1986 Individual Speedway World Championship

Motorcycle speedway world championship season

The 1986 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 41st edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.[1][2][3][4]

Hans Nielsen finally won his first world title after finishing in second place during the two previous Championships. He lost his first ride to arch rival and defending champion Erik Gundersen but then won his next four rides to be crowned the champion. Fellow Dane Jan O. Pedersen took silver and England's Kelvin Tatum took the bronze while Gundersen faded into tenth place.[5]

It was the fourth final to be held at the Silesian Stadium in Poland.[6]

First round

British qualification

  • Riders progress to British semi-finals
Date Venue Winner 2nd 3rd
Preliminary Round
8 April Milton Keynes Stadium, Milton Keynes Malcolm Simmons Barry Thomas Andy Campbell
9 April Wimbledon Stadium, London Dave Jessup Andrew Silver Roger Johns
Quarter-Finals
13 April Berrington Lough Stadium, Berwick Paul Thorp Rob Grant Paul Stead
13 April Boston Sports Stadium, Boston Doug Wyer Les Collins Andy Hines
15 April Wimborne Road, Poole Steve Schofield Neil Middleditch Eric Monaghan
27 April King's Lynn Stadium, King's Lynn Andy Campbell Steve Schofield Les Collins

Second round

British semi-finals

Pos. Rider Points
1 Alan Grahame 14
2 Phil Collins 10
3 Richard Knight 10
4 Kelvin Tatum 10
5 Malcolm Simmons 9
6 John Davis 9
7 Andrew Silver 9
8 Marvyn Cox 9
9 Peter Collins
10 Andy Smith
11 Neil Collins
12 Peter Carr
13 Sean Willmott
14 Steve Schofield
15 Martin Hagon
Pos. Rider Points
1 Simon Wigg 14
2 Jeremy Doncaster 14
3 Neil Evitts 13
4 Chris Morton 11
5 Simon Cross 10
6 Paul Thorp 9
7 Kenny Carter 8
8 Carl Blackbird 8
9 Louis Carr 8
10 Les Collins 7
11 Andy Grahame 6
12 Kenny McKinna 5
13 Andy Campbell 3
14 Alan Mogridge 3
15 Andy Hines 1
16 Michael Lee 0

Swedish qualification

  • Top 8 in heat 1, top 7 in heat 2 to Swedish final
(1 May, Gislaved Motorbana, Gislaved)
Pos Rider Points
1 Tommy Nilsson 15
2 Per Jonsson `3
3 Patrik Karlsson 12
4 Conny Ivarsson 11
5 Dennis Löfqvist 10
6 Roland Dannö 10
7 Anders Kling 9
8 Tommy Lindgren 8
9 Patrik Åhlund 7
10 Mikael Löfqvist 5
11 Christer Jonsson 5
12 Jan Ericsson 4
13 Lars Hammarberg 3
14 Johan Zackrisson 3
15 Thomas Ek 3
16 Claes Ivarsson 2
(9 May, Kalvholmen Motorstadion, Karlstad)
Pos Rider Points
1 Tony Olsson 14
2 Jimmy Nilsen 13+3
3 Mikael Blixt 13+2
4 Kenneth Nyström 12
5 Christer Rohlén 9
6 Mikael Teurnberg 9
7 Uno Johansson 8+3
8 Lillebror Johansson 8+2
9 Pierre Brannefors 6
10 Hans Wahlström 6
11 Lars Andersson 5
12 Per-Ove Gudmundsson 5
13 Johan Staaf 5
14 Börje Ring 5
15 Mikael Messing 2
16 Kent Rickardsson 1
17 Hans Hallén 0

Australian qualification

Date Venue Winner 2nd 3rd
Queensland Championship
Dec 1985 Pioneer Park, Ayr John Titman Troy Butler Steve Regeling
New South Wales Championship
Dec 1985 Newcastle Motordrome, Tomago Stephen Davies Chris Watson ?
Northern Territory Championship
Dec 1985 Arunga Park Speedway Brent Nott David Jackson ?
Victorian Championship
Dec 1985 Olympic Park, Mildura Phil Crump John McNeil ?
South Australian Championship
Dec 1985 North Arm Speedway, Adelaide Steve Baker Mark Fiora ?
Western Australian Championship
Dec 1985 Claremont Speedway, Perth Mick McKeon Glyn Taylor David Cheshire

Third round

Continental preliminary round

Date Venue Winner 2nd 3rd
Preliminary Round
11 May West Germany Abensberger Stadion, Abensberg Czechoslovakia Roman Matoušek West Germany Heinz Huber West Germany Erich Shafferer
11 May Bulgaria Speedway Stadium, Targovishte Soviet Union Valery Gordeev Italy Armando Dal Chiele Czechoslovakia Ladislav Hradecky
11 May Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Ilirija Sports Park, Ljubljana Poland Zenon Plech Soviet Union Rinat Mardanshin Poland Zbignew Blazejczak
11 May Hungary Borsod Volán Stadion, Miskolc Czechoslovakia Petr Kucera Italy Gianni Famari Hungary József Petrikovics

Australian Final

  • Top 4 to Commonwealth Final plus 1 reserve

New Zealand Final

Pos. Rider Total
1 David Bargh 14+3
2 Larry Ross 14+2
3 Mitch Shirra 12+3
4 Mike Fullerton 12+2
5 Kym Mauger 11
6 Chris Martin 9
7 Trevor Chapman 9
8 Craig Monk 7
9 Peter Nightingale 6
10 Spencer Timmo 5
11 Mike Hollows 5
12 Craig Blackett 4
13 Craig Wilkkie 4
14 Lee Chappell 3
15 Steve Brown 3
16 Jamie Martin 1

British Final

Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21 22
1 England (13) Neil Evitts 14 3 3 2 3 3 14 1
2 England (2) Phil Collins 13 2 3 3 2 3 13 2
3 England (15) Jeremy Doncaster 10 0 3 2 2 3 10 3 3
4 England (3) Marvyn Cox 10 1 1 3 3 2 10 4 2
5 England (9) Chris Morton 10 2 2 2 3 1 10 5 1
6 England (7) Malcolm Simmons 9 1 2 3 3 0 9 6
7 England (10) Richard Knight 8 1 2 1 2 2 8 7 3
8 England (1) Paul Thorp 8 3 1 3 T 1 8 8 2
9 England (8) Kelvin Tatum 8 3 3 1 1 0 8 9 1
10 England (16) Louis Carr 8 1 2 2 1 2 8 10 F
11 England (14) Simon Wigg 7 2 E 0 2 3 7 11
12 England (11) Andy Smith 5 3 0 0 F 2 5 12
13 England (5) Andrew Silver 3 2 0 0 0 1 3 13
14 England (6) Carl Blackbird 3 0 1 1 0 1 3 14
15 England (4) Simon Cross 2 0 1 E 1 0 2 15
16 England (12) John Davis 2 E 0 1 1 T 2 16
R1 England (R1) Dave Clark 0 0 0 R1
TR England (TR) Mike Bacon 0 0 0 TR
Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21 22

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside gate B gate C gate D - outside

Danish Final

Pos. Rider Total
1 Hans Nielsen 14
2 Erik Gundersen 13+3
3 Bo Petersen 13+2
4 Jan O. Pedersen 12
5 John Jørgensen 12
6 Sam Nikolajsen 7
7 Per Sørensen 7
8 John Eskildsen 7
9 Jens Rasmussen 7
10 Peter Glanz 5
11 Tommy Knudsen 5
12 Peter Ravn 5
13 Fleming Pedersen 4
14 Kurt Hansen 4
15 Preben Eriksen 3
16 Aksel Jepsen 0

Norwegian Final

Pos. Rider Points
1 Ingvar Skogland 14
2 Robert Langeland 13
3 Arnt Førland 12
4 Per Magne Levang 11
5 Thor Gunnar Halvorsröd 9
6 Gjermund Aas 9

Finland Final

Pos. Rider Total
1 Ari Koponen 14
2 Juha Moksunen 13+3
3 Roy Malminheimo 13+2
4 Olli Tyrvainen 13+1
5 Pekka Hautamaki 12
6 Aki Ala Riihimaki 9
7 Janne Moksunen 8
8 Veijo Tuoriniemi 8
9 Ossi Henriksson 8
10 Heimo Kaikko 7
11 Esa Reijo 4
12 Aarre Soivuori 3
13 Marko Hyyrylainen 3
14 Mikael Back 2
15 Markku Haapala 2
16 Hannu Lehtonen 0

Swedish Finals

Pos. Rider R1 R2 R3 Tota
1 Tommy Nilsson 14 13 12 39
2 Jimmy Nilsen 10 13 11 34
3 Mikael Blixt 8 14 9 31
4 Erik Stenlund 9 11 10 30
5 Kenneth Nyström 11 6 11 28
6 Conny Ivarsson 10 9 8 27
7 Per Jonsson 5 13 8 26
8 Tony Olsson 6 10 8 24
9 Roland Dannö 11 5 8 24
10 Dennis Löfqvist 10 6 5 21
11 Christer Rohlén 6 4 9 19
12 Mikael Teurnberg 6 3 6 15
13 Uno Johansson 5 6 3 14
14 Tommy Lindgren 7 2 5 14
15 Patrik Karlsson 1 4 6 11
16 Anders Kling 0 1 0 1

Fourth round

Continental quarter-finals

  • Top 32 to Continental semi-finals
Date Venue Winner 2nd 3rd
24 May Poland Polonia Bydgoszcz Stadium, Bydgoszcz Poland Wojciech Żabiałowicz Poland Grzegorz Dzikowski Soviet Union Rif Saitgareev
25 May Czechoslovakia Markéta Stadium, Prague Soviet Union Viktor Kuznetsov Czechoslovakia Antonín Kasper, Jr. Czechoslovakia Petr Vandirek
26 May Netherlands Olympic Stadium, Amsterdam[7] Czechoslovakia Roman Matoušek Poland Roman Jankowski Italy Armando Castagna
29 May West Germany Olching Speedwaybahn, Olching Austria Heinrich Schatzer Hungary József Petrikovics Soviet Union Mikhail Starostin

American Final

  • 23 June 1986
  • United States Veterans Memorial Stadium, Long Beach
  • Top 5 + 1 reserve to the Overseas Final
Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21 22
1 United States (12) Shawn Moran 14 3 3 3 3 2 14 1
2 United States (10) Lance King 13 1 3 3 3 3 13 2 3
3 United States (11) Sam Ermolenko 13 2 2 3 3 3 13 3 2
4 United States (3) Bobby Schwartz 13 3 3 2 2 3 13 4 1
5 United States (4) Kelly Moran 11 2 2 2 3 2 11 5
6 United States (16) Rick Miller 9 2 1 2 1 3 9 6
7 United States (1) Alan Christian 8 1 3 1 1 2 8 7
8 United States (14) Keith Christo 8 1 2 3 2 0 8 8
9 United States (5) Mike Faria 7 2 2 2 0 1 7 9
10 United States (6) Steve Lucero 5 3 1 0 1 0 5 10
11 United States (15) John Cook 6 3 0 0 2 1 6 11
12 United States (7) Bobby Ott 3 0 1 0 0 2 3 12
13 United States (13) Robert Pfetzing 3 0 0 1 2 0 3 13
14 United States (2) Brad Oxley 2 0 0 1 1 0 2 14
15 United States (8) Shawn McConnell 2 1 0 1 0 0 2 15
16 United States (9) Ed Castro 2 0 1 0 0 1 2 16
Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21 22

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside gate B gate C gate D - outside

Commonwealth Final

  • 8 June 1986
  • England Hyde Road, Manchester
  • Top 11 to the Overseas Final plus 1 reserve
Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21
1 England (16) Jeremy Doncaster 14 3 2 3 3 3 14 1
2 England (15) Kelvin Tatum 12 2 3 3 1 3 12 2
3 England (5) Chris Morton 11 2 3 1 2 3 11 3
4 Australia (4) Steve Baker 9 1 1 3 3 1 9 4
5 England (13) Neil Evitts 9 1 1 1 3 3 9 5
6 England (8) Richard Knight 9 3 0 2 2 2 9 6
7 New Zealand (14) Larry Ross 8 0 0 3 3 2 8 7
8 Australia (6) Phil Crump 8 1 3 X 2 2 8 8
9 England (2) Marvyn Cox 8 3 1 2 1 1 8 9
10 England (9) Paul Thorp 8 3 2 1 0 2 8 10
11 New Zealand (1) Mitch Shirra 7 2 0 2 2 1 7 11
12 New Zealand (12) David Bargh 6 1 3 F 1 1 6 12
13 England (10) Phil Collins 5 2 2 0 1 0 5 13
14 England (7) Malcolm Simmons 3 0 1 2 0 0 3 14
15 Australia (11) Steve Regeling 3 0 2 1 E 0 3 15
16 Australia (3) Alan Rivett 0 0 0 0 E 0 0 16
Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside gate B gate C gate D - outside

Fifth round

Continental semi-finals

Pos. Rider Points
1 Soviet Union Viktor Kuznetsov 13
2 West Germany Georg Hack 12+3
3 Soviet Union Michail Starostin 12+2
4 Czechoslovakia Antonín Kasper Jr. 12+1
5 West Germany Karl Maier 11
6 Austria Heinrich Schatzer 10
7 Czechoslovakia Petr Vandírek 9
8 West Germany Klaus Lausch 8+3
9 Hungary Zoltán Adorján 8+2
10 Czechoslovakia Pavel Karnas 6
11 Soviet Union Vladimir Trofimov 6
12 Hungary Sandor Tihanyi 5
13 Poland Zenon Plech 4
14 Poland Andrzej Huszcza 3
15 Poland Zbigniew Blazejczak 1
16 Hungary József Petrikovics 0
Pos. Rider Points
1 Italy Armando Castagna 12
2 Czechoslovakia Stanislav Urban 10+3
3 Czechoslovakia Roman Matoušek 10+2
4 Soviet Union Valerij Gordeev 10+1
5 Poland Wojciech Zabialowicz 10+0
6 Poland Ryszard Dolomisiewicz 9
7 Poland Maciej Jaworek 9
8 Bulgaria Nikolaj Manev 8
9 Czechoslovakia Lubomir Jedek 7
10 Italy Francesco Biginato 7
11 Czechoslovakia Zdeněk Schneiderwind 7
12 Soviet Union Rif Saitgareev
13 Poland Ryszard Franczyszyn
14 Poland Roman Jankowski
15 Italy Paolo Salvatelli
16 Poland Grzegorz Dzikowski

Nordic Final

Pos. Rider Total
1 Denmark Hans Nielsen 14
2 Sweden Jimmy Nilsen 13
3 Denmark Jan O. Pedersen 11
4 Denmark Erik Gundersen 10
5 Sweden Jan Andersson 10
6 Denmark Tommy Knudsen 10
7 Sweden Tommy Nilsson 9
8 Denmark Bo Petersen 9
9 Finland Kai Niemi 9
10 Denmark John Jørgensen 8
11 Sweden Erik Stenlund 6
12 Norway Einar Kyllingstad 3
13 Finland Ari Koponen 3
14 Sweden Mikael Blixt 2
15 Finland Juha Moksunen 2
16 Norway Ingvar Skogland 0
Res Sweden Kenneth Nyström 1

Overseas Final

Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21
1 United States (7) Sam Ermolenko 14 3 3 3 3 2 14 1
2 England (4) Jeremy Doncaster 12 3 3 1 2 3 12 2
3 England (14) Neil Evitts 11 3 2 3 2 1 11 3
4 England (1) Marvyn Cox 10 1 3 3 1 2 10 4
5 England (2) Chris Morton 10 2 3 2 2 1 10 5
6 New Zealand (8) Mitch Shirra 9 0 2 1 3 3 9 6
7 England (12) Kelvin Tatum 9 2 1 3 X 3 9 7
8 United States (15) Kelly Moran 8 2 2 1 3 0 8 8
9 Australia (5) Steve Baker 7 2 2 0 3 0 7 9
10 England (13) Paul Thorp 6 1 1 2 1 1 6 10
11 Australia (10) Phil Crump 5 3 1 0 F 1 5 11
12 United States (11) Bobby Schwartz 5 1 0 2 0 2 5 12
13 New Zealand (3) Larry Ross 5 0 1 2 E 2 5 13
14 England (6) Malcolm Simmons 2 1 0 1 0 0 2 14
15 United States (9) Lance King 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 15
16 United States (16) Shawn Moran 0 F - - - - 0 16
R1 United States (R1) Rick Miller 5 0 2 3 5 R1
R2 Australia (R2) Steve Regeling 0 F 0 R2
Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside gate B gate C gate D - outside

Sixth round

Continental Final

Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21 22
1 Soviet Union (7) Viktor Kuznetsov 13 3 2 3 3 2 13 1 3
2 Czechoslovakia (15) Antonín Kasper, Jr. 13 3 3 1 3 3 13 2 2
3 Italy (12) Armando Castagna 12 3 3 3 1 2 12 3
4 West Germany (2) Karl Maier 11 1 3 2 2 3 11 4 3
5 Czechoslovakia (11) Petr Vandirek 11 2 1 2 3 3 11 5 2
6 Poland (6) Ryszard Dołomisiewicz 8 2 2 1 0 3 8 6
7 Czechoslovakia (5) Stanislav Urban 7 1 3 0 3 0 7 7
8 Czechoslovakia (8) Roman Matoušek 7 X 2 3 X 2 7 8
9 Soviet Union (9) Valery Gordeev 7 1 1 2 2 1 7 9
10 Bulgaria (3) Nikolai Manev 6 2 E 1 2 1 6 10
11 Poland (13) Wojciech Żabiałowicz 6 2 2 1 1 0 6 11
12 West Germany (16) Klaus Lausch 5 0 1 3 1 0 5 12
13 Soviet Union (4) Mikhail Starostin 5 0 E 2 1 2 5 13
14 West Germany (14) Georg Hack 4 1 E 0 2 1 4 14
15 Austria (1) Heinrich Schatzer 3 3 F - - - 3 15
16 Poland (10) Maciej Jaworek 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 16
R1 Hungary (R1) Zoltan Adorjan 0 0 0 R1
R2 Czechoslovakia (R2) Lubomir Jedek 1 0 1 1 R2
Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21 22

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside gate B gate C gate D - outside

Intercontinental Final

Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21
1 Denmark (9) Erik Gundersen 15 3 3 3 3 3 15 1
2 Denmark (14) Hans Nielsen 14 3 3 2 3 3 14 2
3 Denmark (4) Tommy Knudsen 12 2 3 3 2 2 12 3
4 England (5) Neil Evitts 11 3 1 3 3 1 11 4
5 England (1) Kelvin Tatum 8 3 0 2 0 3 8 5
6 United States (2) Sam Ermolenko 8 1 1 2 3 1 8 6
7 Sweden (8) Jimmy Nilsen 8 2 2 1 2 1 8 7
8 New Zealand (3) Mitch Shirra 7 0 3 0 2 2 7 8
9 England (13) Chris Morton 7 0 2 1 1 3 7 9
10 Denmark (6) Jan O. Pedersen 7 0 2 3 1 1 7 10
11 England (15) Marvyn Cox 6 1 2 1 0 2 6 11 3
12 Sweden (7) Jan Andersson 6 1 0 2 1 2 6 12 2
13 England (12) Paul Thorp 4 1 1 E 2 0 4 13
14 England (16) Jeremy Doncaster 3 2 0 0 1 0 3 14
15 Australia (10) Steve Baker 2 2 X 0 0 0 2 15
16 Sweden (11) Tommy Nilsson 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 16
R1 Australia (R1) Phil Crump 0 0 R1
R2 Denmark (R2) John Jørgensen 0 0 R2
Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside gate B gate C gate D - outside

World Final

Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21
1 Denmark (5) Hans Nielsen 14 2 3 3 3 3 14 1
2 Denmark (11) Jan O. Pedersen 13 3 3 2 3 2 13 2
3 England (12) Kelvin Tatum 12 2 2 2 3 3 12 3
4 Sweden (1) Jimmy Nilsen 11 3 1 3 2 2 11 4
5 Denmark (10) Tommy Knudsen 10 1 3 3 X 3 10 5
6 Soviet Union (13) Viktor Kuznetsov 10 3 2 2 2 1 10 6
7 United States (6) Sam Ermolenko 9 1 2 1 3 2 9 7
8 England (4) Neil Evitts 8 2 3 1 1 1 8 8
9 England (16) Chris Morton 8 2 1 0 2 3 8 9
10 Denmark (8) Erik Gundersen 7 3 0 3 1 E 7 10
11 Poland (15) Ryszard Dołomisiewicz 6 1 2 0 2 1 6 11
12 England (14) Marvyn Cox 3 0 1 2 0 0 3 12
13 West Germany (2) Karl Maier 3 0 0 1 0 2 3 13
14 Italy (3) Armando Castagna 2 1 1 0 F - 2 14
15 Czechoslovakia (9) Antonín Kasper, Jr. 2 0 0 1 0 1 2 15
16 New Zealand (7) Mitch Shirra 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 16
R1 Sweden (R1) Jan Andersson 0 0 R1
R2 Czechoslovakia (R2) Petr Vandirek 1 1 0 1 R2
Placing Rider Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Pos 21

m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify

gate A - inside gate B gate C gate D - outside

References

  1. ^ "World Championship 1936-1994". Edinburgh Speedway. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  2. ^ "WORLD FINALS 1936-1994" (PDF). Speedway Researcher. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  3. ^ "HISTORY SPEEDWAY and LONGTRACK". Speedway.org. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  4. ^ "WORLD INDIVIDUAL FINAL - RIDER INDEX". British Speedway. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  5. ^ "Great Dane". Sunday Mirror. 31 August 1986. Retrieved 10 July 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  6. ^ "Speedway riders, history and results". wwosbackup. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  7. ^ "Bank Holiday Bonanza". Reading Evening Post. 24 May 1986. Retrieved 9 February 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.