1979 eruption of Mount Marapi

Volcanic eruption in West Sumatra, Indonesia

0°22′48″S 100°28′27″E / 0.3800°S 100.4742°E / -0.3800; 100.4742Impact80^[1]^[2] (possibly up to 100^[3]) deaths, many injured^[1]

On 30 April 1979, Mount Marapi, a complex volcano on the Indonesian island of Sumatra and the most active complex volcano in West Sumatra province,^[4] erupted,^[5] killing between 80^[1]^[2] and 100 people.^[6]

Due to its proximity to populated areas, the volcano is recognised as a significant hazard.^[4]

Events

The 1979 eruption followed earthquakes and torrential rain.^[7] Due to either the rain or a gas explosion in the interior of the volcano, tons of rock broke out of the crater wall and rolled down the volcano's slopes.^[8]^[3] Mountain streams became blocked, causing floods that swept away roads, bridges, seven villages and hundreds of houses.^[9]^[1] Rice fields were buried under mud, uprooted trees and pieces of stone.^[2] In the village of Pasir Lawas [ceb], 20 bodies were found and 40 houses were destroyed by mud and boulders.^[7] Rescue work was hampered by extensive damage to roads, buildings and rice fields.^[1]

It was the second volcanic eruption in Indonesia in 1979, after the 1979 eruption of Sinila crater of the Dieng Volcanic Complex on Java in February. On the plateau near the Sinila crater, 149 people died of gas poisoning in Pekisaran village.^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Vulkaan barst uit: tientallen doden op Sumatra". Het Vrije Volk (in Dutch). 1 May 1979 – via Delpher.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Merapi eist 80 levens bij uitbarsting". Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch). 2 May 1979 – via Delpher.
^ ^a ^b "Pre-historische Toba-ramp maakte verrukkelijk meer". De Telegraaf (in Dutch). 5 May 1979 – via Delpher.
^ ^a ^b Nurjana, Rahma (4 December 2023). "Scores stranded as villages blanketed by ash after Indonesia's Marapi volcano erupts". MSN. USA Today. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
^ Pusat Meteorologi dan Geofisika (1979), Laporan bencana alam Gunung Marapi, Sumatera Barat, tanggal 30 April 1979 (in Indonesian), Jakarta: [s.n.], retrieved 4 December 2023
^ "Pre-historische Toba-ramp maakte verrukkelijk meer". De Telegraaf (in Dutch). 5 May 1979 – via Delpher.
^ ^a ^b "70 doden door vulkaan op Sumatra". NRC Handelsblad (in Dutch). 1 May 1979 – via Delpher.
^ "Aardschuiving eist 77 levens op Sumatra". De Volkskrant (in Dutch). 2 May 1979 – via Delpher.
^ "Vulkaan-eruptie op Sumatra: zeker 77 doden". Nieuwsblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). 1 May 1979 – via Delpher.
^ "Tientallen doden bij vulkaanuitbarsting op Sumatra". Vrije Stem (in Dutch). 3 May 1979 – via Delpher.