| 1993 Pangal massacre (Meitei–Pangal clashes) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Religious violence in India | |||
 Location of Manipur in India | |||
| Date | 3 May 1993 | ||
| Location | |||
| Methods | Killing, Arson | ||
| Parties | |||
| 90 to 130 people were killed in the incident | |||
The 1993 Pangal massacre refers to the Meitei–Pangal clashes following the deaths of the Meitei Pangals, who are Muslim, and the Meiteis, who are majority Hindu, on 3 May 1993.[1] In the past, there has been some land disputes and fear of Bengali Muslim influx.[2][3]
Incident
[edit]There are conflicting accounts of what started the violence, one account says Meitei separatists tried to buy arms from a Pangal arms smuggler and were rebuffed. Another account says that the Meitei rebels were trying to extort from a Pangal village who resisted and killed one of the rebel.[2] The violence started on 3 May 1993 and continued well into 5 May. A bus containing Pangal passengers were set on fire and clashes took place between Pangals and Meiteis.[4] An estimated 90 to 130 people were killed.[5] The Manipur Government worked with the people of Manipur to restore peace in the State following the riots.[6]
Legacy
[edit]According to an official of the Indian Government, around 100 people died in the riots. The commission called for increased security and increasing the compensation award to the victims.[7] The Pangal (Manipuri Muslim) Political Forum claimed 140 people were killed. After the Government of India awarded compensation to the victims of the 1984 Punjab riots, the Pangal (Manipuri Muslim) Political Forum demanded compensation from the government in January 2015 at the Manipur Press Club.[8]
3 May 1993, is marked as a black day/Sahidee Memorial Day by the Pangals, who formed a number of armed militias. The day is observed by All Manipur Muslim Students’ Organization, Pangal (Manipur Muslim) Political Forum, and All Manipur Muslim Girl
References
[edit]- ^ Datta-Ray, B. (2006). The Journal of the North-East India Council for Social Science Research. B. D. Ray. p. 76.
- ^ a b "HINDU-MUSLIM RIOTS KILL MORE THAN 100 IN INDIA". chicagotribune.com. Chicago Tribune. New York Times News Service. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
- ^ "Manipur at a Glance An Ethnics Dilemma Part 2". e-pao.net. Retrieved 10 June 2025.
- ^ Ahmed, Farzand (31 May 1993). "Naga-Kuki clash: Communal riots rouse temperatures in Manipur". India Today. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
- ^ Dutta, Anuradha; Bhuyan, Ratna (2008). Women and Peace: Chapters from Northeast India. Akansha Publishing House. p. 78. ISBN 9788183701266.
- ^ Das, Samir Kumar (2008). Blisters on their Feet: Tales of Internally Displaced Persons in India's North East. SAGE Publications India. p. 208. ISBN 9788132100195.
- ^ "Report of working group of national integration council to study reports of the commissions of inquiry on communal riots" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
- ^ "Muslim body seeks compensation for 1993 Meitei-Meitei Pangal riot victims". Imphal Free Press. 11 January 2015. ProQuest 1644387486.
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