 1840)[55]
- Heros notatus (Jardine, 1843)[132]
- Heros severus (Heckel, 1840)[55]
- Heros spurius (Heckel, 1840)[133]
- Heterochromis (Regan, 1922)[134]
- Heterochromis multidens (Pellegrin, 1900)
- Hoplarchus (Kaup, 1860)[135]
- Hoplarchus psittacus (Heckel, 1840)
- Hoplotilapia (Hilgendorf, 1888)[121]
- Hoplotilapia retrodens (Hilgendorf, 1888)
- Hypselecara (Kullander, 1986)[61]
- Hypselecara coryphaenoides (Heckel, 1840)[55]
- Hypselecara temporalis (Gunther, 1862)[136]
- Hypsophrys (Agassiz, 1859)[137]
- Hypsophrys nematopus (Günther, 1867)[34]
- Hypsophrys nicaraguensis (Günther, 1864)[138]
- Interochromis (Yamaoka, Hori & Kuwamura, 1988)[139]
- Interochromis loocki (Poll, 1949)[140]
- Iodotropheus (Oliver & Loiselle, 1972)[141]
- Iodotropheus declivitas (Stauffer, 1994)
- Iodotropheus sprengerae (Oliver & Loiselle, 1972)
- Iodotropheus stuartgranti (Konings, 1990)
- Iranocichla (Coad, 1982)[142]
- Iranocichla hormuzensis (Coad, 1982)[143]
- Julidochromis (Boulenger, 1898)[48]
- Katria (Stiassny & Sparks, 2006)[144]
- Katria katria (Reinthal & Stiassny, 1997)[145]
- Konia (Trewavas, 1972)[146]
- Konia dikume (Trewavas, 1972)[147]
- Konia eisentrauti (Trewavas, 1962)[148]
- Krobia (Kullander & Nijssen, 1989)[149]
- Krobia guianensis (Regan, 1905)[150]
- Krobia itanyi (Puyo, 1943)[151]
- Krobia paloemeuensis (Kullander & Nijssen, 1989)[152]
- Krobia potaroensis (Eigenmann, 1912)[153]
- Labeotropheus (Ahl, 1926)[154]
- Labeotropheus fuelleborni (Ahl, 1926)[155]
- Labeotropheus trewavasae (Fryer, 1956)[156]
- Labidochromis (Trewavas, 1935)[36]
- Laetacara (Kullander, 1986)[61]
- Lamprologus (Schilthuis, 1891)[157]
- Lepidiolamprologus (Pellegrin, 1904)[37]
- Lestradea (Poll, 1943)[158]
- Lestradea perspicax (Poll, 1943)[159]
- Lestradea stappersii (Poll, 1943)[159]
- Lethrinops (Regan, 1922)[43]
- Lichnochromis (Trewavas, 1935)[36]
- Lichnochromis acuticeps (Trewavas, 1935)
- Limbochromis (Greenwood, 1987)[160]
- Limbochromis robertsi (Thys van den Audenaerde & Loiselle, 1971)[161]
- Limnochromis (Regan, 1920)[44]
- Limnochromis abeelei (Poll, 1949)[162]
- Limnochromis auritus (Boulenger, 1901)[163]
- Limnochromis staneri (Poll, 1949)[162]
- Limnotilapia (Regan, 1920)[44]
- Limnotilapia dardennii (Boulenger, 1899)
- Lobochilotes (Boulenger, 1915)[74]
- Lobochilotes labiatus (Boulenger, 1898)
- Maravichromis (Eccles i Trewavas, 1989)
- Maylandia (Meyer & Foerster, 1984)
- Mazarunia (Kullander, 1990)[164]
- Mazarunia mazarunii (Kullander, 1990)[165]
- Mbipia (Lippitsch & Seehausen, 1998)[166]
- Mbipia lutea (Seehausen & Bouton, 1998)[167]
- Mbipia mbipi (Lippitsch & Bouton, 1998)[167]
- Mchenga (Stauffer & Konings, 2006)[168]
- Melanochromis (Trewavas, 1935)[36]
- Mesonauta (Günther, 1862)[169]
- Metriaclima (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997)[170]
- Microchromis (Johnson, 1975)[171]
- Microchromis zebroides (Johnson, 1975)[171]
- Mikrogeophagus (Meulengracht-Madson, 1968)[172]
- Mikrogeophagus altispinosus (Haseman, 1911)
- Mikrogeophagus ramirezi (Myers & Harry, 1948)[173]
- Myaka (Trewavas, 1972)[146]
- Myaka myaka (Trewavas, 1972)[174]
- Mylochromis (Regan, 1920)[44]
- Mylochromis chekopae (Turner & Howarth, 2001)[175]
- Mylochromis ensatus (Turner & Howarth, 2001)[175]
- Mylochromis gracilis (Trewavas, 1935)
- Mylochromis lateristriga (Günther, 1864)[176]
- Mylochromis melanonotus (Regan, 1922)[177]
- Mylochromis spilostichus (Trewavas, 1935)
- Naevochromis (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989)[94]
- Nandopsis (Gill, 1862)[178]
- Nandopsis haitiensis (Tee-Van, 1935)[179]
- Nandopsis tetracanthus (Valenciennes, 1831)[180]
- Nandopsis vombergae (Ladiges, 1938)[181]
- Nannacara (Regan, 1905)[182]
- Nannacara adoketa (Kullander & Prada-Pedreros, 1993)[183]
- Nannacara anomala (Regan, 1905)[150]
- Nannacara aureocephalus (Allgayer, 1983)[184]
- Nannacara bimaculata (Eigenmann, 1912)[185]
- Nannacara quadrispinae (Staeck & Schindler, 2004)[186]
- Nannacara taenia (Regan, 1912)[187]
- Nanochromis (Pellegrin, 1904)[37]
- Neochromis (Regan, 1920)[44]
- Neolamprologus (Colombe & Allgayer, 1985)[188]
- Nimbochromis (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989)[94]
- Nyassachromis (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989)[94]
- Ophthalmotilapia (Pellegrin, 1904)[37]
- Ophthalmotilapia boops (Boulenger, 1901)[163]
- Ophthalmotilapia heterodonta (Poll & Matthes, 1962)[189]
- Ophthalmotilapia nasuta (Poll & Matthes, 1962)[189]
- Ophthalmotilapia ventralis (Boulenger, 1898)[190]
- Oreochromis (Günther, 1889)[191]
- Orthochromis (Greenwood, 1954)[192]
- Otopharynx (Regan, 1920)[44]
- Oxylapia (Kiener & Maugé, 1966)[193]
- Oxylapia polli (Kiener & Maugé, 1966)[194]
- Pallidochromis (Turner, 1994)[195]
- Pallidochromis tokolosh (Turner, 1994)[196]
- Parachromis (Agassiz, 1859)[197]
- Parachromis dovii (Günther, 1864)[198]
- Parachromis friedrichsthalii (Heckel, 1840)[55]
- Parachromis loisellei (Bussing, 1989)[199]
- Parachromis managuensis (Günther, 1867)[200]
- Parachromis motaguensis (Günther, 1867)[200]
- Paracyprichromis (Poll, 1986)[24]
- Paracyprichromis brieni (Poll, 1981)[201]
- Paracyprichromis nigripinnis (Boulenger, 1901)[163]
- Paralabidochromis (Greenwood, 1956)[202]
- Paralabidochromis victoriae (Greenwood, 1956)[203]
- Parananochromis (Greenwood, 1987)[204]
- Paraneetroplus (Regan, 1905)[205]
- Paraneetroplus bulleri (Regan, 1905)[206]
- Paraneetroplus gibbiceps (Steindachner, 1864)[207]
- Paraneetroplus nebuliferus (Günther, 1860)[208]
- Paratilapia (Bleeker, 1868)[209]
- Paratilapia polleni (Bleeker, 1868)[210]
- Paratilapia toddi (Boulenger, 1905)
- Paretroplus (Bleeker, 1868)[211]
- Pelmatochromis (Steindachner, 1894)[212]
- Pelmatochromis buettikoferi (Steindachner, 1894)[213]
- Pelmatochromis nigrofasciatus (Pellegrin, 1900)[214]
- Pelmatochromis ocellifer (Boulenger, 1899)[215]
- Pelvicachromis (Thys van den Audenaerde, 1968)[216]
- Perissodus (Boulenger, 1898)[217]
- Perissodus eccentricus (Liem & Stewart, 1976)[218]
- Perissodus microlepis (Boulenger, 1898)[190]
- Petenia (Günther, 1862)[169]
- Petenia splendida (Günther, 1862)[219]
- Petrochromis (Boulenger, 1898)[48]
- Petrotilapia (Trewavas, 1935)[36]
- Petrotilapia chrysos (Stauffer & van Snik, 1996)[220]
- Petrotilapia genalutea (Marsh, 1983)[221]
- Petrotilapia nigra (Marsh, 1983)[221]
- Petrotilapia tridentiger (Trewavas, 1935)[222]
- Pharyngochromis (Greenwood, 1979)[223]
- Pharyngochromis acuticeps (Steindachner, 1866)[224]
- Pharyngochromis darlingi (Boulenger, 1911)[225]
- Placidochromis (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989)[60]
- Platytaeniodus (Boulenger, 1906)[226]
- Platytaeniodus degeni (Boulenger, 1906)[226]
- Plecodus (Boulenger, 1898)[48]
- Plecodus elaviae (Poll, 1949)[162]
- Plecodus multidentatus (Poll, 1952)[227]
- Plecodus paradoxus (Boulenger, 1898)[190]
- Plecodus straeleni (Poll, 1948)[53]
- Protomelas (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989)[228]
- Pseudocrenilabrus (Fowler, 1934)[229]
- Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor (Schoeller, 1903)[230]
- Pseudocrenilabrus nicholsi (Pellegrin, 1928)[231]
- Pseudocrenilabrus philander (Weber, 1897)[232]
- Pseudosimochromis (Nelissen, 1977)[233]
- Pseudosimochromis curvifrons (Poll, 1942)[234]
- Pseudotropheus (Regan, 1922)[43]
- Pterochromis (Trewavas, 1973)[235]
- Pterochromis congicus (Boulenger, 1897)[236]
- Pterophyllum (Heckel, 1840)[71]
- Pterophyllum altum (Pellegrin, 1903)[128]
- Pterophyllum leopoldi (Gosse, 1963)[56]
- Pterophyllum scalare (Lichtenstein, 1823)[237]
- Ptychochromis (Steindachner, 1880)[238]
- Ptychochromis curvidens (Stiassny & Sparks, 2006)[239]
- Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi (Sparks & Stiassny, 2010)[240]
- Ptychochromis grandidieri (Sauvage, 1882)
- Ptychochromis inornatus (Sparks, 2002)[241]
- Ptychochromis insolitus (Stiassny & Sparks, 2006)[239]
- Ptychochromis loisellei (Stiassny & Sparks, 2006)[239]
- Ptychochromis makira (Stiassny & Sparks, 2006)[239]
- Ptychochromis oligacanthus (Bleeker, 1868)[242]
- Ptychochromis onilahy (Stiassny & Sparks, 2006)[239]
- Ptychochromoides (Kiener & Mauge, 1966)[193]
- Ptychochromoides betsileanus (Boulenger, 1899)[215]
- Ptychochromoides itasy (Sparks, 2004)[243] †
- Ptychochromoides vondrozo (Sparks & Reinthal, 2001)[244]
- Pundamilia (Seehausen & Lippitsch, 1998)[166]
- Pundamilia azurea (Seehausen & Lippitsch, 1998)[245]
- Pundamilia igneopinnis (Seehausen & Lippitsch, 1998)[245]
- Pundamilia macrocephala (Seehausen & Bouton, 1998)[245]
- Pundamilia nyererei (Witte-Maas & Witte, 1985)[246]
- Pundamilia pundamilia (Seehausen & Bouton, 1998)[245]
- Pungu (Trewavas, 1972)[146]
- Pungu maclareni (Trewavas, 1962)[247]
- Pyxichromis (Greenwood, 1980)[21]
- Pyxichromis orthostoma (Regan, 1922)[248]
- Pyxichromis paradoxus (Lippitsch & Kaufman, 2003)[249]
- Pyxichromis parorthostoma (Greenwood, 1967)[250] †
- Reganochromis (Whitley, 1929)[251]
- Reganochromis calliurus (Boulenger, 1901)[252]
- Retroculus (Eigenmann & Bray, 1894)[20]
- Retroculus lapidifer (Castelnau, 1855)
- Retroculus septentrionalis (Gosse, 1971)
- Retroculus xinguensis (Gosse, 1971)
- Rhamphochromis (Regan, 1922)[43]
- Rocio (Schmitter-Soto, 2007)[253]
- Rocio gemmata (Contreras-Balderas & Schmitter-Soto, 2007)[254]
- Rocio ocotal (Schmitter-Soto, 2007)[254]
- Rocio octofasciata (Regan, 1903)[255]
- Sargochromis (Regan, 1920)[44]
- Sarotherodon (Rüppell, 1852)[256]
- Satanoperca (Günther, 1862)[169]
- Schubotzia (Boulenger, 1914)[257]
- Schubotzia eduardiana (Boulenger, 1914)[258]
- Schwetzochromis (Poll, 1948)[97]
- Schwetzochromis neodon (Poll, 1948)[259]
- Sciaenochromis (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989)[60]
- Sciaenochromis ahli (Trewavas, 1935)[260]
- Sciaenochromis benthicola (Konings, 1993)[261]
- Sciaenochromis fryeri (Konings, 1993)[262]
- Sciaenochromis gracilis (Trewavas, 1935)[263]
- Sciaenochromis psammophilus (Konings, 1993)[261]
- Sciaenochromis spilostichus (Trewavas, 1935)[222]
- Serranochromis (Regan, 1920)[44]
- Simochromis (Boulenger, 1898)[48]
- Simochromis babaulti (Pellegrin, 1927)[264]
- Simochromis diagramma (Günther, 1894)[265]
- Simochromis margaretae (Axelrod & Harrison, 1978)[266]
- Simochromis marginatus (Poll, 1956)[267]
- Simochromis pleurospilus (Nelissen, 1978)[268]
- Spathodus (Boulenger, 1900)[269]
- Spathodus erythrodon (Boulenger, 1900)[270]
- Spathodus marlieri (Poll, 1950)[271]
- Steatocranus (Boulenger, 1899)[272]
- Stigmatochromis (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989)[60]
- Stigmatochromis macrorhynchos (Stauffer, Cleaver-Yoder & Konings, 2011)[273]
- Stigmatochromis melanchros (Stauffer, Cleaver-Yoder & Konings, 2011)[273]
- Stigmatochromis modestus (Günther, 1894)[274]
- Stigmatochromis pholidophorus (Trewavas, 1935)[275]
- Stigmatochromis pleurospilus (Trewavas, 1935)[275]
- Stigmatochromis woodi (Regan, 1922)[276]
- Stomatepia (Trewavas, 1962)[277]
- Stomatepia mariae (Holly, 1930)[278]
- Stomatepia mongo (Trewavas, 1972)[279]
- Stomatepia pindu (Trewavas, 1972)[279]
- Symphysodon (Heckel, 1840)[71]
- Symphysodon aequifasciatus (Pellegrin, 1904)[38]
- Symphysodon discus (Heckel, 1840)[18]
- Taeniacara (Myers, 1935)[280]
- Taeniacara candidi (Myers, 1935)[280]
- Taeniochromis (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989)[94]
- Taeniochromis holotaenia (Regan, 1922)[43]
- Taeniolethrinops (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989)[94]
- Taeniolethrinops cyrtonotus (Trewavas, 1931)[281]
- Taeniolethrinops furcicauda (Trewavas, 1931)[281]
- Taeniolethrinops laticeps (Trewavas, 1931)[281]
- Taeniolethrinops praeorbitalis (Regan, 1922)[276]
- Tahuantinsuyoa (Kullander, 1991)[61]
- Tahuantinsuyoa chipi (Kullander, 1991)[282]
- Tahuantinsuyoa macantzatza (Kullander, 1986)[283]
- Tangachromis (Poll, 1981)[116]
- Tangachromis dhanisi (Poll, 1949)[284]
- Tanganicodus (Poll, 1950)[285]
- Tanganicodus irsacae (Poll, 1950)[286]
- Teleocichla (Kullander, 1988)[287]
- Teleocichla centisquama (Zuanon & Sazima, 2002)[288]
- Teleocichla centrarchus (Kullander, 1988)[289]
- Teleocichla cinderella (Kullander, 1988)[289]
- Teleocichla gephyrogramma (Kullander, 1988)[289]
- Teleocichla monogramma (Kullander, 1988)[289]
- Teleocichla prionogenys (Kullander, 1988)
- Teleogramma (Boulenger, 1899)[272]
- Teleogramma brichardi (Poll, 1959)[290]
- Teleogramma depressum (Roberts & Stewart, 1976)[291]
- Teleogramma gracile (Boulenger, 1899)[292]
- Teleogramma monogramma (Pellegrin, 1927)[293]
- Telmatochromis (Boulenger, 1898)[48]
- Theraps (Günther, 1862)[294]
- Theraps coeruleus (Stawikowski & Werner, 1987)[295]
- Theraps godmanni (Günther, 1862)[169]
- Theraps heterospilus (Hubbs, 1936)[296]
- Theraps intermedius (Günther, 1862)[169]
- Theraps irregularis (Günther, 1862)[297]
- Theraps lentiginosus (Steindachner, 1864)[298]
- Theraps microphthalmus (Günther, 1862)[169]
- Theraps wesseli (Miller, 1996)[299]
- Thoracochromis (Greenwood, 1979)[223]
- Thoracochromis albolabris (Trewavas & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1969)[300]
- Thoracochromis bakongo (Thys van den Audenaerde, 1964)
- Thoracochromis brauschi (Poll & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1965)[301]
- Thoracochromis buysi (Penrith, 1970)[302]
- Thoracochromis callichromus (Poll, 1948)[303]
- Thoracochromis demeusii (Boulenger, 1899)
- Thoracochromis fasciatus (Perugia, 1892)
- Thoracochromis lucullae (Boulenger, 1913)
- Thoracochromis moeruensis (Boulenger, 1899)
- Thoracochromis schwetzi (Poll, 1967)
- Thoracochromis stigmatogenys (Boulenger, 1913)
- Thoracochromis wingatii (Boulenger, 1902)
- Thorichthys (Meek, 1904)[304]
- Thysochromis (Daget, 1988)[305]
- Thysochromis ansorgii (Boulenger, 1901)[306]
- Tilapia (Smith, 1840)[307]
- Tomocichla (Regan, 1908)[308]
- Tomocichla asfraci (Allgayer, 2002)
- Tomocichla sieboldii (Kner, 1863)
- Tomocichla tuba (Meek, 1912)
- Tramitichromis (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989)[309]
- Tramitichromis brevis (Boulenger, 1908)
- Tramitichromis intermedius (Trewavas, 1935)
- Tramitichromis lituris (Trewavas, 1931)
- Tramitichromis trilineatus (Trewavas, 1931)
- Tramitichromis variabilis (Trewavas, 1931)
- Trematocara (Boulenger, 1899)[310]
- Trematocranus (Trewavas, 1935)[36]
- Triglachromis (Poll & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1974)[311]
- Triglachromis otostigma (Regan, 1920)[312]
- Tristramella (Trewavas, 1942)[313]
- Tristramella intermedia (Steinitz & Ben-Tuvia, 1959) †
- Tristramella magdalainae (Lortet, 1883) †
- Tristramella sacra (Günther, 1865)
- Tristramella simonis (Günther, 1864)
- Tropheops (Trewavas, 1984)
- Tropheops gracilior (Trewavas, 1935)
- Tropheops lucerna (Trewavas, 1935)
- Tropheops macrophthalmus (Ahl, 1926)
- Tropheops microstoma (Trewavas, 1935)
- Tropheops modestus (Johnson, 1974)
- Tropheops novemfasciatus (Regan, 1922)
- Tropheops romandi (Colombé, 1979)
- Tropheops tropheops (Regan, 1922)
- Tropheus (Boulenger, 1898)[217]
- Tylochromis (Regan, 1920)[44]
- Tyrannochromis (Eccles & Trewavas, 1989)[60]
- Uaru (Heckel, 1840)[71]
- Uaru amphiacanthoides (Heckel, 1840)
- Uaru fernandezyepezi (Stawikowski, 1989)
- Variabilichromis (Colombe & Allgayer, 1985)[314]
- Variabilichromis moorii (Boulenger, 1898)[48]
- Vieja (Fernández-Yepez, 1969)[315]
- Xenochromis (Boulenger, 1899)[316]
- Xenochromis hecqui (Boulenger, 1899)[316]
- Xenotilapia (Boulenger, 1899)[310]
- Xystichromis (Greenwood, 1980)
- Yssichromis (Greenwood, 1980)[21]
- Yssichromis fusiformis (Greenwood & Gee, 1969)[317][318][319][320][321][322][323][324][325][326]
Referències
- ↑ Berg, L.S., 1958. System der rezenten und fossilen Fischartigen und Fische. VEB Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlín, Alemanya.
- ↑ Berra, T. 2001. Freshwater Fish Distribution. San Diego, Califòrnia, Estats Units: Academic Press.
- ↑ Wheeler, A. The World Encyclopedia of Fishes (en anglès). 2a edició. Macdonald, 1985. ISBN 978-0356107158.
- ↑ AQUANOVEL Arxivat 2008-12-16 a Wayback Machine. (castellà)
- ↑ «Cíclids». Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana. Barcelona: Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 FishBase (anglès)
- ↑ Barlow, G. 2000. The Cichlid Fishes: Nature's Grand Experiment in Evolution. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publications.
- ↑ Ribbink, A. 1991. Distribution and Ecology of the Cichlids of the African Great Lakes. Pp. 36-59 a M. Keenleyside, ed. Cichlid Fishes: Behavior, Ecology and Evolution. Londres, Gran Bretanya: Chapman and Hall.
- ↑ Barlow, G. 1991. Mating Systems among Cichlid Fishes. Pp. 173-190, a M. Keenleyside, ed. Cichlid Fishes: Behavior, Ecology and Evolution. Londres: Chapman and Hall.
- ↑ Yamaoka, K. 1991. Feeding Relationships. Pp. 151-172 a M. Keenleyside, ed. Cichlids Fishes: Behavior, Ecology and Evolution. Londres: Chapman and Hall.
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 Greenwood, P., M. Stiassny. 2002. Cichlids. Pp. 200-204 a W.N. Eschmeyer, J.R. Paxton, eds. Encyclopedia of fishes – second edition. San Diego, Califòrnia, Estats Units: Academic Press.
- ↑ Kullander, S.O., 1998. A phylogeny and classification of the South American Cichlidae (Teleostei: Perciformes). p. 461-498. A: L.R. Malabarba, R.E. Reis, R.P. Vari, Z.M. Lucena i C.A.S. Lucena (editors) Phylogeny and classification of neotropical fishes. Porto Alegre, Edipucrs. 603 p.
- ↑ Greenwood, P., M. Stiassny. 2002. Cichlids. Pp. 200-204 a W.N. Eschmeyer, J.R. Paxton, eds. Encyclopedia of fishes – segona edició. San Diego, Califòrnia, Estats Units: Academic Press.
- ↑ Pullin, R. 1991. Cichlids in Aquaculture. Pp. 280-309 a M. Keenleyside, ed. Cichlids Fishes: Behavior, Ecology and Evolution. Londres: Chapman and Hall.
- ↑ Eigenmann, C. H. 1912. The freshwater fishes of British Guiana, including a study of the ecological grouping of species, and the relation of the fauna of the plateau to that of the lowlands. Mem. Carnegie Mus. v. 5 (núm. 1): i-xxii + 1-578, Pls. 1-103.
- ↑ Müller, J. & F. H. Troschel. 1849. Fische (pp. 618-644). A Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844. Im Auftrag Sr. Mäjestat des Königs von Preussen ausgeführt von Richard Schomburgk. [Versuch einer Fauna und Flora von Britisch-Guiana.] v. 3. Berlin. Reisen British Guiana.
- ↑ Myers, G. S. 1940. Suppression of Acaropsis and Chalcinus, two preoccupied generic names of South American fresh-water fishes. Stanford Ichthyol. Bull. v. 1 (núm. 5): 170.
- ↑ 18,0 18,1 18,2 Heckel, J. J., 1840. Johann Natterer's neue Flussfische Brasilien's nach den Beobachtungen und Mittheilungen des Entdeckers beschrieben (Erste Abtheilung, Die Labroiden). Ann. Wien. Mus. Naturges. v. 2: 325-471, Pls. 29-30.
- ↑ Kullander, S. O., 1989. Description of a new Acaronia species (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Rio Orinoco and Rio Negro drainages. Zool. Scripta v. 18 (núm. 3): 447-452.
- ↑ 20,0 20,1 Eigenmann, C. H. & W. L. Bray 1894. A revision of the American Cichlidae. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. v. 7 (art. 4): 607-624.
- ↑ 21,0 21,1 21,2 Greenwood, P. H. 1980. Towards a phyletic classification of the `genus' Haplochromis (Pisces, Cichlidae) and related taxa. Part II; the species from lakes Victoria, Nabugabo, Edward, George and Kivu. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. v. 39 (núm. 1): 1-101.
- ↑ Greenwood, P. H. 1966. Two new species of Haplochromis (Pisces, Cichlidae) from Lake Victoria. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 13) v. 8 (núms. 89/90) [1965]: 303-318, Pl. 11.
- ↑ Stauffer, J. R., Jr. & K. R. McKaye 1988. Description of a genus and three deep water species of fishes (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi, Africa. Copeia 1988 (núm. 2): 441-449.
- ↑ 24,0 24,1 24,2 Poll, M. 1986. Classification des Cichlidae du lac Tanganika. Tribus, genres et especes. Mem. Acad. R. Belg. Cl. Sci. (Ser. 2) v. 45 (núm. 2): 1-163.
- ↑ Schmitter-Soto, J.J. 2007. A systematic revision of the genus Archocentrus (Perciformes: Cichlidae), with the description of two new genera and six new species. Zootaxa, 1603: 1–78.
- ↑ Agassiz, L. 1859. [Remarks on new fishes from Lake Nicaragua.]. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. v. 6 (1856-1859): 407-408.
- ↑ Greenwood, P. H. 1985. The generic status and affinities of Paratilapia thomasi Blgr 1915 (Teleostei, Cichlidae). Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. v. 49 (núm. 2): 257-272.
- ↑ Boulenger, G. A. 1915. Descriptions of new freshwater fishes from Sierra Leone. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 8) v. 15 (núm. 86): 202-204.
- ↑ Regan, C. T. 1913. Fishes from the River Ucayali, Peru, collected by W. Mounsey. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 8) v. 12 (núm. 69): 281-283.
- ↑ Meinken, H. 1965. Über eine neue Gattung und Art der Familie Cichlidae aus Peru (Pisces, Percoidea, Cichlidae). Senckenb. Biol. v. 46 (núm. 1): 47-53.
- ↑ Meinken, H. 1965. Über eine neue Gattung und Art der Familie Cichlidae aus Peru (Pisces, Percoidea, Cichlidae). Senckenb. Biol. v. 46 (núm. 1): 47-53.
- ↑ Gill, T. N.& J. F. Bransford 1877. Synopsis of the fishes of Lake Nicaragua. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. v. 29: 175-191.
- ↑ Gill, T. N. & J. F. Bransford. 1877. Synopsis of the fishes of Lake Nicaragua. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. v. 29: 175-191.
- ↑ 34,0 34,1 Günther, A., 1867. On the fishes of the states of Central America, founded upon specimens collected in fresh and marine waters of various parts of that country by Messrs. Salvin and Godman and Capt. J. M. Dow. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1866 (pt 3): 600-604.
- ↑ Vaillant, L. L. & J. Pellegrin. 1902. Cichlidés nouveaux de l'Amérique Centrale. Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. (Sér. 1) v. 8 (núm. 2): 84-88.
- ↑ 36,00 36,01 36,02 36,03 36,04 36,05 36,06 36,07 36,08 36,09 Trewavas, E. 1935. A synopsis of the cichlid fishes of Lake Nyasa. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 10) v. 16 (núm. 91): 65-118.
- ↑ 37,0 37,1 37,2 37,3 37,4 37,5 Pellegrin, J. 1904. Contribution à l'étude anatomique, biologique et taxinomique des poissons de la famille des Cichlidés. Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr. v. 16 (núms. 2-4): 41-400, Pls. 4-7.
- ↑ 38,0 38,1 Pellegrin, J., 1904. Contribution à l'étude anatomique, biologique et taxinomique des poissons de la famille des Cichlidés. Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr. v. 16 (núms. 2-4): 41-400, Pls. 4-7.
- ↑ Poll, M., 1944. Descriptions de poissons nouveaux recueillis dans la région d'Albertville (Congo belge) par le Dr. G. Pojer. Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. v. 20 (núm. 3): 1-12.
- ↑ Greenwood, P. H., 1954. On two species of cichlid fishes from the Malagarazi River (Tanganyika), with notes on the pharyngeal apophysis in species of the Haplochromis group. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 12) v. 7 (núm. 78): 401-414.
- ↑ 41,0 41,1 Swainson, W. 1839. The natural history and classification of fishes, amphibians, & reptiles, or monocardian animals. Spottiswoode & Co., Londres. Nat. Hist. & Class. v. 2: i-vi + 1-448.
- ↑ Spix, J. B. von & L. Agassiz. 1829-1831. Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam annos MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I.... colleget et pingendso curavit Dr J. B. de Spix.... Monachii. Selecta Piscium Brasiliam: Part 1: i-xvi + i-ii + 1-82, Pls. 1-48;, Part 2: 83-138, Pls. 49-101.
- ↑ 43,0 43,1 43,2 43,3 43,4 43,5 Regan, C. T. 1922. The cichlid fishes of Lake Nyassa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1921 (pt 4) (núm. 36): 675-727, Pls. 1-6.
- ↑ 44,00 44,01 44,02 44,03 44,04 44,05 44,06 44,07 44,08 44,09 44,10 44,11 44,12 Regan, C. T. 1920. The classification of the fishes of the family Cichlidae.--I. The Tanganyika genera. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 9) v. 5 (núm. 25): 33-53.
- ↑ 45,0 45,1 Boulenger, G. A. 1899. Second contribution to the ichthyology of Lake Tanganyika.--On the fishes obtained by the Congo Free State Expedition under Lieut. Lemaire in 1898. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. v. 15 (pt 4, núm. 1): 87-96, Pls. 18-20.
- ↑ Rícan, O. & S. O. Kullander 2006. Character- and tree-based delimitation of species in the 'Cichlasoma' fasciatum group (Teleostei, Cichlidae) with the description of a new genus. 1-17.
- ↑ Bailey, R. M. & D. J. Stewart. 1977. Cichlid fishes from Lake Tanganyika: additions to the Zambian fauna including two new species. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan Núm. 679: 1-30, Pls. 1-3.
- ↑ 48,0 48,1 48,2 48,3 48,4 48,5 48,6 48,7 48,8 Boulenger, G. A. 1898. Report on the fishes recently obtained by Mr. J. E. S. Moore in Lake Tanganyika. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1898 (pt 3): 494-497.
- ↑ Lamboj, A. 2001. Revision des Chromidotilapia batesii/finleyi-Komplexes (Teleostei, Perciformes), mit der Beschreibung einer neuen Gattung und dreier neuer Arten. Verh. Ges. Ichthyol. v. 2: 11-47.
- ↑ Poll, M. 1986. Classification des Cichlidae du lac Tanganika. Tribus, genres et especes. Mem. Acad. R. Belg. Cl. Sci. (Ser. 2) v. 45 (núm. 2): 1-163.
- ↑ Takahashi, T., 2008. Description of a new cichlid fish species of the genus Benthochromis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika. Journal of Fish Biology, 72 (3): 603-613.
- ↑ Poll, M., 1984. Haplotaxodon melanoides sp. n. du lac Tanganika (Pisces, Cichlidae). Revue de Zoologique Africaine v. 98 (núm. 3): 677-681.
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- ↑ 54,0 54,1 Eigenmann, C. H. & C. H. Kennedy 1903. On a collection of fishes from Paraguay, with a synopsis of the American genera of cichlids. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. v. 55: 497-537.
- ↑ 55,0 55,1 55,2 55,3 55,4 Heckel, J. J., 1840. Johann Natterer's neue Flussfische Brasilien's nach den Beobachtungen und Mittheilungen des Entdeckers beschrieben (Erste Abtheilung, Die Labroiden). Annalen des Wierner Museums der Natrugeschichte v. 2: 325-471, Pls. 29-30.
- ↑ 56,0 56,1 Gosse, J.-P., 1963. Description de deux cichlides nouveaux de la region amazonienne. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique v. 39 (núm. 35): 1-7, Pl. 1.
- ↑ Kullander, S. O., 1989. Biotoecus Eigenmann and Kennedy (Teleostei: Cichlidae): description of a new species from the Orinoco Basin and revised generic diagnosis. Journal of Natural History v. 23 (núm. 1): 225-260.
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- ↑ Boulenger, G. A. 1899. Second contribution to the ichthyology of Lake Tanganyika.-- On the fishes obtained by the Congo Free State Expedition under Lieut. Lemaire in 1898. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 15 (pt 4, núm. 1): 87-96, Pls. 18-20.
- ↑ 60,0 60,1 60,2 60,3 60,4 60,5 60,6 Eccles, D. H. & E. Trewavas 1989. Malawian cichlid fishes. The classification of some Haplochromine genera. Lake Fish Movies, H. W. Dieckhoff, República Federal d'Alemanya. Malawian cichlid fishes: 1-334.
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- ↑ Fowler, H. W. 1945. Colombian zoological survey. Pt. I.--The freshwater fishes obtained in 1945. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. v. 97: 93-135.
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- ↑ Steindachner, F., 1875. Beiträge der Kenntniss der Chromiden des Amazonenstromes. Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien v. 71 (1. Abth.): 61-137, Pls. 1-8.
- ↑ Meek, S. E. & S. F. Hildebrand. 1913. New species of fishes from Panama. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Zool. Ser. v. 10 (núm. 8): 77-91.
- ↑ Poll, M. 1942. Cichlidae nouveaux du lac Tanganika appartenant aux collections du Musée du Congo. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. v. 36 (núm. 4): 343-360.
- ↑ 68,0 68,1 68,2 Steindachner, F. 1875. Beiträge der Kenntniss der Chromiden des Amazonenstromes. Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien v. 71 (1. Abth.): 61-137, Pls. 1-8.
- ↑ Eigenmann, C. H., McAtee, W. L. & Ward, D. P. 1907. On further collections of fishes from Paraguay. Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 4 (núm. 2): 110-157, Pls. 31-45.
- ↑ Steindachner, F. 1875. Beiträge der Kenntniss der Chromiden des Amazonenstromes. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 71 (1. Abth.): 61-137, Pls. 1-8.
- ↑ 71,0 71,1 71,2 71,3 71,4 71,5 71,6 Heckel, J. J. 1840. Johann Natterer's neue Flussfische Brasilien's nach den Beobachtungen und Mittheilungen des Entdeckers beschrieben (Erste Abtheilung, Die Labroiden). Ann. Wien. Mus. Naturges. v. 2: 325-471, Pls. 29-30.
- ↑ Poll, M. 1974. Contribution à la faune ichthyologique du lac Tanganika, d'après les récoltes de P. Brichard. Rev. Zool. Afr. v. 88 (núm. 1): 99-110.
- ↑ Poll, M. 1974. Contribution à la faune ichthyologique du lac Tanganika, d'après les récoltes de P. Brichard. Revue de Zoologique Africaine v. 88 (núm. 1): 99-110.
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- ↑ Trewavas, E. 1961. A new cichlid fish in the Limpopo basin. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. v. 46 (pt 5): 53-56.
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- ↑ Boulenger, G. A. 1898. A revision of the African and Syrian fishes of the family Cichlidae.--Part I. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1898 (pt 2): 132-152, Pl. 19.
- ↑ Bloch, M. E. & J. G. Schneider 1801. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. Systema Ichthyol.: i-lx + 1-584, Pls. 1-110.
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- ↑ Stiassny, M.L.J. & U.K. Schliewen. 2007. Congochromis, a new cichlid genus (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from central Africa, with a description of a new species from the upper Congo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. American Museum Novitates. 3576:1-14.
- ↑ Pellegrin, J. 1900. Poissons nouveaux du Congo francais. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 6 (núm. 3): 98-101.
- ↑ Stiassny, M.L.J. & U.K. Schliewen. 2007. Congochromis, a new cichlid genus (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from central Africa, with a description of a new species from the upper Congo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. American Museum Novitates. 3576:1-14.
- ↑ Boulenger, G. A. 1902. Contributions to the ichthyology of the Congo.--II. On a collection of fishes from the Lindi River. Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London v. 1 (pt 2): 265-271, Pls. 28-30.
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- ↑ Boulenger, G. A. 1906. Fourth contribution to the ichthyology of Lake Tanganyika.--Report on the collection of fishes made by Dr. W. A. Cunnington during the Third Tanganyika Expedition, 1904-1905. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. v. 17 (pt 6, no. 1): 537-619, Pls. 30-41.
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- ↑ Tawil, P., 2002. Description de Cynotilapia pulpican n. sp. (Pisces, Teleostei, Cichlidae), nouvelle espece du lac Malawi, avec remarques sur les genres Cynotilapia, Microchromis, Maylandia et Metriaclima. L'an Cichlidé v. 2: 72-82.
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- ↑ Thys van den Audenaerde, D. F. E. 1969. An annotated bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae). Documentation Zool., Mus. R. Afr. Cent. Núm. 14: i-xl + 1-406.
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- ↑ Lamboj, A. & J. Snoeks 2000. Divandu albimarginatus, a new genus and species of cichlid (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Congo and Gabon, Central Africa. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters v. 11 (núm. 4): 355-360.
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- ↑ 167,0 167,1 Seehausen, O., Lippitsch, E., Bouton, N. & Zwennes, H., 1998. Mbipi, the rock-dwelling cichlids of Lake Victoria: description of three new genera and fifteen new species. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (núm. 2): 129-228.
- ↑ Stauffer, J. R., Jr. & A. F. Konings 2006. Review of Copadochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae) with the description of a new genus and six new species. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters v. 17 (núm. 1): 9-42.
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- ↑ Regan, C. T. 1905. A revision of the fishes of the South-American cichlid genera Acara, Nannacara, Acaropsis, and Astronotus. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 7) v. 15 (núm. 88): 329-347.
- ↑ Kullander, S. O. & Prada-Pedreros, S., 1993. Nannacara adoketa, a new species of cichlid fish from the Rio Negro in Brazil. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 4 (núm. 4): 357-366.
- ↑ Allgayer, R., 1983. Nannacara aureocephalus, espèce nouvelle de Guyane française (Pisces, Cichlidae). Revue française des Cichlidophiles 1983 (núm. 33): 13-16.
- ↑ Eigenmann, C. H., 1912. The freshwater fishes of British Guiana, including a study of the ecological grouping of species, and the relation of the fauna of the plateau to that of the lowlands. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (núm. 1): i-xxii + 1-578, Pls. 1-103.
- ↑ Staeck, W. & I. Schindler, 2004. Nannacara quadrispinae sp. n. -- a new dwarf cichlid fish (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae) from the drainage of the Orinoco Delta in Venezuela. Zool. Abh., Staat. Mus. Tierk. Dresden v. 54: 155-161.
- ↑ Regan, C. T., 1912. Descriptions of new cichlid fishes from South America in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 9 (núm. 53): 505-507.
- ↑ Colombé, J. & R. Allgayer 1985. Description de Variabilchromis, Neolamprologus et Paleolamprologus genres nouveaux du Lac Tanganyika, avec redescription des genres Lamprologus Schilthuis, 1891 et Lepidiolamprologus Pellegrin, 1904. Rev. Fr. Cichlido. Núm. 49: 9-28.
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- ↑ Günther, A., 1889. On some fishes from Kilima-Njaro District. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1889 (pt 1): 70-72, Pl. 8.
- ↑ Greenwood, P. H. 1954. On two species of cichlid fishes from the Malagarazi River (Tanganyika), with notes on the pharyngeal apophysis in species of the Haplochromis group. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 12) v. 7 (núm. 78): 401-414.
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- ↑ Kiener, A. & Maugé, M. 1966. Contributions à l'étude systématique et écologique des poissons Cichlidae endémiques de Madagascar. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Serie A Zoologie v. 40 (núm. 2): 51-99, Pls. 1-4.
- ↑ Turner, G. F. 1994. Pallidochromis tokolosh, a new genus and species of deep water cichlid (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi, Africa. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters v. 5 (no. 4): 377-383.
- ↑ Turner, G. F. 1994. Pallidochromis tokolosh, a new genus and species of deep water cichlid (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi, Africa. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 5 (núm. 4): 377-383.
- ↑ Agassiz, L. 1859. (Remarks on new fishes from Lake Nicaragua). Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. v. 6 (1856-1859): 407-408.
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- ↑ Bussing, W. A., 1989. Cichlasoma loisellei, a new nandopsis group cichlid fish from Central America. Revista de Biologia Tropical v. 37 (núm. 2): 153-161.
- ↑ 200,0 200,1 Günther, A., 1867. On the fishes of the states of Central America, founded upon specimens collected in fresh and marine waters of various parts of that country by Messrs. Salvin and Godman and Capt. J. M. Dow. Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (pt 3): 600-604.
- ↑ Poll, M., 1981. Contribution a la faune ichthyologique du lac Tanganika. Révision du genre Limnochromis Regan, 1920. Description de trois genres nouveaux et d'une espèce nouvelle: Cyprichromis brieni. Annales de la Société Royale de Belgique v. 111 (núms. 1-4): 163-179.
- ↑ Greenwood, P. H. 1956. The monotypic genera of cichlid fishes in Lake Victoria. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. v. 3 (núm. 7): 295-333.
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- ↑ Regan, C. T., 1905. A revision of the fishes of the American cichlid genus Cichlosoma (sic) and of the allied genera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 16 (núms. 91-94): 60-77, 225-243, 316-340, 433-445.
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- ↑ Bleeker, P., 1868. Description de trois espèces inédites de Chromidoïdes de Madagascar. Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde (Ser. 2) v. 2: 307-314.
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- ↑ Thys van den Audenaerde, D. F. E. 1968. A preliminary contribution to a systematic revision of the genus Pelmatochromis Hubrecht sensu lato (Pisces, Cichlidae). Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. v. 77 (pts 3-4): 349-391.
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- ↑ Liem, K. F. & Stewart, D. J,. 1976. Evolution of the scale-eating cichlid fishes of Lake Tanganyika: a generic revision with a description of a new species. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 147 (núm. 7): 319-350, Pls. 1-2.
- ↑ Günther, A., 1862. Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Acanthopterygii, Pharyngognathi and Anacanthini in the collection of the British Museum. Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. v. 4: i-xxi + 1-534.
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- ↑ Sparks, J. S. & Stiassny, M. L. J., 2010. A new species of Ptychochromis from northeastern Madagascar (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with an updated phylogeny and revised diagnosis for the genus. Zootaxa, 2341: 33–51.
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- ↑ Lippitsch, E. & L. Kaufman. 2003. Pyxichromis paradoxus (Perciformes: Cichlidae), a new haplochromine species from Lake Edward, East Africa, and reassessment of the genus Pyxichromis Greenwood, 1980. Zeitschrift Fischk. v. 6 (núm. 1-2): 87-98.
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- ↑ 279,0 279,1 Trewavas, E., J. Green & S. A. Corbet. 1972. Ecological studies on crater lakes in West Cameroon. Fishes of Barombi Mbo. J. Zool. (Lond.) v. 167 (pt 1): 41-95, Pl. 1.
- ↑ 280,0 280,1 Myers, G. S. 1935. Four new fresh-water fishes from Brazil, Venezuela and Paraguay. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. v. 48: 7-14.
- ↑ 281,0 281,1 281,2 Trewavas, E., 1931. A revision of the cichlid fishes of the genus Lethrinops Regan. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 10) v. 7 (núm. 37): 133-152.
- ↑ Kullander, S. O., 1991. Tahuantinsuyoa chipi, a new species of cichlid fish from the Rio Pachitea drainage in Peru. Cybium v. 15 (núm. 1): 3-13.
- ↑ Kullander, S. O., 1986. Cichlid fishes of the Amazon River drainage of Peru. Swedish Museum of Natural History. Cichlids Amazon: 1-431, Pls. 1-38.
- ↑ Poll, M. 1949. Deuxième série de Cichlidae nouveaux recueillis par la mission hydrobiologique belge en Lac Tanganyika (1946-1947). Bull. Inst. R. Sci. Nat. Belg. v. 25 (núm. 33): 1-55.
- ↑ Poll, M. 1950. Description de deux Cichlidae pétricoles du lac Tanganika. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. v. 43 (núm. 4): 292-302.
- ↑ Poll, M. 1950. Description de deux Cichlidae pétricoles du lac Tanganika. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. v. 43 (núm. 4): 292-302.
- ↑ Kullander, S. O. 1988. Teleocichla, a new genus of South American rheophilic cichlid fishes with six new species (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Copeia 1988 (núm. 1): 196-230.
- ↑ Zuanon, J. & I. Sazima, 2002. Teleocichla centisquama, a new species of rapids-dwelling cichlid from Xingu River, Amazonia (Perciformes: Cichlidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters v. 13 (núm. 4): 373-378.
- ↑ 289,0 289,1 289,2 289,3 Kullander, S. O., 1988. Teleocichla, a new genus of South American rheophilic cichlid fishes with six new species (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Copeia 1988 (núm. 1): 196-230.
- ↑ Poll, M., 1959. Resultats scientifiques des missions zoologiques au Stanley Pool subsidiées par le Cemubac (Université Libre de Bruxelles) et la Musée Royal du Congo (1957-1958). III. Recherches sur la faune ichthyologique de la région du Stanley Pool. Ann. Mus. R. Congo Belge (Ser. 8), Sci. Zool. v. 71: 75-174, Pls. 12-26.
- ↑ Roberts, T. R. & D. J. Stewart. 1976. An ecological and systematic survey of fishes in the rapids of the lower Zaire or Congo River. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. v. 147 (núm. 6): 239-317, Pls. 1-14.
- ↑ Boulenger, G. A., 1899. Matériaux pour la faune du Congo. Poissons nouveaux du Congo. Troisième Partie. Silures, Acanthoptérygiens, Mastacembles, Plectognathes. Ann. Mus. Congo (Ser. Zool.) v. 1 (fasc. 3): 39-58, Pls. 20-29.
- ↑ Pellegrin, J., 1927. Description de Cichlidés et d'un Mugilidé nouveaux du Congo belge. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. v. 15 (núm. 1): 52-57.
- ↑ Günther, A. 1862. Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Acanthopterygii, Pharyngognathi and Anacanthini in the collection of the British Museum. Cat. Fishes v. 4: i-xxi + 1-534.
- ↑ Stawikowski, R. & U. Werner. 1987. Neue erkenntnisse über die buntbarsche um Theraps lentiginosus mit der beschreibung von Theraps coeruleus spec. nov. Aquar. Terrar. Z. v. 40 (núm. 11): 499-504.
- ↑ Hubbs, C. L., 1936. XVII. Fishes of the Yucatan Peninsula. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. No. 457: 157-287, Pls. 1-15.
- ↑ Günther, A., 1862. Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Acanthopterygii, Pharyngognathi and Anacanthini in the collection of the British Museum. Cat. Fishes v. 4: i-xxi + 1-534.
- ↑ Steindachner, F., 1864. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Chromiden Mejico's und Central-Amerika's. Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. v. 23: 57-74, Pls. 1-5.
- ↑ Miller, R. R., 1996. Theraps wesseli, a new species of cichlid fish from the Caribbean slope of northern Honduras. Trop. Fish Hobby. v. 44 (núm. 10): 179-183.
- ↑ Trewavas, E. & D. F. E. Thys van den Audenaerde. 1969. A new Angolan species of Haplochromis (Pisces, Cichlidae). Mitt. Hamb. Zool. Mus. Inst. v. 66: 237-239, Pl. 13.
- ↑ Poll, M. & D. F. E. Thys van den Audenaerde. 1965. Deux cichlidae nouveaux du Sud du Bassin du Congo. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. v. 72 (núms. 3-4): 322-333.
- ↑ Penrith, M. L., 1970. Report on a small collection of fishes from the Kunene River mouth. Cimbebasia (Ser. A) v. 1 (núm. 7): 165-176.
- ↑ Poll, M., 1948. Descriptions de Cichlidae nouveaux recueillis par le Dr. J. Schwetz dans la rivière Fwa (Congo belge). Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. v. 41 (núm. 1): 91-104, Pl. 21.
- ↑ Meek, S. E. 1904. The fresh-water fishes of Mexico north of the isthmus of Tehuantepec. Field Columbian Mus. Zool. Ser. v. 5: i-lxiii + 1-252, Pls. 1-17.
- ↑ Daget, J. 1988. Mutanda Ichthyologica: Thysochromis nom. nov. en replacement de Thysia (Pisces, Cichlidae). Cybium v. 12 (núm. 1): 97.
- ↑ Boulenger, G. A. 1901. On the fishes collected by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in the Niger Delta. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1901, v. 1 (pt 1): 4-10, Pls. 2-4.
- ↑ Smith, A. 1838-1847. Pisces. In: Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa in 1834-36. Illust. Zool. S. Africa v. 4: 77 unnumb. pp, accompanying Pls. 1-31.
- ↑ Regan, C. T. 1908. A collection of freshwater fishes made by Mr. C. F. Underwood in Costa Rica. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 8) v. 2 (núm. 11): 455-464.
- ↑ Eccles, D. H. & E. Trewavas, 1989. Malawian cichlid fishes. The classification of some Haplochromine genera. Lake Fish Movies, H. W. Dieckhoff, Alemanya Occidental. Malawian cichlid fishes: 1-334.
- ↑ 310,0 310,1 Boulenger, G. A. 1899. Second contribution to the ichthyology of Lake Tanganyika.--On the fishes obtained by the Congo Free State Expedition under Lieut. Lemaire in 1898. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. v. 15 (pt 4, núm. 1): 87-96, Pls. 18-20.
- ↑ Poll, M. & D. F. E. Thys van den Audenaerde 1974. Genre nouveau Triglachromis proposé pour Limnochromis otostigma Regan, Cichlidae du lac Tanganika (Pisces Cichlidae). Rev. Zool. Afr. v. 88 (núm. 1): 127-130.
- ↑ Regan, C. T. 1920. A new cichlid fish of the genus Limnochromis from Lake Tanganyika. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 9) v. 5 (núm. 25): 152.
- ↑ Trewavas, E. 1942. The cichlid fishes of Syria and Palestine. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 11) v. 9 (núm. 55): 526-536.
- ↑ Colombé, J. & R. Allgayer 1985. Description de Variabilchromis, Neolamprologus et Paleolamprologus genres nouveaux du Lac Tanganyika, avec redescription des genres Lamprologus Schilthuis, 1891 et Lepidiolamprologus Pellegrin, 1904. Rev. Fr. Cichlido. Núm. 49: 9-28.
- ↑ Fernández-Yépez, A. 1969. Contribución al conocimiento de los cichlidos. Evencias Núm. 22: 7 unnum. pp., Pls. 1-10.
- ↑ 316,0 316,1 Boulenger, G. A. 1899. Matériaux pour la faune du Congo. Poissons nouveaux du Congo. Cinquième Partie. Cyprins, Silures, Cyprinodontes, Acanthoptérygiens. Ann. Mus. Congo (Ser. Zool.) v. 1 (fasc. 5): 97-128, Pls. 40-47.
- ↑ Greenwood, P. H. & J. M. Gee. 1969. A revision of the Lake Victoria Haplochromis species (Pisces, Cichlidae). Part VII. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. v. 18 (núm. 1): 1-65.
- ↑ IUCN (anglès)
- ↑ Catalogue of Life[Enllaç no actiu] (anglès)
- ↑ Fauna Europaea Arxivat 2006-02-15 a Wayback Machine. (anglès)
- ↑ ITIS[Enllaç no actiu] (anglès)
- ↑ World Register of Marine Species (anglès)
- ↑ NCBI (anglès)
- ↑ BioLib (anglès)
- ↑ UNEP-WCMC Species Database[Enllaç no actiu] (anglès)
- ↑ The Taxonomicon (anglès)
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