2022 United States Senate elections

2022 United States Senate elections

← 2020 November 8, 2022
December 6 (Georgia runoff)
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35 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate
51[a] seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Chuck Schumer Mitch McConnell
Party Democratic Republican
Leader since January 3, 2017 January 3, 2007
Leader's seat New York Kentucky
Seats before 48 + VP[b][c] 50
Seats after 49[d] 49
Seat change Increase 1 Decrease 1
Popular vote 46,208,845[e] 43,850,241[e]
Percentage 50.0% 47.4%
Seats up 14 21
Races won 15 20

  Third party
 
Party Independent
Seats before 2[b]
Seats after 2
Seat change Steady
Seats up 0
Races won 0

2022 United States Senate elections in California2022 United States Senate special election in Oklahoma2022 United States Senate election in Alabama2022 United States Senate election in Alaska2022 United States Senate election in Arizona2022 United States Senate election in Arkansas2022 United States Senate elections in California2022 United States Senate election in Colorado2022 United States Senate election in Connecticut2022 United States Senate election in Florida2022 United States Senate election in Georgia2022 United States Senate election in Hawaii2022 United States Senate election in Idaho2022 United States Senate election in Illinois2022 United States Senate election in Indiana2022 United States Senate election in Iowa2022 United States Senate election in Kansas2022 United States Senate election in Kentucky2022 United States Senate election in Louisiana2022 United States Senate election in Maryland2022 United States Senate election in Missouri2022 United States Senate election in Nevada2022 United States Senate election in New Hampshire2022 United States Senate election in New York2022 United States Senate election in North Carolina2022 United States Senate election in North Dakota2022 United States Senate election in Ohio2022 United States Senate election in Oklahoma2022 United States Senate election in Oregon2022 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania2022 United States Senate election in South Carolina2022 United States Senate election in South Dakota2022 United States Senate election in Utah2022 United States Senate election in Vermont2022 United States Senate election in Washington2022 United States Senate election in Wisconsin
Results of the elections:
     Democratic gain
     Democratic hold      Republican hold
     No election
Rectangular inset (Oklahoma): both seats up for election

Majority Leader before election

Chuck Schumer
Democratic

Elected Majority Leader

Chuck Schumer
Democratic

The 2022 United States Senate elections were held on November 8, 2022, concurrently with other midterm elections at the federal, state and local levels. Regularly scheduled elections were held for 34 of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate, the winners of which will serve six-year terms beginning with the 118th United States Congress. Two special elections were held to complete unexpired terms. While pundits considered the Republican Party a slight favorite to gain control of the Senate, Senate Democrats outperformed expectations and expanded the majority they had held since 2021,[2][3] gaining one seat for a functioning 51–49 majority.

Senators are divided into three classes whose terms are staggered so that a different class is elected every two years. All 34 Class 3 Senate seats, last elected in 2016, were up for election in 2022. Prior to the elections, Class 3 consisted of 14 Democrats and 20 Republicans. Special elections were concurrently held in California, to fill Vice President Kamala Harris' unexpired Senate term ending in 2022,[4] and in Oklahoma, to fill the four remaining years of resigning senator Jim Inhofe's unexpired term.[5] Five Republican senators and one Democratic senator; 15 Republicans and 13 Democrats ran for re-election. Prior to the elections, Democrats had held a majority in the Senate since January 20, 2021. There were 48 Democratic senators and two independent senators who caucused with them; Harris' tie-breaking vote as vice president gave Democrats control of the chamber.[2]

While Republicans were slightly favored in several competitive races, a red wave election did not materialize.[6][7][8] Democrats gained one seat, in Pennsylvania, where Democrat John Fetterman won the election to succeed retiring Republican Pat Toomey.[9] All incumbents won re-election, and all other open seats besides Pennsylvania were held by the same party as the retiring senator. For the first time since the ratification of the 17th Amendment, no incumbent lost a U.S. Senate primary or general election.[10][f]

The better-than-expected performance of Democrats has been attributed to several factors,[11] including the issue of abortion after Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization,[12] the role of Donald Trump, and alleged extremism or election denialism among Republicans.[13][14][15] The 2022 election cycle was the first time in U.S. history in which multiple Senate races in the same year were contested between two Black nominees (Georgia and South Carolina).[16][g]

Partisan composition

All 34 Class 3 senators were up for election in 2022; prior to Election Day, Class 3 consisted of 14 Democrats and 20 Republicans, including a seat in California held by an interim appointee up for a special election. Additionally, a special election was held for a Class 2 seat in Oklahoma. Of the senators not up for election, 34 were Democrats, 29 were Republicans, and two were independents who caucused with the Senate Democrats.[2]

In recent cycles, partisanship in Senate elections has much more closely matched partisanship in presidential elections, and the number of senators representing states won recently by presidential candidates of the opposite party has dwindled. In 2018, Democrats were defending 10 seats in states that Donald Trump won in the 2016 U.S. presidential election,[h] while Republicans held only one seat in a state that Hillary Clinton won in 2016 (Nevada, which Democrats flipped). In contrast, Democrats in this cycle held no seats in states that Trump won in the 2020 U.S. presidential election, while Republicans were defending only two seats in states Joe Biden won in 2020 (Pennsylvania, which Democrats flipped, and Wisconsin, which Republicans narrowly held).[2]

Democrats had held a majority in the Senate since January 20, 2021, following the party's twin victories in the run-offs for Georgia's regular and special 2020–2021 Senate elections, and the inauguration of Harris as vice president. While many pundits believed Republicans had a strong chance to flip control of the chamber, a red wave election did not materialize.[6][7][8] Instead, Democrats performed better than expected in many states, including Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, and Ohio.[2][17][18] In Colorado, where some Republican strategists hoped for a competitive race, Michael Bennet won re-election handily, and in New Hampshire, another hopeful Republican target, Maggie Hassan ran ahead of Biden's 2020 margin in the state.[17][18] Democrats also beat expectations in Rust Belt states; although Tim Ryan lost in Ohio, his performance in the race had a coattail effect that boosted Democrats in competitive House districts in the state,[19] and in Pennsylvania, where John Fetterman defeated Trump-endorsee Mehmet Oz, vulnerable House Democrats also benefitted from strong Democratic performance at the top of the ticket.[20] Fetterman improved upon Biden's 2020 results from white voters without a college degree.[21] In Georgia's first round, Raphael Warnock improved upon his margin from 2020–2021 and finished first,[2] before winning by three percentage points in the December runoff.[22]

Democrats' strong performance has been attributed to, among other factors,[11] backlash to abortion-rights restrictions following the U.S. Supreme Court's June 2022 decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization that overturned Roe v. Wade,[12] negative reaction to Republican extremism and election denialism,[14][15] better candidate quality among Democrats than Republicans,[13] and youth turnout and vote splitting in key races.[23][24] Some Republicans blamed Trump for the party's underwhelming showing, citing the underperformance of candidates he endorsed such as Herschel Walker in Georgia and Oz in Pennsylvania.[25][26][27] Democrats won full terms in the Class 3 Senate seats in Arizona and Pennsylvania for the first time since the 1962 elections.

The 2022 election cycle was the first time since the 2006 Senate elections that Democrats made net gains in a midterm year, and the 2022 cycle tied with the 1990 elections for the lowest number of party flips, at only one seat each. This was only the third election in U.S. history (after 1914 and 1934) where the opposition party failed to flip any Senate seats. It is the most recent election cycle in which the president's party gained Senate seats and simultaneously lost House seats in a midterm, which also occurred in 1914, 1962, 1970, and 2018; it was the first midterm in which Democrats did so since 1962.[28] It was a historically good cycle for incumbents;[29] it was the first time ever since the ratification of the 17th Amendment, which mandated the popular election of U.S. senators, in which no incumbents were defeated for either a primary or general election.[10][f] Maggie Hassan (New Hampshire), Ron Johnson (Wisconsin), Mark Kelly (Arizona), Catherine Cortez Masto (Nevada), Lisa Murkowski (Alaska), and Warnock (Georgia) faced competitive races but were all re-elected.[2][3]

Summary results

Seats

Parties Total
Democratic Independent Republican
Last elections (2020) 48 2 50 100
Before these elections 48 2 50 100
Not up 34 2 29 65
Class 1 (20182024) 21 2 10 33
Class 2 (20202026) 13 0 19 32
Up 14[i] 0 21 35
Class 3 (2016→2022) 14 0 20 34
Special: Class 2 & 3 1 1 2
General election
Incumbent retiring 1 5 6
Held by same party 1 4 5
Replaced by other party Decrease 1 Republican replaced by Increase 1 Democrat 1
Result 2 4 6
Incumbent running 13[i] 15 28
Won re-election 13 15 28
Lost re-election
Result 13 15 28
Special elections
Incumbent resigning 1[j] 1
Appointee running 1[i] 1
Individuals elected 1 1 2
Result 1 1 2
Result 49 2 49 100

Votes

National results[30]
Parties Votes % Seats
Total
before
Up Won Total
after
+/-
Democratic 46,208,845 49.95 48 14 15 49 1
Republican 43,850,241 47.40 50 21 20 49 1
Libertarian 711,078 0.77 0 0 0 0
Independent 686,281 0.74 2 0 0 2
Green 87,964 0.10 0 0 0 0
Constitution 23,108 0.02 0 0 0 0
Other parties 904,848 0.98 0 0 0 0
Write-in 35,037 0.04 0 0 0 0
Total 92,507,402 100.00 100 35 35 100

Closest races

Races that had a margin of victory under 10%:

State Party of winner Margin
Nevada Democratic 0.78%
Wisconsin Republican 1.00%
Georgia Democratic 2.80%[k]
North Carolina Republican 3.23%
Arizona Democratic 4.88%
Pennsylvania Democratic (flip) 4.91%
Ohio Republican 6.12%
Alaska Republican 7.41%[l]
New Hampshire Democratic 9.15%

Change in composition

Each block represents one of the one hundred seats in the U.S. Senate. "D#" is a Democratic senator, "I#" is an independent senator, and "R#" is a Republican senator. They are arranged so the parties are separated and a majority is clear by crossing the middle.

Before the elections

Each block indicates an incumbent senator's actions going into the election.

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10
D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11
D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30
D40
Hawaii
Ran
D39
Ga.
Ran
D38
Conn.
Ran
D37
Colo.
Ran
D36
Calif.
Ran[m]
D35
Ariz. (cl. 3)
Ran
D34 D33 D32 D31
D41
Ill.
Ran
D42
Md.
Ran
D43
Nev.
Ran
D44
N.H.
Ran
D45
N.Y.
Ran
D46
Ore.
Ran
D47
Vt.
Retired
D48
Wash.
Ran
I1 I2
Majority (with independents and vice president) ↑
R41
N.C.
Retired
R42
N.D.
Ran
R43
Ohio
Retired
R44
Okla. (reg)
Ran
R45
Okla. (sp)
Resigned
R46
Pa.
Retired
R47
S.C.
Ran
R48
S.D.
Ran
R49
Utah
Ran
R50
Wisc.
Ran
R40
Mo.
Retired
R39
La.
Ran
R38
Ky.
Ran
R37
Kans.
Ran
R36
Iowa
Ran
R35
Ind.
Ran
R34
Idaho
Ran
R33
Fla.
Ran
R32
Ark.
Ran
R31
Alaska
Ran
R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 R30
Ala.
Retired
R20 R19 R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10

After the elections

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10
D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11
D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30
D40
Hawaii
Re-elected
D39
Ga.
Re-elected
D38
Conn.
Re-elected
D37
Colo.
Re-elected
D36
Calif.
Elected[n]
D35
Ariz. (cl. 3)
Re-elected
D34 D33 D32 D31
D41
Ill.
Re-elected
D42
Md.
Re-elected
D43
Nev.
Re-elected
D44
N.H.
Re-elected
D45
N.Y.
Re-elected
D46
Ore.
Re-elected
D47
Vt.
Hold
D48
Wash.
Re-elected
D49
Pa.
Gain
I1
Majority (with independents) ↑
R41
N.C.
Hold
R42
N.D.
Re-elected
R43
Ohio
Hold
R44
Okla. (reg)
Re-elected
R45
Okla. (sp)
Hold
R46
S.C.
Re-elected
R47
S.D.
Re-elected
R48
Utah
Re-elected
R49
Wisc.
Re-elected
I2
R40
Mo.
Hold
R39
La.
Re-elected
R38
Ky.
Re-elected
R37
Kans.
Re-elected
R36
Iowa
Re-elected
R35
Ind.
Re-elected
R34
Idaho
Re-elected
R33
Fla.
Re-elected
R32
Ark.
Re-elected
R31
Alaska
Re-elected
R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 R30
Ala.
Hold
R20 R19 R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10

Beginning of the first session

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10
D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11
D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30
D40 D39 D38 D37 D36 D35 D34 D33 D32 D31
D41 D42 D43 D44 D45 D46 D47 D48 I1 I2
Majority (with independents) ↑
R41 R42 R43 R44 R45 R46 R47 R48 R49 I3
Ariz. (cl. 1)
Changed[d]
R40 R39 R38 R37 R36 R35 R34 R33 R32 R31
R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 R30
R20 R19 R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10
Key:
D# Democratic
R# Republican
I# Independent, caucusing with Democrats

Final pre-election predictions

Several sites and individuals publish predictions of competitive seats. These predictions look at factors such as the strength of the incumbent (if the incumbent is running for re-election) and the other candidates and the state's partisan lean (reflected in part by the state's Cook Partisan Voting Index rating). The predictions assign ratings to each seat, indicating the predicted advantage that a party had in winning that seat. Most election predictors use:

  • "tossup" / "battleground": no advantage
  • "tilt" (used by some predictors): minimal, smallest advantage
  • "lean": slight advantage
  • "likely": significant, but surmountable, advantage
  • "safe" or "solid": near-certain chance of victory
Constituency Incumbent 2022 election ratings
State PVI[31] Senator Last
election[o]
Cook
Nov 7,
2022
[32]
IE
Nov 3,
2022
[33]
Sabato
Nov 7,
2022
[34]
CBS
Oct 25,
2022
[35]
Politico
Nov 3,
2022
[36]
RCP
Nov 5,
2022
[37]
Fox
Nov 1,
2022
[38]
DDHQ
Nov 5,
2022
[39]
538[p]
Nov 7,
2022
[40]
Econ.
Nov 7,
2022
[41]
Result[42]
Alabama R+15 Richard Shelby
(retiring)
64.0% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Likely R Solid R Safe R Solid R Solid R Solid R Safe R Britt
66.6% R
Alaska R+8 Lisa Murkowski 44.4% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Likely R Solid R Safe R Solid R Solid R Solid R Safe R Murkowski
53.7% R
Arizona R+2 Mark Kelly 51.2% D
(2020 sp.)[q]
Tossup Tilt D Lean D Tossup Tossup Tossup Tossup Lean D Lean D Lean D Kelly
51.4% D
Arkansas R+16 John Boozman 59.8% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Likely R Solid R Safe R Solid R Solid R Solid R Safe R Boozman
65.7% R
California[m] D+13 Alex Padilla Appointed
(2021)[r]
Solid D Solid D Safe D Likely D Solid D Safe D Solid D Solid D Solid D Safe D Padilla
61.1% D
Colorado D+4 Michael Bennet 50.0% D Lean D Likely D Likely D Lean D Lean D Tossup Lean D Lean D Likely D Likely D Bennet
55.9% D
Connecticut D+7 Richard Blumenthal 63.2% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Likely D Likely D Lean D Likely D Solid D Solid D Safe D Blumenthal
57.5% D
Florida R+3 Marco Rubio 52.0% R Likely R Likely R Likely R Lean R Lean R Lean R Likely R Likely R Solid R Likely R Rubio
57.7% R
Georgia R+3 Raphael Warnock 51.0% D
(2021 sp. run-off)[s]
Tossup Tossup Lean R (flip) Tossup Tossup Tossup Tossup Tossup Lean R (flip) Tossup Warnock
51.4% D[t]
Hawaii D+14 Brian Schatz 73.6% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Likely D Solid D Safe D Solid D Solid D Solid D Safe D Schatz
71.2% D
Idaho R+18 Mike Crapo 66.1% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Likely R Solid R Safe R Solid R Solid R Solid R Safe R Crapo
60.7% R
Illinois D+7 Tammy Duckworth 54.9% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Likely D Solid D Likely D Solid D Solid D Solid D Safe D Duckworth
56.8% D
Indiana R+11 Todd Young 52.1% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Likely R Solid R Safe R Solid R Solid R Solid R Safe R Young
58.6% R
Iowa R+6 Chuck Grassley 60.1% R Solid R Likely R Likely R Likely R Likely R Likely R Likely R Solid R Solid R Safe R Grassley
56.0% R
Kansas R+10 Jerry Moran 62.2% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Likely R Solid R Safe R Solid R Solid R Solid R Safe R Moran
60.0% R
Kentucky R+16 Rand Paul 57.3% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Likely R Solid R Safe R Solid R Solid R Solid R Safe R Paul
61.8% R
Louisiana R+12 John Kennedy 60.7% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Likely R Solid R Safe R Solid R Solid R Solid R Safe R Kennedy
61.6% R
Maryland D+14 Chris Van Hollen 60.9% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Likely D Solid D Safe D Solid D Solid D Solid D Safe D Van Hollen
65.8% D
Missouri R+10 Roy Blunt
(retiring)
49.2% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Likely R Likely R Likely R Solid R Solid R Solid R Safe R Schmitt
55.4% R
Nevada R+1 Catherine Cortez Masto 47.1% D Tossup Tossup Lean D Tossup Tossup Tossup Tossup Tossup Tossup Lean R (flip) Cortez Masto
48.8% D
New Hampshire D+1 Maggie Hassan 48.0% D Lean D Tilt D Lean D Lean D Tossup Tossup Lean D Lean D Lean D Lean D Hassan
53.5% D
New York D+10 Chuck Schumer 70.6% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Likely D Solid D Likely D Solid D Solid D Solid D Safe D Schumer
56.8% D
North Carolina R+3 Richard Burr
(retiring)
51.1% R Lean R Tilt R Lean R Lean R Lean R Lean R Lean R Lean R Likely R Lean R Budd
50.5% R
North Dakota R+20 John Hoeven 78.5% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Likely R Solid R Safe R Solid R Solid R Solid R Safe R Hoeven
56.4% R
Ohio R+6 Rob Portman
(retiring)
58.0% R Lean R Lean R Lean R Lean R Lean R Lean R Lean R Likely R Likely R Lean R Vance
53.0% R
Oklahoma
(regular)
R+20 James Lankford 67.7% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Likely R Solid R Safe R Solid R Solid R Solid R Safe R Lankford
64.3% R
Oklahoma
(special)
R+20 Jim Inhofe
(resigning)
62.9% R
(2020)
Solid R Solid R Safe R Likely R Solid R Safe R Solid R Solid R Solid R Safe R Mullin
61.8% R
Oregon D+6 Ron Wyden 56.6% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Likely D Solid D Safe D Solid D Solid D Solid D Safe D Wyden
55.8% D
Pennsylvania R+2 Pat Toomey
(retiring)
48.8% R Tossup Tossup Lean R Tossup Tossup Tossup Tossup Tossup Tossup Tossup Fetterman
51.2% D (flip)
South Carolina R+8 Tim Scott 60.6% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Likely R Solid R Safe R Solid R Solid R Solid R Safe R Scott
62.9% R
South Dakota R+16 John Thune 71.8% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Likely R Solid R Safe R Solid R Solid R Solid R Safe R Thune
69.6% R
Utah R+13 Mike Lee 68.2% R Likely R Likely R Likely R Likely R Likely R Likely R Likely R Solid R Solid R Safe R Lee
53.2% R
Vermont D+16 Patrick Leahy
(retiring)
61.3% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Likely D Solid D Safe D Solid D Solid D Solid D Safe D Welch
67.3% D
Washington D+8 Patty Murray 58.8% D Likely D Likely D Likely D Likely D Lean D Tossup Likely D Likely D Likely D Likely D Murray
57.2% D
Wisconsin R+2 Ron Johnson 50.2% R Lean R Tilt R Lean R Tossup Tossup Tossup Lean R Likely R Likely R Likely R Johnson
50.4% R
Overall[u] D – 47
R – 49
4 tossups
D – 48
R – 49
3 tossups
D – 49
R – 51
0 tossups
D – 47
R – 48
5 tossups
D – 47
R – 48
5 tossups
D – 44
R – 48
8 tossups
D – 47
R – 49
4 tossups
D – 48
R – 49
3 tossups
D – 48
R – 50
2 tossups
D – 48
R – 50
2 tossups
Results:
D – 51
R – 49

Gains and holds

One Democrat and five Republicans retired instead of seeking re-election.

Retirements

State Senator Replaced by Ref
Alabama Richard Shelby Katie Britt [43]
Missouri Roy Blunt Eric Schmitt [44]
North Carolina Richard Burr Ted Budd [45]
Ohio Rob Portman J. D. Vance [46]
Pennsylvania Pat Toomey John Fetterman [47]
Vermont Patrick Leahy Peter Welch [48]

Resignations

One Republican resigned two years into his six-year term.

State Senator Replaced by Ref
Oklahoma (special) Jim Inhofe Markwayne Mullin [49]

Post-election changes

One Democrat was switched to Independent before the start of the 118th Congress on December 9, 2022. One Republican resigned shortly after the start of the 118th Congress on January 8, 2023, and was replaced by a Republican appointee. One Democrat died during the 118th Congress on September 29, 2023, and was replaced by a Democratic appointee.

State Senator Replaced by Ref
Arizona
(Class 1)
Kyrsten Sinema Kyrsten Sinema [50]
Nebraska
(Class 2)
Ben Sasse Pete Ricketts [51][52]
California
(Class 1)
Dianne Feinstein Laphonza Butler [53][54]

Race summary

Special elections during the preceding Congress

In each special election, the winner's term can begin immediately after their election is certified by their state's government. In cases where a resignation has been previously announced, the new senator's term can begin once the previous senator's resignation is submitted officially.

Elections are sorted by date, then state.

State
(linked to
summaries below)
Incumbent Status Candidates[55]
Senator Party Electoral history
California
(Class 3)
Alex Padilla Democratic 2021 (appointed) Interim appointee elected.
Winner also elected to the next term, see below.
  • Green tickY Alex Padilla (Democratic) 60.9%
  • Mark Meuser (Republican) 39.1%
Oklahoma
(Class 2)
Jim Inhofe Republican 1994 (special)
1996
2002
2008
2014
2020
Incumbent resigned January 3, 2023.[49]
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
  • Green tickY Markwayne Mullin (Republican) 61.8%
  • Kendra Horn (Democratic) 35.2%
  • Robert Murphy (Libertarian) 1.5%
  • Ray Woods (Independent) 1.5%

Elections leading to the next Congress

In these general elections, the winners will be elected for the term beginning January 3, 2023.

State
(linked to
summaries below)
Incumbent Status Major candidates[v][55]
Senator Party Electoral history
Alabama Richard Shelby Republican 1986[w]
1992
1998
2004
2010
2016
Incumbent retired.[56]
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
Alaska Lisa Murkowski Republican 2002 (appointed)
2004
2010 (write-in)
2016
Incumbent re-elected.
Arizona Mark Kelly Democratic 2020 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Arkansas John Boozman Republican 2010
2016
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John Boozman (Republican) 65.8%
  • Natalie James (Democratic) 31.0%
  • Kenneth Cates (Libertarian) 3.2%
California Alex Padilla Democratic 2021 (appointed) Interim appointee elected.
Winner also elected to finish the term, see above.
  • Green tickY Alex Padilla (Democratic) 61.1%
  • Mark Meuser (Republican) 38.9%
Colorado Michael Bennet Democratic 2009 (appointed)
2010
2016
Incumbent re-elected.
Others
  • Brian Peotter (Libertarian) 1.7%
  • T. J. Cole (Unity) 0.7%
  • Frank Atwood (Approval Voting) 0.5%
Connecticut Richard Blumenthal Democratic 2010
2016
Incumbent re-elected.
Florida Marco Rubio Republican 2010
2016
Incumbent re-elected.
Others
  • Dennis Misigoy (Libertarian) 0.4%
  • Steven B. Grant (Independent) 0.4%
  • Tuan Nguyen (Independent) 0.2%
Georgia Raphael Warnock Democratic 2021 (special) Incumbent re-elected in runoff.
Hawaii Brian Schatz Democratic 2012 (appointed)
2014 (special)
2016
Incumbent re-elected.
Others
  • Feena Bonoan (Libertarian) 1.2%
  • Emma Pohlman (Green) 1.0%
  • Dan Decker (Aloha ʻĀina) 0.5%
Idaho Mike Crapo Republican 1998
2004
2010
2016
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Mike Crapo (Republican) 60.7%
  • David Roth (Democratic) 28.7%
  • Scott Cleveland (Independent) 8.5%
  • Ray Writz (Constitution) 1.4%
  • Idaho Sierra Law (Libertarian) 0.7%
Illinois Tammy Duckworth Democratic 2016 Incumbent re-elected.
Indiana Todd Young Republican 2016 Incumbent re-elected.
Iowa Chuck Grassley Republican 1980
1986
1992
1998
2004
2010
2016
Incumbent re-elected.
Kansas Jerry Moran Republican 2010
2016
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Jerry Moran (Republican) 60.0%
  • Mark Holland (Democratic) 37.0%
  • David Graham (Libertarian) 3.0%
Kentucky Rand Paul Republican 2010
2016
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Rand Paul (Republican) 61.8%
  • Charles Booker (Democratic) 38.2%
Louisiana John Kennedy Republican 2016 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John Kennedy (Republican) 61.6%
  • Gary Chambers (Democratic) 17.9%
  • Luke Mixon (Democratic) 13.2%
Others
  • Syrita Steib (Democratic) 2.3%
  • Devin Graham (Republican) 1.8%
  • Vinny Mendoza (Democratic) 0.9%
  • Beryl Billiot (Independent) 0.7%
  • Salvador Rodriguez (Democratic) 0.6%
  • Bradley McMorris (Independent) 0.4%
  • Aaron Sigler (Libertarian) 0.4%
  • Xan John (Independent) 0.2%
  • Thomas La Fontaine Olson (Independent) 0.1%
  • Thomas Wenn (Independent) 0.1%
Maryland Chris Van Hollen Democratic 2016 Incumbent re-elected.
Missouri Roy Blunt Republican 2010
2016
Incumbent retired.[57]
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
Nevada Catherine Cortez Masto Democratic 2016 Incumbent re-elected.
Others
New Hampshire Maggie Hassan Democratic 2016 Incumbent re-elected.
New York Chuck Schumer Democratic 1998
2004
2010
2016
Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina Richard Burr Republican 2004
2010
2016
Incumbent retired.[58]
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
  • Green tickY Ted Budd (Republican) 50.5%
  • Cheri Beasley (Democratic) 47.3%
  • Shannon Bray (Libertarian) 1.4%
  • Matthew Hoh (Green) 0.8%
North Dakota John Hoeven Republican 2010
2016
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John Hoeven (Republican) 56.4%
  • Katrina Christiansen (Democratic–NPL) 25.0%
  • Rick Becker (Independent) 18.5%
Ohio Rob Portman Republican 2010
2016
Incumbent retired.[59]
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
  • Green tickY J. D. Vance (Republican) 53.0%
  • Tim Ryan (Democratic) 46.9%
Oklahoma James Lankford Republican 2014 (special)
2016
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY James Lankford (Republican) 64.3%
  • Madison Horn (Democratic) 32.1%
  • Michael Delaney (Independent) 1.8%
  • Kenneth Blevins (Libertarian) 1.8%
Oregon Ron Wyden Democratic 1996 (special)
1998
2004
2010
2016
Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania Pat Toomey Republican 2010
2016
Incumbent retired.[60]
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
Others
  • Erik Gerhardt (Libertarian) 1.4%
  • Richard Weiss (Green) 0.6%
  • Daniel Wassmer (Keystone) 0.5%
South Carolina Tim Scott Republican 2013 (appointed)
2014 (special)
2016
Incumbent re-elected.
South Dakota John Thune Republican 2004
2010
2016
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John Thune (Republican) 69.6%
  • Brian Bengs (Democratic) 26.2%
  • Tamara Lesnar (Libertarian) 4.2%
Utah Mike Lee Republican 2010
2016
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Mike Lee (Republican) 53.1%
  • Evan McMullin (Independent) 42.8%
  • James Hansen (Libertarian) 2.9%
  • Tommy Williams (Independent American) 1.1%
Vermont Patrick Leahy Democratic 1974
1980
1986
1992
1998
2004
2010
2016
Incumbent retired.[48]
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Green tickY Peter Welch (Democratic) 68.5%
  • Gerald Malloy (Republican) 28.1%
Others
  • Dawn Ellis (Independent) 1.0%
  • Natasha Diamondstone-Kohout (GMPJP) 0.5%
  • Kerry Raheb (Independent) 0.5%
  • Mark Coester (Independent) 0.4%
  • Stephen Duke (Independent) 0.4%
  • Cris Ericson (Independent) 0.4%
Washington Patty Murray Democratic 1992
1998
2004
2010
2016
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Patty Murray (Democratic) 57.2%
  • Tiffany Smiley (Republican) 42.6%
Wisconsin Ron Johnson Republican 2010
2016
Incumbent re-elected.

Alabama

Alabama election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Katie Britt Will Boyd
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 942,154 436,746
Percentage 66.6% 30.9%

County results
Britt:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Boyd:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Richard Shelby
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

Katie Britt
Republican

Six-term Republican Richard Shelby was re-elected in 2016 with 64% of the vote. On February 8, 2021, Shelby announced that he would not seek re-election to a seventh term.[61] Katie Britt, Shelby's former chief of staff,[62] and Mo Brooks, a six-term U.S. representative, finished ahead of businesswoman Karla DuPriest, former Army pilot and author Michael Durant, and author Jake Schafer in the first round of the Republican primary election, with Britt going on to defeat Brooks in a runoff.[63] Perennial candidate Will Boyd[64] defeated former Brighton mayor Brandaun Dean[65] and Lanny Jackson[66][67] in the Democratic primary. Britt won the Senate election, becoming the first woman elected to the United States Senate from Alabama.[68]

Alaska

Alaska election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Candidate Lisa Murkowski Kelly Tshibaka Pat Chesbro
Party Republican Republican Democratic
First round 113,495
43.4%
111,480
42.6%
27,145
10.4%
Final round 136,330
53.7%
117,534
46.3%
Eliminated

First round results by State House district
Maximum round results by State House district
Maximum round results by borough and census area
Murkowski:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Tshibaka:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Lisa Murkowski
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

Lisa Murkowski
Republican

Three-term Republican Lisa Murkowski was re-elected in 2016 with 44.4% of the vote. Alaska voters passed a ballot initiative in 2020 that adopted a new top-four ranked-choice voting system: all candidates compete in a nonpartisan blanket primary, the top four candidates advance to the general election, and the winner is determined by instant-runoff voting using ranked-choice ballots. On March 30, following the Alaska Republican Party's decision to censure senator Murkowski, former Alaska Department of Administration commissioner Kelly Tshibaka announced her campaign against Murkowski, later receiving Donald Trump's endorsement.[69] Republican governor Mike Dunleavy, who was considered another potential challenger to Murkowski, instead ran for re-election.[70]

Murkowski, Tshibaka, Republican Buzz Kelley, and Democrat Pat Chesbro advanced to the general election.[71] Kelley suspended his campaign in September and endorsed Tshibaka, although his name remained on the ballot.[72]

Murkowski received a slight plurality of the first-choice votes and a majority of all votes following the ranked choice tabulation, winning re-election to a fourth full term.[55]

Arizona

Arizona election

 
Nominee Mark Kelly Blake Masters
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 1,322,027 1,196,308
Percentage 51.4% 46.5%

County results
Kelly:      50–60%      60–70%
Masters:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Mark Kelly
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Mark Kelly
Democratic

Incumbent Democrat Mark Kelly took office on December 2, 2020, after winning a special election with 51.2% of the vote.

Six-term senator and 2008 Republican presidential nominee John McCain was re-elected to this seat in 2016. He died on August 25, 2018, and former U.S. senator Jon Kyl was appointed to replace him. Kyl resigned at the end of 2018 and U.S. representative Martha McSally was appointed to replace him. Kelly defeated McSally in the 2020 special election.

In the Republican primary, Blake Masters, the chairman of the Thiel Foundation, defeated Jim Lamon, chair of the solar power company Depcom,[73] and Arizona Attorney General Mark Brnovich.[74]

Kelly defeated Masters, winning election to his first full term.[55]

Arkansas

Arkansas election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee John Boozman Natalie James
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 592,437 280,187
Percentage 65.7% 31.1%

County results
Boozman:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
James:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election

John Boozman
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

John Boozman
Republican

Two-term Republican John Boozman was re-elected in 2016 with 59.8% of the vote. Boozman ran for a third term.[75]

Boozman defeated former NFL player and U.S. Army veteran Jake Bequette,[76] gun range owner and 2018 gubernatorial candidate Jan Morgan,[77] and pastor Heath Loftis[78] in the Republican primary.[79] A fourth challenger, corporate analyst Michael Deel withdrew prior to the primary election citing a lack of viability.[80]

Natalie James, a real estate broker from Little Rock,[81] defeated Dan Whitfield, who attempted to run as an independent for Arkansas' other U.S. Senate seat in 2020 but failed to meet the ballot access requirements,[82] and former Pine Bluff City alderman Jack Foster in the Democratic primary.[83]

Boozman defeated James, winning re-election to a third term.[55]

California

California election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Candidate Alex Padilla Mark Meuser
Party Democratic Republican
Special election 6,559,308
60.9%
4,212,450
39.1%
Regular election 6,621,621
61.1%
4,222,029
38.9%

County results
Padilla:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Meuser:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Alex Padilla
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Alex Padilla
Democratic

Incumbent Democrat Alex Padilla took office on January 20, 2021. He was appointed by Governor Gavin Newsom following the resignation of incumbent Democrat Kamala Harris on January 18, 2021, in advance of her swearing-in as Vice President of the United States.[84]

Due to a rule change, there were two ballot items for the same seat: a general election, to elect a Class 3 senator to a full term beginning with the 118th United States Congress, sworn in on January 3, 2023, and a special election, to fill that seat for the final weeks of the 117th Congress. Padilla ran in both races,[85] as did the Republican nominee, attorney Mark Meuser. Padilla defeated Meuser in both races, winning election to his first full term.

Colorado

Colorado election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Michael Bennet Joe O'Dea
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 1,397,170 1,031,693
Percentage 55.9% 41.3%

County results
Bennet:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
O'Dea:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

U.S. senator before election

Michael Bennet
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Michael Bennet
Democratic

Two-term Democrat Michael Bennet took office on January 21, 2009, after being appointed by then Colorado governor Bill Ritter to replace outgoing Democrat Ken Salazar, who was nominated by then President Barack Obama to serve as United States secretary of the interior. He had narrowly won reelection bids, in 2010 to his first full term, with 48.08% of the vote, and, in 2016 to his second, with 49.97% of the vote.

In the Republican primary, construction company owner Joe O'Dea defeated state representative Ron Hanks.[86][87]

Bennet defeated O'Dea, winning election to his third full term.

Connecticut

Connecticut election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Richard Blumenthal Leora Levy
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 723,864 535,943
Percentage 57.5% 42.5%

County results
Blumenthal:      50–60%      60–70%
Levy:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election

Richard Blumenthal
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Richard Blumenthal
Democratic

Two-term Democrat Richard Blumenthal was re-elected in 2016 with 63.2% of the vote.

Former state House minority leader Themis Klarides ran for the Republican nomination,[88] but lost to commodities trader Leora Levy.

Florida

Florida election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Marco Rubio Val Demings
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 4,474,847 3,201,522
Percentage 57.7% 41.3%

County results
Rubio:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      90–100%
Demings:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Marco Rubio
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

Marco Rubio
Republican

Two-term Republican Marco Rubio was re-elected in 2016 with 52% of the vote. He announced on November 9, 2020, via Facebook, that he was running for re-election.[89]

U.S. representative Val Demings was the Democratic nominee.[90]

Ivanka Trump, daughter and former senior advisor to former president Donald Trump, was seen as a potential candidate to challenge Rubio for the Republican nomination.[91] However, on February 18, 2021, it was confirmed that she would not seek the nomination.[92]

Rubio defeated Demings, winning re-election to a third term.

Georgia

Georgia election

← 2020–21 (special) November 8, 2022 (first round)
December 6, 2022 (runoff)
2028 →
 
Candidate Raphael Warnock Herschel Walker
Party Democratic Republican
First round 1,946,117
49.4%
1,908,442
48.5%
Runoff 1,820,633
51.4%
1,721,244
48.6%

First round county results
Runoff county results
Warnock:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Walker:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%

U.S. senator before election

Raphael Warnock
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Raphael Warnock
Democratic

Incumbent Democrat Raphael Warnock won the 2020–2021 special election against incumbent Republican Kelly Loeffler to fill the remainder of former senator Johnny Isakson's term. Isakson resigned at the end of 2019 due to health problems, and Loeffler was appointed by Governor Brian Kemp following Isakson's resignation. No candidate in the open election on November 3 received the 50% required by Georgia law to avoid a run-off, a type of election colloquially known as a "jungle primary"[93]—Warnock received just 32.9% of the vote—and so, a run-off election between Warnock and Loeffler was held on January 5, 2021, which Warnock won with 51% of the vote.

Former Republican senator David Perdue, who narrowly lost his race to Democratic challenger Jon Ossoff in 2021,[94] and former U.S. representative Doug Collins[95] both considered challenging Warnock, but eventually announced they were not running.[96]

Former NFL player Herschel Walker,[97] who had been endorsed by former president Donald Trump,[98] defeated banking executive Latham Saddler[99] and others in the Republican primary.

In the general election, no candidate received a majority of the vote.[100] Warnock defeated Walker in a runoff between the top-two finishers on December 6.[101]

Hawaii

Hawaii election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Brian Schatz Bob McDermott
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 290,894 106,358
Percentage 71.2% 26.0%

County results
Schatz:      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Brian Schatz
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Brian Schatz
Democratic

One-term Democrat Brian Schatz was appointed to the Senate in 2012, following the death of incumbent Daniel Inouye. He won a special election to finish Inouye's term in 2014, and won his first full term in 2016 with 73.6% of the vote. Republican state representative Bob McDermott challenged Schatz.[102]

Idaho

Idaho election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Mike Crapo David Roth Scott Cleveland
Party Republican Democratic Independent
Popular vote 358,539 169,808 49,917
Percentage 60.7% 28.7% 8.5%

County results
Crapo:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Roth:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Mike Crapo
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Mike Crapo
Republican

Four-term Republican Mike Crapo was re-elected in 2016 with 66.1% of the vote. He is running for re-election to a fifth term.[103] Democrat David Roth faced Crapo in the general election after defeating Ben Pursley in the primary.[104]

Illinois

Illinois election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Tammy Duckworth Kathy Salvi
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 2,329,136 1,701,055
Percentage 56.8% 41.5%

County results
Duckworth:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Salvi:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

U.S. senator before election

Tammy Duckworth
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Tammy Duckworth
Democratic

One-term Democrat Tammy Duckworth was elected in 2016 with 54.9% of the vote. She defeated Republican attorney Kathy Salvi in the general election.[105]

Indiana

Indiana election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Todd Young Thomas McDermott Jr.
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 1,090,165 704,411
Percentage 58.6% 37.9%

County results
Young:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
McDermott:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Todd Young
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

Todd Young
Republican

First-term Republican Todd Young was elected in 2016 with 52.1% of the vote. He announced on March 2, 2021, that he was running for re-election.[106] Hammond mayor Thomas McDermott Jr. won the Democratic nomination.[107] James Sceniak, a behavior therapist, was the Libertarian candidate.

Young defeated McDermott, winning re-election to a second term.

Iowa

Iowa election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Chuck Grassley Michael Franken
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 681,501 533,330
Percentage 56.0% 43.8%

County results
Grassley:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Franken:      50–60%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Chuck Grassley
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Chuck Grassley
Republican

Seven-term Republican Chuck Grassley was re-elected in 2016 with 60.1% of the vote. He sought re-election to an eighth term.[108]

In the Republican primary, Grassley defeated state senator Jim Carlin.[109]

Retired admiral and former aide to U.S. senator Ted Kennedy, Michael Franken,[110] was the Democratic nominee. Franken defeated former U.S. representative Abby Finkenauer in the primary in what was seen as a major upset.[111][112]

Grassley defeated Franken, winning re-election to an eighth term.

Kansas

Kansas election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Jerry Moran Mark Holland
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 602,976 372,214
Percentage 60.0% 37.0%

County results
Moran:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Holland:      40–50%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Jerry Moran
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Jerry Moran
Republican

Two-term Republican Jerry Moran was re-elected in 2016 with 62.2% of the vote. He announced that he was seeking re-election in 2020.[113] Democratic United Methodist pastor and former Kansas City Mayor Mark Holland challenged Moran.[114]

Kentucky

Kentucky election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Rand Paul Charles Booker
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 913,326 564,311
Percentage 61.8% 38.2%

County results
Paul:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Booker:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Rand Paul
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Rand Paul
Republican

Two-term Republican Rand Paul was re-elected in 2016 with 57.3% of the vote. He sought re-election to a third term.[115]

Former Democratic state Representative and 2020 runner-up in the Democratic U.S. Senate primary Charles Booker won the Democratic primary.[116]

Louisiana

Louisiana election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee John Kennedy Gary Chambers Luke Mixon
Party Republican Democratic Democratic
Popular vote 851,568 246,933 182,877
Percentage 61.6% 17.9% 13.2%

Parish results
Kennedy:      30–40%      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      90–100%
Chambers:      40–50%

U.S. senator before election

John Kennedy
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

John Kennedy
Republican

One-term Republican John Kennedy was elected in 2016 with 60.6% of the vote and ran for a second term.[117] Civil rights activist Gary Chambers and U.S. Navy veteran Luke Mixon ran as Democrats.[118][119]

Maryland

Maryland election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Chris Van Hollen Chris Chaffee
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 1,316,897 682,293
Percentage 65.8% 34.1%

County results
Van Hollen:      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Chaffee:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Chris Van Hollen
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Chris Van Hollen
Democratic

One-term Democrat Chris Van Hollen was elected in 2016 with 60.9% of the vote, and ran for a second term.[120]

Despite previously indicating that he had no interest in pursuing the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate, incumbent governor Larry Hogan, who was term-limited and scheduled to leave office in 2023, told conservative talk radio host Hugh Hewitt in October 2021 that he was considering challenging Van Hollen. Hogan ultimately decided not to challenge Van Hollen on February 8, 2022.[121][122][123]

Van Hollen and construction company owner Chris Chaffee won their respective primaries on July 19.[124]

Missouri

Missouri election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Eric Schmitt Trudy Busch Valentine
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 1,146,966 872,694
Percentage 55.4% 42.2%

County results
Schmitt:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Busch Valentine:      50–60%      60–70%      80–90%

U.S. senator before election

Roy Blunt
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Eric Schmitt
Republican

Two-term Republican Roy Blunt was re-elected in 2016 with 49.2% of the vote. He did not seek re-election.[44]

State attorney general Eric Schmitt defeated former governor Eric Greitens,[125] and U.S. representatives Vicky Hartzler and Billy Long in the Republican primary.[126][127][128]

Anheuser-Busch heiress Trudy Busch Valentine[129] defeated Marine veteran Lucas Kunce[130] in the Democratic primary.[127]

Nevada

Nevada election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Catherine Cortez Masto Adam Laxalt
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 498,316 490,388
Percentage 48.8% 48.0%

County results
Cortez Masto:      50–60%
Laxalt:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

U.S. senator before election

Catherine Cortez Masto
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Catherine Cortez Masto
Democratic

One-term Democrat Catherine Cortez Masto was elected in 2016 with 47.1% of the vote. She ran for re-election.[131]

Former state attorney general Adam Laxalt ran against Cortez Masto for the seat once held by his maternal grandfather Paul Laxalt.[132]

New Hampshire

New Hampshire election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Maggie Hassan Don Bolduc
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 332,193 275,928
Percentage 53.5% 44.4%

County results
Hassan:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%
Bolduc:      40–50%      50–60%

U.S. senator before election

Maggie Hassan
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Maggie Hassan
Democratic

One-term Democrat Maggie Hassan was elected in 2016 with 48% of the vote. She ran for re-election.[133]

New Hampshire governor Chris Sununu, who was re-elected in 2020 with 65.2% of the vote, declined to run.[134]

U.S. Army brigadier general Don Bolduc narrowly defeated state senator Chuck Morse, former Londonderry town manager Kevin Smith, and others in the Republican primary.[133]

New York

New York election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Chuck Schumer Joe Pinion
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 3,320,561 2,501,151
Percentage 56.8% 42.8%

County results
Schumer:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Pinion:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Chuck Schumer
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Chuck Schumer
Democratic

Incumbent four-term Democratic Party Senator Chuck Schumer, who had served as Senate Majority Leader since 2021 and had held New York's Class 3 Senate seat since defeating Republican Party incumbent Al D'Amato in 1998, ran for a fifth term. Republican Party challenger Joe Pinion was the first black Senate nominee of any major party in New York history. The filing deadline for the June primary was April 7, 2022.[135] Schumer became the longest-serving U.S. senator in the state's history once his fifth term began.[136]

Though Schumer was comfortably re-elected, he lost significant support on Long Island and Upstate New York compared to his last election in 2016. Pinion flipped the more conservative counties that Schumer had won in his previous runs, as well as some Democratic leaning counties such as Nassau, Saratoga, Broome, Clinton, and Essex. However, Schumer's lead was large enough in New York City that it was called by most media outlets the moment the polls closed.[137]

Despite Democrats overperforming expectations on a national level during this cycle, this race was the most competitive in Schumer's Senate career since his first election in 1998, when he won by 10.5%.

North Carolina

North Carolina election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Ted Budd Cheri Beasley
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 1,905,786 1,784,049
Percentage 50.5% 47.3%

County results
Budd:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Beasley:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

U.S. senator before election

Richard Burr
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Ted Budd
Republican

Three-term Republican Richard Burr was re-elected in 2016 with 51.0% of the vote. Burr pledged to retire in 2023.[45]

Veteran and senior fellow at the Center for International Policy, Mathew Hoh ran for senate with the Green Party.[138]

Lara Trump, daughter-in-law of former president Donald Trump, and Lieutenant Governor Mark Robinson briefly considered running for U.S. Senate, but both decided not to run.[139][140][141][142]

U.S. representative Ted Budd, who was endorsed by former president Donald Trump, easily defeated former governor Pat McCrory in the Republican primary.[143][144][141]

Former chief justice of the state Supreme Court Cheri Beasley[145] easily defeated Beaufort mayor Rett Newton[146] in the Democratic primary.[147]

North Dakota

North Dakota election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee John Hoeven Katrina Christiansen Rick Becker
Party Republican Democratic–NPL Independent
Popular vote 135,474 59,995 44,406
Percentage 56.4% 25.0% 18.5%

County results
Hoeven:      40–50%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Christiansen:      40–50%     50–60%

U.S. senator before election

John Hoeven
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

John Hoeven
Republican

Two-term Republican John Hoeven was re-elected in 2016 with 78.5% of the vote. On February 4, 2021, Hoeven campaign spokesman Dan Larson indicated that Hoeven was running for re-election in 2022.[148][149] University of Jamestown engineering professor Katrina Christiansen defeated businessman Michael Steele in the Democratic primary election.[150] Former state representative Rick Becker challenged Hoeven in the Republican primary but withdrew after losing the convention.[151]

Hoeven and Christiansen won their respective primaries on June 14.[152]

Ohio

Ohio election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee J. D. Vance Tim Ryan
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 2,192,114 1,939,489
Percentage 53.0% 46.9%

County results
Vance:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Ryan:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Rob Portman
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

J. D. Vance
Republican

Two-term Republican Rob Portman was re-elected in 2016 with 58% of the vote. On January 25, 2021, he announced that he would not be running for re-election.[59]

Venture capitalist and author J. D. Vance was nominated in a crowded and competitive Republican primary, defeating USMCR veteran and former state treasurer Josh Mandel, state senator Matt Dolan, investment banker Mike Gibbons, and former Ohio Republican Party chair Jane Timken, among others.[153] Vance was endorsed by former president Donald Trump late in the primary.[154]

U.S. representative and 2020 presidential candidate, Tim Ryan, was the Democratic nominee.

Oklahoma

There were two elections in Oklahoma due to the resignation of Jim Inhofe.

Oklahoma (regular)

Oklahoma regular election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee James Lankford Madison Horn
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 739,960 369,370
Percentage 64.3% 32.1%

County results
Lankford:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

U.S. senator before election

James Lankford
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

James Lankford
Republican

One-term Republican James Lankford won the 2014 special election to serve the remainder of former U.S. senator Tom Coburn's term.[155] Lankford won election to his first full term in 2016 with 67.7% of the vote. He announced that he would be running for re-election on April 6, 2021. Two Democratic candidates were competing in the runoff Democratic primary election.[156][157]

Jackson Lahmeyer, the pastor for Sheridan Church and former Oklahoma State coordinator for the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association, challenged Lankford in the Republican primary.[158]

Oklahoma (special)

Oklahoma special election

← 2020
2026 →
 
Nominee Markwayne Mullin Kendra Horn
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 710,643 405,389
Percentage 61.8% 35.2%

County results
Mullin:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Horn:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election

Jim Inhofe
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

Markwayne Mullin
Republican

Five-term incumbent Republican Jim Inhofe had been re-elected with 63% of the vote in 2020 and was not scheduled to be up for election again until 2026. However, Inhofe announced his intention to resign at the end of the 117th U.S. Congress. A special election to fill his seat took place in November 2022, concurrent with the other Senate elections.[49] U.S. representative Markwayne Mullin defeated state House speaker T. W. Shannon in the runoff Republican primary election. Mullin and Shannon defeated Inhofe's chief of staff Luke Holland and others in the initial Republican primary election.[159][160][161] Former U.S. representative Kendra Horn was the Democratic nominee, being her party's only candidate.[162][163]

Markwayne Mullin, a member of the Cherokee Nation, became the first Native American to serve in the U.S. Senate since fellow Republican Ben Nighthorse Campbell retired from Congress in 2005.[164]

Oregon

Oregon election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Ron Wyden Jo Rae Perkins
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 1,076,424 788,991
Percentage 55.8% 40.9%

County results
Wyden:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Perkins:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Ron Wyden
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Ron Wyden
Democratic

Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Ron Wyden, who was first elected in a 1996 special election, ran for a fifth full term.[165] Jo Rae Perkins, who unsuccessfully ran for Oregon's other Senate seat in 2020, won the Republican primary with 33.3% of the vote.[166] The four candidates filing with the Oregon Secretary of State for this election included Chris Henry of the Oregon Progressive Party and Dan Pulju of the Pacific Green Party.[167]

Wyden ultimately won the election with 55.8% of the statewide vote. This is the first victory of Wyden's since 1996 where none of the following counties went Democratic in a Senate Class III election: Gilliam, Jackson, Marion, Polk, Wasco and Yamhill. It is also the first time Columbia County supported the Republican nominee over Wyden.[168]

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee John Fetterman Mehmet Oz
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 2,751,012 2,487,260
Percentage 51.2% 46.3%

County results
Fetterman:      50–60%      60–70%      80–90%
Oz:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

U.S. senator before election

Pat Toomey
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

John Fetterman
Democratic

Two-term Republican Pat Toomey was re-elected in 2016 with 48.8% of the vote. On October 5, 2020, Toomey announced that he would retire at the end of his term.[47]

Lieutenant Governor John Fetterman[169] easily defeated state representative Malcolm Kenyatta and U.S. representative Conor Lamb in the Democratic primary.[170]

Mehmet Oz, host of The Dr. Oz Show and cardiothoracic surgeon,[171] narrowly defeated business executive David McCormick, 2018 U.S. Senate candidate Jeff Bartos,[172] 2018 candidate for Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district Sean Gale,[173] political commentator Kathy Barnette,[174] and former U.S. ambassador to Denmark Carla Sands,[175] after a bitter Republican primary.

South Carolina

South Carolina election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Tim Scott Krystle Matthews
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 1,066,274 627,616
Percentage 62.9% 37.0%

County results
Scott:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Matthews:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Tim Scott
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

Tim Scott
Republican

One-term Republican Tim Scott was appointed in 2013 and won election to his first full term in 2016 with 60.6% of the vote. He said that while he ran for re-election in 2022, it would be his last time.[176] In the Democratic primary, state representative Krystle Matthews defeated author and activist Catherine Fleming Bruce[177] in a runoff.[178][179] Angela Geter, chairwoman of the Spartanburg County Democratic Party, also ran in the primary.[180][181][182]

South Dakota

South Dakota election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee John Thune Brian Bengs
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 242,316 91,007
Percentage 69.6% 26.2%

County results
Thune:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Bengs:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

John Thune
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

John Thune
Republican

Three-term Republican and U.S. Senate minority whip John Thune was re-elected in 2016 with 71.8% of the vote and ran for reelection to a fourth term.[183] Thune had been subject to some backlash from former president Trump and his supporters in the state of South Dakota, leading to speculation of a potential primary challenge.[184] He defeated Bruce Whalen, an Oglala Sioux tribal administrator and former chair of the Oglala Lakota County Republican Party in the Republican primary.[185]

The Democratic candidate was author, navy veteran, and assistant professor of criminal justice at Northern State University, Brian Bengs, who won the primary unopposed.[186]

Utah

Utah election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Mike Lee Evan McMullin
Party Republican Independent
Popular vote 571,974 459,958
Percentage 53.2% 42.8%

County results
Lee:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
McMullin:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Mike Lee
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

Mike Lee
Republican

Two-term Republican Mike Lee was re-elected in 2016 with 68.2% of the vote. He defeated former state representative Becky Edwards as well as businessman and political advisor Ally Isom in the Republican primary.[187]

The Utah Democratic Party declined to field their own candidate against Lee and instead endorsed independent Evan McMullin, a political activist, former Republican, former CIA operations officer, and 2016 presidential candidate.[188]

Incumbent senator Mike Lee won re-election to a third term, defeating Independent candidate Evan McMullin. This was the first Senate election in Utah's history in which there was no Democratic nominee. Lee's performance was the worst for a Republican in a Utah U.S. Senate election since 1974, while McMullin's was the best ever for an independent in a Utah U.S. Senate race and the best for a non-Republican since 1976.

Vermont

2022 United States Senate election in Vermont

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Peter Welch Gerald Malloy
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 196,575 80,468
Percentage 68.5% 28.0%

County results
Welch:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Patrick Leahy
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Peter Welch
Democratic

The most senior senator, an eight-term Democrat and president pro tempore Patrick Leahy, was re-elected in 2016 with 61.3% of the vote. On November 15, 2021, Leahy announced that he would not seek re-election to a ninth term.[48]

Vermont's at-large representative, Democrat Peter Welch, ran to succeed Leahy.[189]

Former military officer Gerald Malloy was the Republican nominee, having narrowly defeated former United States attorney for the District of Vermont Christina Nolan in the primary.[189]

Washington

Washington election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Candidate Patty Murray Tiffany Smiley
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 1,741,827 1,299,322
Percentage 57.2% 42.6%

County results
Murray:      50–60%      70–80%
Smiley:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Patty Murray
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Patty Murray
Democratic

In 2022, the Washington state blanket primary had 18 candidates on the ballot for the U.S. Senate seat.[190] Democrat Patty Murray ran for re-election to a sixth term.[191] She won her place on the general election ballot with 52.2% of the vote.[190] Republican nurse Tiffany Smiley also ran for the Senate seat,[192] and advanced to the general election after coming in second in the blanket primary with 33.7% of the vote.[190]

Murray defeated Smiley and won re-election to a sixth term in the November 8, 2022 election, receiving 57% of the vote.[193][194] Smiley conceded the following day.[195]

Wisconsin

Wisconsin election

← 2016
2028 →
 
Nominee Ron Johnson Mandela Barnes
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 1,337,185 1,310,467
Percentage 50.4% 49.4%

County results
Johnson:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Barnes:      50–60%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Ron Johnson
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Ron Johnson
Republican

Incumbent Republican Senator Ron Johnson won re-election to a third term, defeating the Democratic nominee, Lieutenant Governor Mandela Barnes.[196]

In 2016, Johnson had pledged to serve only two terms in the Senate. He reversed this decision in 2022.[197] The race was one of the most competitive of the cycle, and it followed considerable Democratic success in recent statewide elections. In 2018, Democrats won every statewide contest on the ballot, including the election for the state's other Senate seat. In 2020, Democrat Joe Biden narrowly carried the state in the presidential election.[198]

Notes

  1. ^ Majority control in an evenly divided Senate is determined by the Vice President of the United States, who has the power to break tied votes in their constitutional capacity as President of the Senate. Accordingly, Senate control requires 51 seats without control of the vice presidency or 50 seats with control of the vice presidency.
  2. ^ a b Independent senators Angus King and Bernie Sanders caucus with Democrats.
  3. ^ Although the 2020 elections yielded a 50–50 tie between the Democratic and Republican caucuses, Democrats took the majority due to their concurrent victory in the presidential election, with Vice President Kamala Harris empowered to act as tie-breaker.
  4. ^ a b Kyrsten Sinema, whose seat was not up for election in 2022, left the Democratic Party and became an independent politician in December 2022, after the election but before the swearing in of the next Congress. As a result, 48 Democrats (rather than 49), plus King and Sanders, independents who caucus with Democrats, served in the 118th United States Congress. Sinema has opted to caucus with neither party but to continue to align with the Democrats, bringing the Democratic Senate majority to 51 seats.[1]
  5. ^ a b For the Georgia race, only the runoff results are counted.
  6. ^ a b In the 1914 U.S. Senate elections, no incumbent senator lost a general election, but two senators, one each from Kansas and South Dakota, lost renomination in their primary elections.
  7. ^ Three previous elections have taken place in which both major-party nominees were Black: the 2004 U.S. Senate election in Illinois, the 2014 U.S. Senate special election in South Carolina, and the 2016 U.S. Senate election in South Carolina.
  8. ^ Democratic incumbents were reelected in Michigan, Montana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Wisconsin, while Republicans flipped Florida, Indiana, Missouri, and North Dakota.
  9. ^ a b c Includes Alex Padilla, an interim appointee to a Class 3 seat who ran in concurrent special and general elections in California.
  10. ^ In Oklahoma, following Jim Inhofe's announced resignation before the expiration of his term.
  11. ^ Georgia was the "tipping-point state"
  12. ^ The top two candidates in the Alaska Senate race were Republicans. Murkowski, a moderate Republican, defeated Kelly Tshibaka, a Republican endorsed by former president Donald Trump.
  13. ^ a b In both the regular election and the special election.
  14. ^ Appointee elected in both special and general election.
  15. ^ The last elections for this group of senators were in 2016, except for those elected in a special election or who were appointed after the resignation or passing of a sitting senator, as noted.
  16. ^ FiveThirtyEight has three separate models for their House and Senate ratings: Lite (polling data only), Classic (polls, fundraising, and past voting patterns), and Deluxe (Classic alongside experts' ratings). This table uses the Deluxe model.
  17. ^ Republican John McCain won with 53.7% of the vote in 2016, but died on August 25, 2018.
  18. ^ Democrat Kamala Harris won with 61.6% of the vote against another Democrat in 2016, but resigned on January 18, 2021, to become Vice President of the United States.
  19. ^ Republican Johnny Isakson won with 54.8% of the vote in 2016, but resigned on December 31, 2019.
  20. ^ This race was decided in a run-off on December 6, 2022, after no candidate reached 50% of the vote on November 8.
  21. ^ Democratic total includes two independents who caucus with Democratic Party.
  22. ^ Major candidates include those who have previously held office and/or those who are the subject of media attention.
  23. ^ Senator Richard Shelby was originally elected as a Democrat in 1986 and 1992 before switching to a Republican in 1994. Shelby won re-election as a Republican in 1998, 2004, 2010 and 2016.

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