1077

Calendar year

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	10th century 11th century 12th century
Decades:	1050s 1060s 1070s 1080s 1090s
Years:	1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080

1077 by topic
Leaders
Political entities State leaders Religious leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
v t e

1077 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1077 MLXXVII
Ab urbe condita	1830
Armenian calendar	526 ԹՎ ՇԻԶ
Assyrian calendar	5827
Balinese saka calendar	998–999
Bengali calendar	484
Berber calendar	2027
English Regnal year	11 Will. 1 – 12 Will. 1
Buddhist calendar	1621
Burmese calendar	439
Byzantine calendar	6585–6586
Chinese calendar	丙辰年 (Fire Dragon) 3774 or 3567 — to — 丁巳年 (Fire Snake) 3775 or 3568
Coptic calendar	793–794
Discordian calendar	2243
Ethiopian calendar	1069–1070
Hebrew calendar	4837–4838
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1133–1134
- Shaka Samvat	998–999
- Kali Yuga	4177–4178
Holocene calendar	11077
Igbo calendar	77–78
Iranian calendar	455–456
Islamic calendar	469–470
Japanese calendar	Jōhō 4 / Jōryaku 1 (承暦元年)
Javanese calendar	981–982
Julian calendar	1077 MLXXVII
Korean calendar	3410
Minguo calendar	835 before ROC 民前835年
Nanakshahi calendar	−391
Seleucid era	1388/1389 AG
Thai solar calendar	1619–1620
Tibetan calendar	阳火龙年 (male Fire-Dragon) 1203 or 822 or 50 — to — 阴火蛇年 (female Fire-Snake) 1204 or 823 or 51

Year 1077 (MLXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

Fall – Nikephoros Bryennios (the Elder), governor (doux) of the Theme of Dyrrhachium in the western Balkans, and Nikephoros Botaneiates, a general (strategos) of the Theme of Anatolics (modern Turkey), are proclaimed emperors by their troops. Emperor Michael VII (Doukas) offers Bryennios the title of caesar (co-emperor) if he submits to his rule, but Bryennios refuses. He sets out from Dyrrhachium, and marches towards Constantinople.

January 25 – Walk to Canossa: Emperor Henry IV travels to the Castle of Canossa near Reggio Emilia (Northern Italy), to visit Pope Gregory VII. He waits (with his wife Bertha of Savoy and son Conrad) at the gates for three days, for absolution of his excommunication. Gregory lifts the sentence, imposing on Henry a vow to comply with certain conditions (see Investiture Controversy).
King Alfonso VI (the Brave) reaches an agreement with his cousin Sancho Ramírez, who is elected as king of Navarre. Alfonso annexes the territories of Álava, part of Gipuzkoa and La Bureba, he is crowned and adopts the title of Imperator totius Hispaniae ("Emperor of all Spain").^[1]
March 14 – German nobles opposing king Henry IV elected an antiking, Rudolf of Rheinfelden, despite king Henry having been absolved.
April 3 – Henry IV grants the County of Friuli (with ducal status) to Sigaerd of Beilstein, patriarch of Aquileia. He creates the first Parliament, representing the communes as well the nobility and clergy.
Hugh I, duke of Burgundy, supports Sancho Ramírez (or Sancho V) in his conquest of the Castle of Muñones from Emir Ahmad al-Muqtadir, who rules the Taifa of Zaragoza.^[2]
King Mihailo I is given the title "King of the Slavs" by Gregory VII. He becomes the first recognized ruler of the kingdom of Duklja (modern Montenegro).

Robert II (Curthose) instigates his first insurrection against his father, King William I (the Conqueror), in Normandy.
The first recorded trial by combat is held between Wulfstan and Walter.
August 14 – A fire destroys much of London.^[3]

Suleiman ibn Qutulmish, a cousin of late Sultan Alp Arslan, consolidates his leadership over the Oghuz Turks and founds the Sultanate of Rum (modern Turkey).^[4]
Anushtegin Gharchai becomes governor (shihna) of Khwarezm and a vassal of the Seljuk Empire (until 1097).

The Almoravids complete the conquest of the Ghana Empire, and reach Spain (approximate date).

The Bayeux Tapestry (embroidery) is completed, probably in England, possibly to unveil at the dedication of Bayeux Cathedral this year.^[5]

September 1 – Pope Gregory VII appoints Landulf as bishop of Pisa. He makes him permanent legate of the Holy See in Corsica.^[6]
Paul of Caen is installed as abbot of St. Albans in England. He commences the building of St. Albans Abbey Church.
Pope Christodolos ends his reign as leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria (modern Egypt).

^ Minguez Fernández, José María (2009). Alfonso VI/Gregorio VII. Soberanía imperial frente a soberanía papal, pp. 30–33. ISSN 1575-801X.
^ Canellas, Angel (1951). "Las Cruzadas de Aragon en el Siglo XI". Argensola: Revista de Ciencias Sociales del Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses. 7. ISSN 0518-4088. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
^ "Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, p. 25. Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876).
^ Claude Cahen (1968). Pre-Ottoman Turkey: a general survey of the material and spiritual culture and history c. 1070–1330. Trans. J. Jones-Williams, pp. 73–74 (New York: Taplinger).
^ Grape, Wolfgang (1994). The Bayeux tapestry: monument to a Norman triumph. Prestel. ISBN 978-3-7913-1365-8. Retrieved May 3, 2012.
^ Cowdrey, H. E. J. (1998). Pope Gregory VII, 1073–1085, p. 279. Oxford: Clarendon Press.