1984 Individual Speedway World Championship

Motorcycle speedway world championship season

The 1984 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 39th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.[1][2][3]

Without former champions Ivan Mauger, Ole Olsen, Peter Collins, Michael Lee, and Bruce Penhall, the 1984 World Final, held for the eighth time at the Ullevi Stadium in Göteborg, Sweden, was seen by some as the battle of the second tier riders. Though history would ultimately prove the first and second placed riders as among the best Motorcycle speedway has ever seen, winning every World Final between them until the end of the 1980s.[4]

Dane Erik Gundersen won his first Speedway World Championship from countryman Hans Nielsen who defeated American Lance King in a run-off for second and third places. Defending champion Egon Müller of West Germany could not reproduce his 1983 World Final form and finished 14th with just 3 points from his 5 rides. 1983 runner-up Billy Sanders of Australia, the track record holder at Ullevi, fared marginally better, finishing 11th with just 5 points.[5]

First round

British qualification

Date Venue Winner 2nd 3rd
Preliminary Round
8 April Mildenhall Stadium, Mildenhall Richard Knight Kevin Jolly Robert Henry
8 April Boston Sports Stadium, Boston Dave Perks Colin Cook Steve Lomas
10 April Wessex Stadium, Weymouth Marvyn Cox Martin Yeates Alun Rossiter
13 April Powderhall Stadium, Edinburgh Kenny McKinna Dave Trownson Charlie McKinna
17 April Milton Keynes Stadium, Milton Keynes Trevor Banks Barry Thomas Keith White
Quarter-Final
29 April The Shay, Halifax Kevin Jolly Marvyn Cox Barry Thomas

Swedish qualification

  • Top 6 in each heat to Swedish final
(6 May, Gamla Målilla Motorstadion
Målilla)
Pos Rider Points
1 Björn Andersson 14
2 Anders Kling 13
3 Alf Trofast 11
4 Hans Danielsson 11
5 Mikael Blixt 11
6 Lillebror Johansson 10
7 Kenneth Nyström 10
8 Erik Stenlund 9
9 Hans Wahlström 7
10 Tony Gudbrand 6
11 Thomas Hydling 5
12 Conny Ivarsson 5
13 Gert Carlsson 4
14 Dick Jegård 2
15 Tommy Celander 1
16 Roger Gustavsson 0
(5 May, Linköping Motorstadion
Linköping)
Pos Rider Points
1 Jan Andersson 15
2 Per Jonsson 14
3 Uno Johansson 11
4 Mikael Aniander 11
5 Tommy Johansson 11
6 Patrik Karlsson 8
7 Göran Waltersson 8
8 Lars Andersson 8
9 Jan Davidsson 8
10 [Jan Ericsson 7
11 Tony Olsson 7
12 Mikael Reinholdsson 4
13 Åke Fridell 3
14 Bengt Jansson 2
15 Sören Brolin 2
16 Mats Olsson 0
(6 May, Orionparken Stadium
Hallstavik)
Pos Rider Points
1 Pierre Brannefors 15
2 Leif Wahlman 13
3 Mikael Messing 12
4 Tommy Nilsson 12
5 Magnus Jonsson 11
6 Lars Hammarberg 9
7 Börje Ring 9
8 Per-Ove Gudmundsson 9
9 Ulf Blomqvist 7
10 Lars Ericsson 6
11 Patric Ericsson 6
12 Kent Rickardsson 4
13 Niclas Johansson 3
14 Jimmie Magnusson 2
15 Stefan Karlsson 1
16 Mikael Löfqvist 1

Second round

Continental preliminary round

Date Venue Winner 2nd 3rd
22 April Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Matija Gubec Stadium, Krško Poland Edward Jancarz West Germany Georg Gilgenreiner Poland Jerzy Rembas
22 April Hungary Hajdú Volán Stadion, Debrecen Czechoslovakia Jiří Štancl Poland Wojciech Żabiałowicz Hungary János Oreskó
22 April Czechoslovakia Slaný Speedway Stadium, Slaný Czechoslovakia Václav Verner Poland Maciej Jaworek Czechoslovakia Stanislav Urban
22 April West Germany Olching Speedwaybahn, Olching West Germany Josef Aigner West Germany Peter Wurtele Italy Armando Castagna

British semi-finals

Pos. Rider Points
1 Michael Lee 15
2 Chris Morton 13
3 Phil Collins 12
4 Les Collins 11
5 Dave Jessup 9
6 Jeremy Doncaster 9
7 Mark Courtney 9
8 John Davis 8
9 Gordon Kennett 8
10 Kevin Smith 7
11 Kevin Jolly 6
12 Colin Richardson 5
13 Kenny McKinna 4
14 Alun Rossiter 3
15 Barry Thomas 1
16 John Barker 0
Pos. Rider Points
1 Neil Evitts 12+3
2 Andy Grahame 12+2
3 Kenny Carter 11
4 Martin Yeates 10
5 John Louis 10
6 Alan Grahame 10
7 Malcolm Simmons 10
8 Peter Collins 9
9 Simon Wigg 8
10 Marvyn Cox 7
11 Steve Bastable 7
12 Neil Collins 5
13 Richard Knight 3
14 Dave Perks 3
15 Colin Cook 2
16 Sean Willmott 1

Third round

Continental quarter-finals

  • Top 32 to Continental semi-finals
Date Venue Winner 2nd 3rd
5 May Poland Stadion Wybrzeże, Gdańsk Czechoslovakia Antonín Kasper Jr. Poland Boleslaw Proch Czechoslovakia Petr Ondrašík
5 May West Germany Ellermühle Stadium, Landshut West Germany Egon Muller West Germany Karl Maier Czechoslovakia Jiří Štancl
6 May Austria Stadion Wiener Neustadt West Germany Josef Aigner Poland Andrzej Huszcza West Germany Alois Wiesböck
6 May Hungary Napos út, Szeged Soviet Union Mikhail Starostin Poland Edward Jancarz Czechoslovakia Aleš Dryml Sr.

British Final

Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21
1 England (5) Kenny Carter 13 3 3 1 3 3 13 1
2 England (10) Andy Grahame 12 3 2 3 1 3 12 2
3 England (15) Dave Jessup 11 2 3 2 2 2 11 3
4 England (4) Les Collins 10 2 3 1 3 1 10 4
5 England (2) Martin Yeates 10 1 3 3 1 2 10 5
6 England (1) Alan Grahame 9 3 3 0 3 T 9 6
7 England (3) Simon Wigg 8 E 0 3 2 3 8 7
8 England (7) Jeremy Doncaster 8 0 2 2 1 3 8 8
9 England (14) Peter Collins 7 1 1 1 2 2 7 9 3
10 England (16) Neil Evitts 7 3 2 2 0 0 7 10 2
11 England (11) Gordon Kennett 6 2 1 1 2 0 6 11
12 England (9) Chris Morton 5 E 1 2 1 1 5 12
13 England (13) John Louis 4 X 2 0 0 2 4 13
14 England (8) Phil Collins 3 X 0 E 3 E 3 14
15 England (12) John Davis 3 1 1 0 0 1 3 15
16 England (6) Mark Courtney 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 16
R1 England (R1) Kevin Hawkins 1 1 1 R1
Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside gate B gate C gate D - outside

American Final

  • 9 June 1984
  • United States Veterans Memorial Stadium, Long Beach,
  • First 3 to Overseas final plus 1 reserve
Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21
1 United States (11) Bobby Schwartz 15 3 3 3 3 3 15 1
2 United States (6) Kelly Moran 14 3 3 2 3 3 14 2
3 United States (12) Shawn Moran 13 2 3 3 3 2 13 3
4 United States (1) Lance King 11 3 3 1 1 3 11 4
5 United States (4) John Cook 10 2 2 3 2 1 10 5
6 United States (7) Rick Miller 10 1 2 2 2 3 10 6
7 United States (13) Mike Faria 9 3 2 1 2 1 9 7
8 United States (8) Sam Ermolenko 6 2 E 3 0 1 6 8
9 United States (5) Robert Pfetzing 6 0 1 2 3 F 6 9
10 United States (15) Mike Curosco 5 1 1 0 1 2 5 10
11 United States (14) Dennis Sigalos 4 2 2 F - - 4 11
12 United States (3) Brad Oxley 3 0 E 2 1 0 3 12
13 United States (9) Buddy Robinson 3 0 0 1 0 2 3 13
14 United States (2) John Sandoma 4 1 0 1 1 1 4 14
15 United States (10) Dubb Farrell 2 1 1 0 0 0 2 15
16 United States (16) Alan Christian 0 X - - - - 0 16
R1 United States (R1) Jim Lawson 4 0 0 2 2 4 R1
R2 United States (R2) Keith Christo 1 1 0 1 R2
Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside gate B gate C gate D - outside

Australian Final

  • 29 January 1984
  • Australia Olympic Park, Mildura
  • First 2 to Overseas final plus 1 reserve
Pos. Rider Heat Scores Total
1 Phil Crump (3,3,3,3,3) 15
2 Billy Sanders (3,2,3,2,3) 13
3 Gary Guglielmi (F,3,3,3,2) 11
4 John Titman (3,3,2,1,1) 10
5 Rod Hunter (0,2,2,3,3) 10
6 Steve Regeling (1,3,0,3,2) 9
7 Steve Baker (2,F,1,2,3) 8
8 Stan Bear (2,1,0,2,2) 7
9 Glyn Taylor (3,2,0,F,1) 6
10 Mark Fiora (1,1,3,0,0) 5
11 David Jackson (2,2,1,F,X) 5
12 Ray Palmer (2,X,2,0,1) 5
13 Brent Nott (0,2,2,1,0) 5
14 David Cheshire (1,0,0,1,2) 4
15 Ashley Norton (F,-,-,-,-) 0
16 John McNeill (-,-,-,-,-) 0
R1 Greg Barrett (1,1,1,0) 3
18 Chris Schmidt (0,1,0,1,0) 2

New Zealand Final

Pos. Rider Total
1 Mitch Shirra 15
2 Larry Ross 14
3 David Bargh 13
4 Barry Briggs 11
5 Alan Mason 11
6 Peter Nightingale 9
7 Chris Martin 9
8 Mike Fullerton 8
9 Robin Hampton 7
10 Alan Fisher 6
11 Greg de Kok 5
12 Steve Duckworth 5
13 Alan Crosbie 4
14 Wayne Brown 2
15 Greg Holloway 1
16 Mark Richards 0

Danish Final

Date Winner 2nd 3rd
6 May Bo Petersen Erik Gundersen Hans Nielsen

Norwegian Final

Pos. Rider Total
1 Tormod Langli 15
2 Einar Kyllingstad 13+3
3 Roy Otto 13+2
4 Ingvar Skogland 11
5 Dag Haland 11
6 Arne Svendsen 9
7 Kurt Ualand 8
8 Willy Tjessem 8
9 Asgeir Bjerga 7
10 Geir Aasland 7

Finland Final

Pos. Rider Total
1 Ari Koponen 15
2 Juha Moksunen 14
3 Olli Tyrvainen 13
4 Kai Niemi 11
5 Pekka Hautamaki 11
6 Heimo Kaikko 11
7 Esa Mattila 9
8 Jorma Reima 8
9 Seppo Keskinen 8
10 Henry Kivela 5
11 Ossi Henriksson 3
12 Hannu Larronmaa 3
13 Harri Lankinen 3
14 Pentti Kallio (res) 3
15 Veli Pekka Kunelius 2
16 Rauli Makinen 1
17 Isto Maja 0

Swedish Finals

Pos. Rider R1 R2 R3 Total
1 Jan Andersson 15 15 14 44
2 Pierre Brannefors 12 14 14 40
3 Björn Andersson 13 12 11 36
4 Mikael Blixt 11 12 9 32
5 Tommy Nilsson 12 10 8 30
6 Leif Wahlman 7 10 8 25+3
7 Per Jonsson 8 6 11 25+2
8 Patrik Karlsson 8 9 7 24
9 Hans Danielsson 8 8 8 24
10 Alf Trofast 6 8 8 22
11 Uno Johansson 4 6 8 18
12 Anders Kling 5 3 4 12
13 Göran Waltersson 2 2 4 8
14 Magnus Jonsson 4 2 0 6
15 Lillebror Johansson 5 - - 5
16 Mikael Aniander 0 3 0 3

Fourth round

Continental semi-finals

Pos. Rider Points
1 West Germany Egon Müller 14
2 Czechoslovakia Jiří Štancl 12
3 West Germany Karl Maier 12
4 Czechoslovakia Václav Verner 12
5 West Germany Peter Würtele 10
6 West Germany Georg Hack 10
7 West Germany Josef Aigner 9
8 Netherlands Henny Kroeze 8
9 Poland Andrzej Huszcza 7
10 Italy Armando Dal Chiele 7
11 Poland Roman Jankowski 5
12 Poland Leonard Raba 4
13 Soviet Union Igor Stolyarov 4
14 Poland Jan Krzystyniak 3
15 Italy Armando Castagna 3
16 Czechoslovakia Emil Sova 0
Pos. Rider Points
1 Poland Zenon Kasprzak 13
2 Czechoslovakia Petr Ondrašík 11
3 Czechoslovakia Lubomir Jedek 11
4 Soviet Union Michail Starostin 11
5 Czechoslovakia Aleš Dryml Sr. 10
6 Poland Edward Jancarz 9
7 Czechoslovakia Zdeněk Schneiderwind 9
8 Poland Zenon Plech 8+3
9 Poland Boleslaw Proch 8+2
10 Hungary Istvan Rusz 8+1
11 Czechoslovakia Antonín Kasper Jr. 6
12 Poland Wojciech Zabialowicz 5
13 West Germany Fritz Bauer 5
14 Czechoslovakia Petr Kucera 4
15 Soviet Union Gennady Potechin 1

Nordic Final

Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21
1 Denmark (13) Hans Nielsen 14 2 3 3 3 3 14 1
2 Denmark (11) Erik Gundersen 12 3 2 3 2 2 12 2
3 Sweden (15) Mikael Blixt 11 3 1 1 3 3 11 3 3
4 Sweden (5) Jan Andersson 11 3 X 3 2 3 11 4 2
5 Finland (14) Kai Niemi 11 1 3 3 3 1 11 5 1
6 Denmark (3) Bo Petersen 11 1 3 2 3 2 11 6 0
7 Sweden (2) Tommy Nilsson 10 3 2 2 X 3 10 7
8 Finland (8) Ari Koponen 8 2 2 1 1 2 8 8
9 Denmark (16) Peter Ravn 7 0 3 2 0 2 7 9
10 Denmark (1) Jens Rasmussen 7 2 2 0 2 1 7 10
11 Sweden (6) Pierre Brannefors 6 1 1 1 2 1 6 11
12 Sweden (12) Bjorn Andersson 4 2 1 0 1 0 4 12
13 Denmark (10) John Eskildsen 3 F X 2 1 0 3 13
14 Finland (4) Pekka Hautamaki 2 0 0 1 1 0 2 14
15 Norway (9) Einar Kyllingstad 2 1 1 0 0 0 2 15
16 Norway (7) Ray Otto 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 16
R1 Sweden (R1) Patrick Karsson 0 0 0 R1
Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside gate B gate C gate D - outside

Overseas Final

  • 15 July 1984
  • England Hyde Road, Manchester
  • First 10 to the Intercontinental Final plus 1 reserve
Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21
1 United States (2) Lance King 15 3 3 3 3 3 15 1
2 Australia (7) Phil Crump 12 3 3 3 2 1 12 2
3 United States (10) Shawn Moran 11 3 E 3 2 3 11 3
4 Australia (4) Billy Sanders 10 1 3 1 3 2 10 4
5 England (8) Alan Grahame 10 2 2 1 3 2 10 5
6 New Zealand (9) Mitch Shirra 9 1 3 3 2 0 9 6
7 England (11) Kenny Carter 8 2 2 3 0 1 8 7
8 England (14) Simon Wigg 8 1 1 2 1 3 8 8
9 New Zealand (16) Larry Ross 7 2 1 1 1 2 7 9
10 United States (5) Kelly Moran 6 1 1 2 2 0 6 10 3
11 England (15) Les Collins 6 3 1 0 1 1 6 11 2
12 England (13) Jeremy Doncaster 5 X 0 E 2 3 5 12
13 England (1) Andy Grahame 5 2 1 2 0 0 5 13
14 United States (12) Bobby Schwartz 3 0 0 1 E 2 3 14
15 England (6) Dave Jessup 3 0 2 0 0 1 3 15
16 England (3) Martin Yeates 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16
R1 United States (R1) John Cook 0 0 R1
Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside gate B gate C gate D - outside

Fifth round

Continental Final

Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21
1 West Germany (14) Egon Muller 14 2 3 3 3 3 14 1 3
2 West Germany (5) Karl Maier 14 3 3 3 3 2 14 2 2
3 Czechoslovakia (2) Jiří Štancl 11 3 2 2 3 1 11 3 3
4 Czechoslovakia (11) Václav Verner 11 3 3 2 2 1 11 4 2
5 Poland (9) Edward Jancarz 10 2 2 2 2 2 10 5
6 Czechoslovakia (16) Petr Ondrašík 9 0 1 3 2 3 9 6
7 West Germany (6) Georg Hack 8 1 F 1 3 3 8 7
8 Czechoslovakia (13) Aleš Dryml Sr. 7 1 1 2 1 2 7 8
9 Czechoslovakia (8) Lubomir Jedek 6 0 3 1 0 2 6 9
10 Netherlands (10) Henny Kroeze 6 F 1 3 1 1 6 10
11 Soviet Union (7) Mikhail Starostin 6 2 2 F 2 0 6 11
12 Poland (4) Andrzej Huszcza 4 1 2 1 X 0 4 12
13 Poland (15) Zenon Plech 3 3 0 F X - 3 13
14 Czechoslovakia (1) Zdenek Schneiderwind 2 2 F 0 0 0 2 14
15 West Germany (3) Peter Wurtele 1 0 1 0 - X 1 15
16 Poland (12) Zenon Kasprzak 1 1 0 - - - 1 16
R1 Poland (R1) Boleslaw Proch 5 1 1 3 5 R1
Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside gate B gate C gate D - outside

Intercontinental Final

Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21
1 United States (12) Shawn Moran 13 3 3 2 3 2 13 1
2 England (10) Simon Wigg 12 1 2 3 3 3 12 2
3 United States (9) Lance King 11 2 3 2 2 2 11 3
4 Denmark (14) Bo Petersen 9 3 3 0 2 1 9 4
5 New Zealand (15) Mitch Shirra 9 1 3 1 3 1 9 5
6 United States (5) Kelly Moran 8 3 F 3 2 0 8 6
7 Finland (16) Kai Niemi 8 2 0 3 0 3 8 7
8 Denmark (13) Hans Nielsen 8 0 E 2 3 3 8 8
9 Denmark (8) Erik Gundersen 8 2 2 3 1 0 8 9
10 Sweden (1) Jan Andersson 7 2 2 1 0 2 7 10
11 Australia (11) Billy Sanders 7 0 1 2 2 2 7 11
12 England (4) Alan Grahame 6 1 1 1 0 3 6 12 3
13 England (3) Kenny Carter 6 3 0 1 1 1 6 13 2
14 Australia (7) Phil Crump 5 1 2 0 1 1 5 14
15 New Zealand (2) Larry Ross 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 15
16 Sweden (6) Mikael Blixt 1 F 0 0 1 0 1 16
Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside gate B gate C gate D - outside

World Final

Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21
1 Denmark (5) Erik Gundersen 14 2 3 3 3 3 14 1
2 Denmark (3) Hans Nielsen 13 3 3 3 1 3 13 2 3
3 United States (14) Lance King 13 3 3 2 3 2 13 3 2
4 United States (10) Kelly Moran 11 2 2 2 2 3 11 4
5 New Zealand (7) Mitch Shirra 10 3 2 1 1 3 10 5
6 England (11) Simon Wigg 9 3 1 2 3 0 9 6
7 Denmark (2) Bo Petersen 9 2 1 2 2 2 9 7
8 United States (6) Shawn Moran 7 1 0 3 1 2 7 8
9 West Germany (12) Karl Maier 7 0 3 1 2 1 7 9
10 Sweden (4) Jan Andersson 6 0 2 3 0 1 6 10
11 Australia (1) Billy Sanders 5 1 2 1 0 1 5 11
12 Finland (9) Kai Niemi 4 1 1 0 2 0 4 12
13 Czechoslovakia (16) Petr Ondrašík 3 2 0 0 E 1 3 13
14 West Germany (8) Egon Muller 3 0 1 1 1 F 3 14
15 Czechoslovakia (13) Jiří Štancl 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 15
16 Czechoslovakia (15) Václav Verner 0 0 0 E - - 0 16
R1 England (R1) Alan Grahame 5 3 2 5 R1
Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside gate B gate C gate D - outside

References

  1. ^ "HISTORY SPEEDWAY and LONGTRACK". Speedway.org. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  2. ^ "Speedway riders, history and results". wwosbackup. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  3. ^ "WORLD INDIVIDUAL FINAL - RIDER INDEX". British Speedway. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  4. ^ "WORLD FINALS 1936-1994" (PDF). Speedway Researcher. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  5. ^ "World Championship 1936-1994". Edinburgh Speedway. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  6. ^ Bamford, R. & Shailes, G. (2002). A History of the World Speedway Championship. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. ISBN 0-7524-2402-5