1970 ILTF Women's Tennis Circuit
Margaret Court in August 1970 won 21 tour titles this year | |
Details | |
---|---|
Duration | 27 December 1969 – 26 December 1970 |
Edition | 57th (ILTF) |
Tournaments | 314 |
Categories | Grand Slam (4) African Circuit (13) Asian Circuit (16) Central America & Caribbean Circuit (6) European Circuit (141) North American Circuit (86 ) Oceania Circuit (29) South American Circuit (6) Virginia Slims (2) Team (6) |
Achievements (singles) | |
Most tournament titles | Margaret Court (21) |
Most tournament finals | Margaret Court (27) |
← 1969 1971 → |
The 1970 ILTF Women's Tennis Circuit was the 57th season since the formation of the International Lawn Tennis Federation in 1913,[1] and the 96th season since the first women's tournaments were held in 1876.
Also known as the World Tennis Circuit[2] or simply the ILTF Circuit[3] consisted of a worldwide series of 314 tennis tournaments played across 6 continental tennis circuits and administered by the ILTF and its associate members.
The circuit began in late December 1969 in Valencia, Spain and ended on 26 December 1970 in East London, South Africa.
1970 was a very important year for women's tennis that would see the staging of two women only Virginia Slims events leading to a nascent Virginia Slims Circuit.[4] The Virginia Slims Circuit would then be the platform for the formation of the Women's Tennis Association, which has risen to the structures of today.[5]
Summary of season
The Open era began with the British Hard Court Championships in Bournemouth in 1968. At the first Open Wimbledon, the prize-fund difference was 2.5:1 in favour of men. Billie Jean King won £750 for taking the title, while Rod Laver took £2,000. The total purses of the competitions were £14,800 for men and £5,680 for women.[6] By the 1970s, the pay difference which had been a 2.5:1 ratio between men and women had increased. In 1969, ratios of 5:1 in terms of pay were common at smaller tournaments; by 1970, these figures increased to 8:1 and even 12:1.[7]
The situation came to a head in 1970, when most tournaments offered four times as much prize money to men than they did to women. At the 1970 Italian Open, men's singles champion Ilie Năstase was paid US$3,500 while women's singles champion King received just US$600.[8] On top of this, the USLTA failed to organise any tournaments for women in 1970.[9]
Billie Jean King and eight other female tennis players – Americans Rosemary Casals, Nancy Richey, Peaches Bartkowicz, Kristy Pigeon, Valerie Ziegenfuss, Julie Heldman and Australians Kerry Melville Reid and Judy Tegart Dalton decided to enlist World Tennis magazine publisher Gladys Heldman to help negotiate for greater equality in prize money and provide valuable public relations assistance.[10] All the players were putting their tennis careers at risk because the influential USLTA did not back them.[11]
Gladys Heldman and the "Original 9" decided to target the Pacific Southwest Championships held in Los Angeles on the grounds that it paid eight times more money to men than it did to women. Heldman attempted to get the tournament chairman, former professional tennis player Jack Kramer, to reduce the inequality between the prize money purses for men and women. Kramer refused, leading the "Original 9" to declare at a press conference held at Forest Hills, New York that they would boycott the Pacific Southwest Championships and play at what would become the first Virginia Slims Circuit event, a US$7,500 Houston Women's Invitation tournament held in Houston, Texas in September 1970[12] Despite the USLTA's declaration that it would not sanction this event, the "Original 9" went ahead.[13] The Virginia Slims Circuit provided the platform for the formation of the Women's Tennis Association, which has risen to the structures of today.[14]
The 1970 ILTF women's tennis circuit began with Coupe Faucombridge tournament in Valencia, Spain. In the four most important tournaments of the year defending champion Margaret Court defeated Kerry Melville in the final, 6–3, 6–1 to win the women's singles tennis title at the Australian Open.[15] It was her ninth Australian title. At the French Open defending champion Margaret Court defeated Helga Niessen in the final, 6–2, 6–4 to win the women's singles tennis title.[16] It was her fifth French Open singles title.
At the Wimbledon Championships Margaret Court defeated Billie Jean King in the final, 14–12, 11–9 to win the ladies' singles tennis title,[17] her third major singles title of the year, and her 19th major singles title overall. At the US Open defending champion Margaret Court defeated Rosie Casals in the final, 6–2, 2–6, 6–1 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1970 US Open.[18] With the win, Court completed the Grand Slam, becoming the second woman to achieve it after Maureen Connolly in (1953), and the first woman in the Open Era to do so.[19] It was her record-breaking 20th major singles title, surpassing Helen Wills Moody's all-time tally. The circuit ended on 26 December 1970 at the Border Championships in East London, South Africa.
Schedule
This is a calendar of all official events that were administered by the International Lawn Tennis Federation in the year 1970, with player progression documented from the quarterfinals stage. The table also includes Grand Slam events, and tournaments on the African, Asian, Australasia, Central American & Caribbean, European, and South American ILTF regional circuits,[20] as part of the annual world tennis circuit.[21] Team events such as the Federation Cup and Wightman Cup are included.
- Key
Grand Slam events |
African Circuit.[22] |
Asian Circuit.[23] |
Australasia Circuit.[24] |
Central American/Caribbean Circuit.[25] |
European Circuit.[26] |
North American Circuit.[27] |
South American Circuit.[28] |
Virginia Slims events |
Team & Games events |
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
Ended | Tournament | Winner | Finalist | Semi finalist | Quarter finalist |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 Oct. | Auckland Catholic Open Auckland, New Zealand Grass Singles - Doubles | Beverly Vercoe 6–4, 7–5 | Jill Fraser | Julie Chatfield Lynette Ward | Margeret Bond M. Lye Barbara Simpson Tup Singer |
Italian National Championships[193] Bologna, Italy Clay Singles - Doubles | Lea Pericoli 0–6, 6–3, 6–2 | Maria Nasuelli | Monica Giorgi Daniela Porzio | Miss Albini Lucia Bassi Maria Monami Graziella Perna | |
Rumanian National Championships[194] Bucharest, Rumania Clay Singles - Doubles | Agneta Kun 6–2, 6–0 | Judith Dibar | Valria Balaj Eleonora Dumitrescu | ||
3 Oct. | Eastern Suburbs Open Coogee, Australia Grass Singles - Doubles | Evonne Goolagong 6–2, 6–0 | Anne Coleman | Sue Hole L. Smith | |
4 Oct.[195] | Pacific Coast International Open Los Gatos, United States Hard Singles - Doubles | Nancy Richey 7–6, 6–4 | Rosie Casals | Billie Jean King Sharon Walsh | Judy Dalton Helen Gourlay Lesley Hunt Pat Walkden |
Rumanian International Championships[196] Bucharest, Rumania Clay Singles - Doubles | Judith Dibar 6–2, 6–1 | Eva Szabo | Sue Alexander Veronica Koch | ||
5 Oct.[197] | Pan Am Open Auckland, New Zealand Grass Singles - Doubles | Jill Fraser 0–6, 6–3, 6–3 | Beverly Vercoe | ||
11 Oct.[198] | French National Championships (tennis) Bordeaux, France Clay Singles - Doubles | Gail Chanfreau 9–7, 6–2 | Françoise Dürr | Odile de Roubin Rosie Darmon | Danièle Bouteleux Anne Marie Cassaigne Nathalie Fuchs Evelyne Terras |
USSR National Championships[199] Alma Ata, Soviet Union Hard Singles - Doubles | Olga Morozova 6–4, 6–3 | Zaiga Yansone | Yevgenia Izopaitis Anna Yeremeyev | Aleksandra Ivanova Lilia Karpova Tiiu Kivi Maria Kull | |
Spanish National Championships[200] Madrid, Spain Clay Singles - Doubles | Carmen Coronado 6–2, 6–0 | Ana María Estalella | |||
Cocoa Beach Invitation[201] Cocoa Beach, United States Clay Singles - Doubles | Kathy Kuykendall 7–5, 7–5 | Bunny Smith | Elaine Brackett Pat Miller | Martha Crosskeys Barbara Hlinka | |
17 Oct.[202] | Dewar Cup Edinburgh Edinburgh, Great Britain NyGrass (i) Singles - Doubles | Sharon Walsh 6–2, 8–6 | Winnie Shaw | Ann Haydon Jones Virginia Wade | Lesley Charles Jackie Fayter Corinne Molesworth Nell Truman |
18 Oct.[203] | Victorian Hard Court Championships Melbourne, Australia Clay Singles - Doubles | Lorraine Coghlan Robinson 6–4, 6–2 | Kerry Wilkinson | ||
Fairfield Open Hard Courts[204] Fairfield, Australia Clay Singles - Doubles | Carol Zeeman 8–6, 6–1 | Jill Emmerson | |||
23 Oct. | Sydney Metropolitan Grasscourt Championships (including Strathfield Open) Strathfield, Australia Grass Singles - Doubles | Evonne Goolagong 6–3, 6–3 | Pat Coleman | ||
Bowring Institute Championships Bangalore, India Clay Singles - Doubles | Udaya Kumar 2–6, 6–1, 6–4 | Kiran Peshawaria | Susan Das Cherri Chettyanna | ||
24 Oct.[205] | Dewar Cup Stalybridge Stalybridge, Great Britain Uni-Turf (i) Singles - Doubles | Virginia Wade 2–6, 6–2, 6–1 | Ann Haydon Jones | Francoise Durr Patti Hogan | Winnie Shaw Betty Stöve Sharon Walsh Joyce Williams |
25 Oct.[206] | Spanish Open Championships Barcelona, Spain Clay Singles - Doubles | Helga Hosl 6–1, 6–1 | Sue Alexander | Ana María Estalella Sandra Walsham | |
Israel Invitation Beersheba, Israel Clay Singles - Doubles | Tova Epstein 6–4, 6–0 | Tamar Sendik | |||
Florida Closed Championships[207](12th) Delray Beach, United States Clay Singles - Doubles | Chris Evert 6–3, 6–0 | Laurie Fleming | Donna Ganz[208] Susan Vinton | ||
31 Oct.[209] | Dewar Cup Aberavon Aberavon, Great Britain NyGrass Carpet (i) Singles - Doubles | Virginia Wade 6–2, 8–6 | Ann Haydon Jones | Winnie Shaw Sharon Walsh | Francoise Durr Betty Stöve Nell Truman Joyce Williams |
November
Ended | Tournament | Winner | Finalist | Semi finalist | Quarter finalist |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 Nov. | Osorio Cup (South America Tennis Confederation) (team event) São Paulo, Brazil Clay | Chile | Colombia | Argentina Ecuador | Brazil Peru Uruguay |
Queensland Hard Court Championships Brisbane, Australia Hard Singles - Doubles | Evonne Goolagong 6–3, 3–6, 6–4 | Patty Ann Reese | |||
Zaragoza International Zaragoza, Spain Clay Singles - Doubles | Sandra Walsham 0–6, 6–3, 6–2 | Michelle Rodriguez | Ana María Estalella Manso Joan Koudelka | Maria Teresa Cuadrado Ebba Leijonhufvud Monique Van Haver | |
Wellington Championships Wellington, New Zealand Clay Singles - Doubles | Marilyn Pryde 6–2, 6–2 | Catherine Mclauchlan | Barbara McNeilly S. Meachen | ||
San Diego Metropolitan Tennis Championships San Diego, United States Hard Singles - Doubles | Marita Redondo 6–3, 6–4 | Laurie Tenney | Vicki Jensen Mary Struthers | Pam Farmer Vicki Smouse Leanne Strode Cindy Ursich | |
Auckland Hard Court Championships Auckland, New Zealand Clay Singles - Doubles | Beverly Vercoe 6–2, 6–2 | Jill Fraser | Barbara Simpson Beverly Ward | Joan Buckpitt Christine Fletcher Yvonne Harrison Patricia Hern | |
6 Nov. | Bermuda Invitation Hamilton, Bermuda Clay Singles - Doubles | Ann Alger 7–5, 7–5 | Grace Findlay | ||
7 Nov.[210] | Dewar Cup Torquay Torquay, Great Britain NyGrass Carpet (i) Singles - Doubles | Ann Haydon Jones 6–7, 7–5 | Virginia Wade | Francoise Durr Winnie Shaw | Betty Stöve Janice Townsend Sharon Walsh Joyce Williams |
8 Nov.[211] | Virginia Slims Invitational Richmond, United States Hard Singles - Doubles | Billie Jean King 6–3, 6–3 | Nancy Richey | Rosie Casals Mary Ann Curtis | Darlene Hard Ceci Martinez Kristy Pigeon Valerie Ziegenfuss |
Australian Hard Court Championships Toowoomba, Australia Clay Singles - Doubles | Evonne Goolagong 6–3, 6–2 | Margaret Tesch | Patricia Coleman Kris Kemmer | Brenda Dale Ann Coleman Nancy Ornstein Wendy Turnbull | |
Citrus Bowl Invitation Vero Beach, United States Clay Singles - Doubles | Chris Evert 6–1, 6–1 | Judy Alvarez | Toni Kramer Bunny Smith | ||
Phoenix Thunderbird Open Phoenix Country Club Phoenix, United States Hard Singles - Doubles | Vicki Berner 6–3, 6–2 | Stephanie Tolleson | |||
South American Open Championships[212] Buenos Aires, Argentina Clay Singles - Doubles | Beatriz Araujo 6–4, 6–4 | Raquel Giscafré | Ana María Arias Ines Roget | Carmen Mandarino Graciela Morán Marta Fernandez Ruiz Alice Tym | |
Coral Beach Invitation Warwick, Bermuda Hard Singles - Doubles | Sally Fuller 6–2, 6–1 | Kay Hubbell | |||
Japan International Championships[213] Osaka, Japan Hard Singles - Doubles | Kazuko Sawamatsu 6–3, 7–5 | Kathy Harter | Kimiyo Hatanaka Eva Lundqvist | Mieko Enouchi Kazuko Kuromatsu Yang Jeong-soon Yaeko Matsuda | |
14 Nov. | Naples on the Gulf Tournament Naples, United States Clay Singles - Doubles | Susan Vinton 6–3, 8–6 | JoAnne Russell | ||
Dewar Cup Finals[214] London, Great Britain Carpet (i) Singles - Doubles | Francoise Durr 7–6, (6-4) 2–6, 6–2 | Ann Haydon Jones | Winnie Shaw Virginia Wade | Patti Hogan Betty Stöve Sharon Walsh Joyce Williams | |
15 Nov. | Chilean National Championships Santiago, Chile Clay Singles - Doubles | Michelle Rodriguez 6–3, 6–0 | Carmen Mandarino | Carmen Fernandez Leyla Musalem | Ana Cornejo Marcela Galleguillos Maria Ibarra Patricia Rivera |
Queensland Championships[215] Brisbane, Australia Grass Singles - Doubles | Evonne Goolagong 6–3, 6–2 | Kristien Kemmer | Nancy Ornstein Patty Ann Reese | Patricia Coleman Janet Fallis Margaret Tesch Janine Whyte | |
March of Dimes Fall Open San Diego, United States Hard Singles - Doubles | Janet Newberry 8–6, 6–1 | Marita Redondo | Vicki Jensen Chris Mattson | Sue Boyle Susan Hagey Terry Holladay Terri Thomas | |
21 Nov.[216] | Embassy British Indoor Championships London, Great Britain Carpet (i) Singles - Doubles | Billie Jean King 8–6, 3–6, 6–1 | Ann Haydon Jones | Françoise Dürr Virginia Wade | Corinne Molesworth Sharon Walsh Joyce Williams Val Ziegenfuss |
Southern Transvaal Championships Johannesburg, South Africa Hard Singles - Doubles | Brenda Kirk 6–4, 6–2 | Ilana Kloss | Pam Diepraam Marianna Brummer | ||
29 Nov. | South Queensland Open Championships Ipswich, Australia Grass Singles - Doubles | Janet Fallis 6–3, 3–6, 6–4 | Wendy Turnbull | ||
La Paz International La Paz, Bolivia Grass Singles - Doubles | Alice Tym 3–6, 6–2, 6–1 | Carlotta Velasco | Carmen Mandarino Michelle Boulle-Rodríguez | Maria Andrea Cardenas Beatrice Christman | |
Towpath Racquet Club Invitation Akron, United States Hard (i) Singles - Doubles | Andrea Larson 9–7, 4–6, 6–2 | Marnie Seifred | |||
Fort Worth Thanksgiving Tournament Fort Worth, United States Hard Singles - Doubles | Connie Capozzi 6–3, 6–3 | Janice Mauldin | |||
Sarasota Invitation Sarasota, United States Clay Singles - Doubles | Elaine Brackett 6–3, 6–3 | Linda Hall | |||
Sheraton Beach Championships Miami Beach, United States Hard Singles - Doubles | Pilar Herrero 6–4, 6–3 | Bunny Smith | Ariene Karasik Nancy Kirsten | ||
Scottish Covered Courts Championships Glasgow, Great Britain Hard (i) Singles - Doubles | Winnie Shaw 6–2, 6–3 | Lindsey Beaven | Marilyn Greenwood Margery Love | ||
December
Ended | Tournament | Winner | Finalist | Semi finalist | Quarter finalist |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 Dec. | Cochabamba International Cochabamba, Bolivia Clay Singles - Doubles | Michelle Boulle-Rodríguez 6–3, 6–0 | Beatrice Christman | Carmen Ibarra Carlota Velasco | |
6 Dec. | Coupe Albert Canet Paris, France Wood (i) Singles - Doubles | Janine Lieffrig 2–6, 7–5, 6–0 | Danièle Bouteleux | Jacqueline Berson Nathalie Fuchs | |
13 Dec. | Salvador Deik Memorial Invitation Santiago, Chile Clay Singles - Doubles | Carmen Fernandez 6–3, 6–0 | Leyla Musalem | Patricia Rivera Marisol Silva | |
13 Dec. | Colombo Championships Colombo, Sri Lanka Clay Singles - Doubles | Oosha Chanmugam 6–4, 6–3 | Srima Abeyegunawardena | Susima Abeyegunawardene Mala Fernando | |
17 Dec. | Hawaii Vass Championships Honolulu, United States Hard Singles - Doubles | Muriel Osborne 9–7, 4–6, 6–2 | Doris Hakman | ||
19 Dec.[217] | Orange Free State Championships Bloemfontein, South Africa Hard Singles - Doubles | Ceci Martinez 8–6, 6–3 | Tory Ann Fretz | Helen Amos K Truter | Ilana Kloss S Mclachlan Glenda Swan Elizabeth Truter |
26 Dec.[218] | South Australian Championships Adelaide, Australia Grass Singles - Doubles | Olga Morozova 6–4, 4–6, 9–7 | Kristien Kemmer | Kerry Harris Kazuko Sawamatsu | Dianne Berkinshaw Kimiyo Hatanaka Patti Hogan Patty Ann Reese |
26 Dec. | Border Championships East London, South Africa Hard Singles - Doubles | Ceci Martinez 8–6, 6–3 | Tory Ann Fretz | Greta Delport Alison McMillan | Helen Amos Daphne Botha Lynn Montgomery Rowena Whitehouse |
World rankings
These are the Top 10 World Rankings for 1970 by tennis journalists, magazines and authors. WTA Rankings did not begin until 1974/75.[219]
Lance Tingay[220] | Joseph McCauley[221] | Bud Collins[222] | Rino Tommasi[223] | Rex Bellamy[224] | Judith Elian[225] (L'Equipe) | Mike Gibson[226] | World Tennis Magazine[227] (Germany) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Season statistics
Singles
- Total Tournaments (214)
- Most Titles: Margaret Court (21)
- Most Finals: Margaret Court (27)
- Most Matches Played: Margaret Court (118)
- Most Matches Won: Margaret Court (112)
- Match Winning %: Margaret Court (94.9%) (minimum 40 matches)
- Most Tournaments Played: Evonne Goolagong (36)
- Most Head-to-Heads Meets: Francoise Durr v Virginia Wade (9)
Notes
- ^ Two editions of Nice International were held in 1970.
References
- ^ "History of the ITF: Foundation of International Lawn Tennis Federation 1913". www.itftennis.com. ITF. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
- ^ Fields, Sidney (27 Aug 1970). "Court On Court". New York Daily News. New York, New York: Wikipedia Library - Newspapers.Com. p. 349. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
- ^ Kimball, Warren F. (December 2017). The United States Tennis Association: Raising the Game. Lincoln, NE: U of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-1-4962-0462-2.
- ^ Carayol, Tumaini (22 September 2020). "'They won't buy tickets to see women': 50 years on from a tennis rebellion". The Guardian. London, England. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
- ^ The Guardian
- ^ King, Billie Jean; Starr, Cynthia (1988). "Birth of a Tour". In Regina Ryan (ed.). We Have Come a Long Way. Regina Ryan Publishing. pp. 116. ISBN 0-07-034625-9.
- ^ King & Starr, p. 120.
- ^ "'We've come a long way, baby' -- Honoring the 'Original 9' in 'Battle of the Sexes'". espnW. 20 September 2017. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
- ^ "Looking Back On The Original Nine". WTA Tennis. 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
- ^ The Guardian
- ^ The Guardian
- ^ The Guardian
- ^ The Guardian
- ^ The Guardian
- ^ "Tournaments: 1970". WTA. London, England: Women's Tennis Association. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- ^ Collins, Bud (2010). The Bud Collins History of Tennis (2nd ed.). [New York]: New Chapter Press. p. 396. ISBN 978-0942257700.
- ^ "Margaret Smith (AUS) - Ladies' Singles" (PDF). Wimbledon. AELTC. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
- ^ "U.S, Open 1970 Women's Singles". ITF. London, England: International Tennis Federation. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- ^ "History : Grand Slam All-Time Champions". US Open. New York City: USTA. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- ^ "World Tennis Circuit 1971: 20 new tournaments to be added to the world circuit next year, those added, would be selected from the British and European, African, South American, Australasia, and Asian circuits". The Scotsman. Midlothian, Scotland: British Newspaper Archive. 24 February 1970. p. 20. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
- ^ New York Daily News. 27 Aug 1970. p.349.
- ^ The Scotsman (Feb 1970) p.20.
- ^ The Scotsman (Feb 1970) p.20.
- ^ The Scotsman (Feb 1970) p.20.
- ^ Maddrey, John (6 Mar 1970). "Talent Scout Seeks Chris and Laurie". Fort Lauderdale News. Fort Lauderdale, FL: Wikipedia Library - Newspapers.Com. p. 33. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
- ^ "Tennis Post for Grissilo". Reno Gazette-Journal. Reno NV: Wikipedia Library - Newspapers.Com. 18 May 1970. p. 14. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
- ^ "Federation Cup Troubles". The Guardian. London, England: Wikipedia Library - Newspapers.Com. 10 Dec 1969. p. 69. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
- ^ The Scotsman (Feb 1970) p.20.
- ^ "Stillwell and Cox Fight On". Liverpool Daily Post. Liverpool, England: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 1 Jan 1970. p. 11. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- ^ "Tennis: Hosts Unkind to Guests". The Province. Vancouver, Canada: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 5 Jan 1970. p. 14. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- ^ "Russian In Tennis Final". Evening Post. Liverpool, England: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 3 Jan 1970. p. 14. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- ^ "Battrick Gains a Title". Western Daily Press. Bristol, England: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 5 Jan 1970. p. 2. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- ^ "Lawn Tennis". The Birmingham Post. Birmingham, England: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 5 Jan 1970. p. 21. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- ^ "Shorts Shorts". Orlando Evening Star. Orlando, United States: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 10 Jan 1970. p. 11. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- ^ "Tennis NZ Roll of Honour" (PDF). Tennis Kiwi. Tennis New Zealand. 2020. pp. 18, 19, 20. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
- ^ "Tennis Round Up". Birmingham Weekly Mercury. Birmingham, England: British Newspaper Archive. 11 January 1970. p. 40. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- ^ "Chris Evert Rolls At Palm Beach". Fort Lauderdale News. Fort Lauderdale: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 12 Jan 1970. p. 54. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ "Ann Jones Trims Peaches In Western Tennis Final". The Courier-Journal. Louisville: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 18 Jan 1970. p. 45. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ "People and Sports". Lancaster New Era. Lancaster, Pennsylvania: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 19 Jan 1970. p. 24. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ "Florida Champ". The Bellingham Herald. Bellingham, Washington: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 19 Jan 1970. p. 6. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ "Britons Win Titles". Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Huddersfield, England: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 26 Jan 1970. p. 10. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ Tournaments: 1970. WTA
- ^ "Lawn Tennis: Joyce Triumphs". The Guardian. London, England: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 31 Jan 1970. p. 17. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ "British Double". Manchester Evening News. Manchester, England: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 2 Feb 1970. p. 20. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ Wechsler, Bob (2008). Day by Day in Jewish Sports History. Brooklyn, New York: KTAV Publishing House, Inc. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-88125-969-8.
- ^ Barrett, John; Tingay, Lance; West, Peter (1971). World of Tennis 1971 : a BP yearbook. London: Queen Anne Press. p. 293. ISBN 978-0-362-00091-7.
- ^ Barrett, John; Tingay, Lance; West, Peter (1971). World of Tennis 1971 : a BP yearbook. London: Queen Anne Press. p. 240. ISBN 978-0-362-00091-7.
- ^ "VANDERBILT TENNIS OFFERS SIDELIGHTS". The New York Times. New York City. 1 February 1970. p. 7. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
- ^ "Mrs Ling Loses Match". The Shreveport Journal. Shreveport: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 16 Feb 1970. p. 12. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ "Louise Gonnerman Bows In Indoor Tennis Final". The Record. Hackensack, New Jersey: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 16 Feb 1970. p. 27. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ "Lawn Tennis: Nice. Marilyn Greenwood Britain was beaten was beaten 6-4, 6-3 by American Pamela Austin in the women's singles final the Nice tennis tournament yesterday". Hull Daily Mail. Yorkshire, England: British Newspaper Archive. 16 February 1970. p. 10. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ Moritz, Charles (1971). "Evonne Goolagong". Current Biography Yearbook, 1971. New York City: H.W. Wilson Company. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-8242-0463-1.
- ^ "Miss Walsh Wins Stockton Tennis". Daily Independent Journal. San Rafael, California: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 23 Feb 1970. p. 26. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ "Mary Curtis Beats Angry L.A. Tennist". The Spokesman-Review. Spokane, Washington: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 25 Feb 1970. p. 18. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ "Miss Curtis U.S. Indoor Tennis Champ". The Sheboygan Press. Sheboygan, Wisconsin: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 2 Mar 1970. p. 28. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ Barrett, John; Tingay, Lance; West, Peter (1971). World of Tennis 1971 : a BP yearbook. London: Queen Anne Press. p. 239. ISBN 978-0-362-00091-7.
- ^ Barrett, John; Tingay, Lance; West, Peter (1971). World of Tennis 1971 : a BP yearbook. London: Queen Anne Press. p. 283. ISBN 978-0-362-00091-7.
- ^ Barrett, John; Tingay, Lance; West, Peter (1971). World of Tennis 1971 : a BP yearbook. London: Queen Anne Press. p. 245. ISBN 978-0-362-00091-7.
- ^ "Tennis: Caracas - Venezuela". Lexington Herald-Leader. Lexington, Kentucky: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 16 Mar 1970. p. 13. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
- ^ "Menton Tennis Tourney". Tampa Bay Times. St. Petersburgh, Florida: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 17 Mar 1970. p. 30. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
- ^ Barrett, John; Tingay, Lance (1971). World of Tennis '71 : a BP yearbook. London: Queen Anne's Press. p. 280. ISBN 978-0-362-00091-7.
- ^ "Tennis Results". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 22 Mar 1970. p. 51. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
- ^ "Mexican Star Turns Back Benavides". Corpus Christi Caller-Times. Corpus Christi, Texas: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 31 Mar 1970. p. 20. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
- ^ "Profile: Lourdes Gongora Team: Mexico". Olympic Games. International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- ^ "Battrick Wins Singles Title". The Guardian Journal. Nottingham, England: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 31 Mar 1970. p. 10. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
- ^ "Player Profile: Mable Vrancovich - Argentina". ITF. International Tennis Federation. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- ^ "Ashe Survives Fairlie's Upset Bid To Win Jacsksonville Tennis Crown". Daily Press. Newport News, Virginia: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 30 Mar 1970. p. 13. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
- ^ Barrett, John; Tingay, Lance (1971). "National and International Tournaments". World of Tennis 71: A BP Year Book. London: Queen Anne's Press. p. 287. ISBN 0362000913.
- ^ "Mandelstam Upsets Harum in Royal Palm". The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida: Wikipedia Library - newspapers.com. 30 Mar 1970. p. 68. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
- ^ "Juniors In Command". Liverpool Daily Post. Liverpool, England: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 1 Apr 1970. p. 7. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ Barrett, John; Tingay, Lance; West, Peter (1971). World of Tennis 1971 : a BP yearbook. London: Queen Anne Press. p. 282. ISBN 978-0-362-00091-7.
- ^ "Tennis". The San Francisco Examiner. San Francisco, California: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 5 Apr 1970. p. 47. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
- ^ "Lawn Tennis: Stalybridge: Joyce Williams won the women's singles final of the En-tout-Cass tournament at Stalybridge today. This victory in the second in the circuit for the En-tout-Cass trophy was revenge for last Tuesday's defeat at the hands of Miss Goolagong". Ireland's Saturday Night. Antrim, Northern Ireland: British Newspaper Archive. 4 April 1970. p. 3. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- ^ "Sports at a Glance". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Honolulu, Hawaii: The Wikipedia Library: Newspapers.Com. 5 Apr 1970. p. 70. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
- ^ Barrett, John; Tingay, Lance; West, Peter (1971). World of Tennis 1971 : a BP yearbook. London: Queen Anne Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-362-00091-7.
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- ^ Schoucair, Nohad Victor. "1970 International September 6". Beirut, Lebanon: Lebanon International Tennis. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
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- ^ Barrett, John. Tingay, Lance. West, Peter. (1971) pp.272, 273.
- ^ Daily Mirror 23 Oct 1970
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- ^ Barrett, John. Tingay, Lance. West, Peter. (1971) pp.272, 273.
- ^ Barrett, John. Tingay, Lance. West, Peter. (1971) p.291.
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- ^ Fort Lauderdale News 25 Oct 1970, Sun · Page 63
- ^ Barrett, John. Tingay, Lance. West, Peter. (1971) pp.272, 273.
- ^ Barrett, John. Tingay, Lance. West, Peter. (1971) pp.272, 273.
- ^ Merritt, Robert (9 Nov 1970). "Mrs King Records Victory In Virginia Slims Tourney". Richmond Times-Dispatch. The Wikipedia Library - Newspapers.Com. p. 23. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
- ^ Barrett, John. Tingay, Lance. West, Peter. (1971) p.281.
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- ^ Barrett, John. Tingay, Lance. West, Peter. (1971) pp.272, 273.
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- ^ "About the WTA - THE WTA STORY 1974". Women's Tennis Association. WTA Official. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ Barrett, John, ed. (1990). World Of Tennis. London: Collins Willow. pp. 237–238. ISBN 9780002183550.
- ^ McCauley, Joseph (December 1970). "The 1970 World Rankings". World Tennis. Vol. 18, no. 7. New York. pp. 32, 41.
- ^ Collins, Bud; Hollander, Zander (1997). Bud Collins' Tennis Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). Detroit: Visible Ink Press. pp. 655–658. ISBN 978-1578590001.
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- ^ The Times (London), 22 December 1970, p. 12
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Sources
- Barrett, John and Tingay, Lance (1971) World Tennis 1971 A BP Year Book of. Queen Anne Press. London. England.
- Newspapers.com by Ancestry. Historical Newspaper Archive 1700s to 2000s Lindon, Utah, United States. via the Wikipedia Library.
Further reading
- Barrett, John. Tingay, Lance. The World of Tennis Year Book Annuals 1969 to 2001.London, England.
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- WTA Tennis Association