2024 in paleobotany
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This paleobotany list records new fossil plant taxa that were to be described during the year 2024, as well as notes other significant paleobotany discoveries and events which occurred during 2024.
Algae
Charophytes
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Echinochara pontis[1] | Sp. nov | Pérez-Cano & Martín-Closas | Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) | Els Mangraners Formation | A member of the family Clavatoraceae. |
Chlorophytes
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bediaella[2] | Gen. et sp. nov | Ernst, Vachard & Rodríguez | Devonian (Pragian) | A probable member of Dasycladales. The type species is B. hispanica. | |||||
Clypeina? pamelareidae[3] | Sp. nov | Valid | Bucur, Del Piero & Martini | Late Triassic (Norian) | A member of Dasycladales. | ||||
Harpericystis[4] | Gen. et sp. nov | Krings | Devonian | A probable member of Chlorophyta. The type species is H. verecunda. | |||||
Jimaodanus[5] | Nom. nov | Pu | Silurian (Llandovery) | Waukesha Lagerstätte | A dasycladalean alga; a replacement name for Heterocladus LoDuca, Kluessendorf & Mikulic (2003). |
Ochrophytes
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Houjiashania[6] | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Liu et al. | Ediacaran | A possible brown alga. The type species is H. yuxiensis. Announced in 2023; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2024. |
Rhodophyta
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amphiroa dabbabensis[7] | Sp. nov | Hamad | Pliocene | Shagra Formation | A species of Amphiroa. |
Other algae
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characrhynium[8] | Gen. et sp. nov | Krings | Devonian | Windyfield chert | A probable unicellular alga. Genus includes new species C. amoenum. |
Phycological research
- Evidence from genomic data, interpreted as indicating that the brown algae originated during the Ordovician but their major diversification happened during the Mesozoic, is presented by Choi et al. (2024).[9]
- Kiel et al. (2024) report the discovery of kelp holdfasts from the Oligocene strata in Washington State (United States), providing evidence of the presence of kelp in the northeastern Pacific Ocean since the earliest Oligocene.[10]
- Putative dasycladalean alga Voronocladus dryganti from the Silurian of Ukraine is argued by LoDuca (2024) to be a member of Bryopsidales; the author also reinterprets purported graptolite-like epibionts of V. dryganti, originally described as the new taxon Podoliagraptus algaeoides, as actually representing the uppermost siphons of mature thalli of V. dryganti.[11]
- A diverse charophyte flora, including fossil material of Echinochara cf. peckii representing the oldest record of the family Clavatoraceae reported to date, is described from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) marginal marine beds of southern France by Trabelsi, Sames & Martín-Closas (2024).[12]
Non-vascular plants
Bryophyta
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jamesrossia[13] | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Walker et al. | Late Cretaceous (Campanian) | Antarctica | A moss belonging to the family Rhabdoweisiaceae. The type species is J. plicata. |
Marchantiophyta
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frullania delgadillii[14] | Sp. nov | Juárez-Martínez & Estrada-Ruiz in Juárez-Martínez, Córdova-Tabares & Estrada-Ruiz | Miocene | Mexican amber | |||||
Jubula polessica[15] | Sp. nov | Valid | Mamontov, Atwood & Perkovsky in Mamontov et al. | Eocene | A liverwort, a species of Jubula. | ||||
Leptoscyphus davidii[16] | Sp. nov | Valid | Mamontov et al. | Eocene | Rovno amber | A liverwort, a species of Leptoscyphus. | |||
Nipponolejeunea rovnoi[17] | Sp. nov | Mamontov et al. | Eocene | Rovno amber | A liverwort. | ||||
Nipponolejeunea solodovnikovii[17] | Sp. nov | Mamontov et al. | Eocene | Rovno amber | A liverwort. | ||||
Radula tikhomirovae[18] | Sp. nov | Valid | Mamontov & Perkovsky in Mamontov et al. | Eocene | A liverwort, a species of Radula. |
Lycophytes
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heliodendron[19] | Gen. et sp. nov | Junior homonym | Qin et al. | Devonian | Wutong Formation | A member of Isoetales belonging to the group Dichostrobiles. The type species is H. longshanense. The generic name is preoccupied by Heliodendron Gill.K.Br. & Bayly (2022). | |||
Sp. nov | Pšenička, Bek & Nelson | Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) | |||||||
Selaginellites argentinensis[21] | Sp. nov | Valid | Cariglino, Zavattieri & Lara | Triassic | A member of the family Selaginellaceae. |
Ferns and fern allies
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bussacoconus[22] | Gen. et sp. nov | Correia & Sá | Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) | Vale da Mó Formation | A member of Sphenophyllales. Genus includes new species B. zeliapereirae. | ||||
Cystodium parasorbifolium[23] | Sp. nov | Li & Moran in Guo et al. | Cretaceous | Burmese amber | A member of the family Cystodiaceae. | ||||
Equicalastrobus glabratus[24] | Sp. nov | Valid | Procopio Rodríguez, Bodnar & Beltrán | Middle Triassic (Ladinian) | Cortaderita Formation | A member of the family Equisetaceae. | |||
Henanotheca qingyunensis[25] | Sp. nov | Valid | Guo, Zhou & Feng in Guo et al. | Permian (Lopingian) | Xuanwei Formation | A filicalean fern. | |||
Hexaphyllostrobus[26] | Gen. et sp. nov | D'Antonio et al. | Carboniferous | A member of Sphenophyllales. Genus includes new species H. kostorhysii. | |||||
Jerana[27] | Gen. et sp. nov | Meyer-Berthaud et al. | Devonian (Givetian) | A member of Cladoxylopsida. Genus includes new species J. modica. | |||||
Sp. nov | Kuipers, van Konijnenburg-van Cittert & Wagner-Cremer | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | A member of Equisetales. | ||||||
Palaeosorum siwalikum[29] | Sp. nov | Valid | Kundu, Hazra & Khan in Kundu et al. | Miocene | A member of the family Polypodiaceae. Announced in 2023; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2024. | ||||
Sp. nov | Liu et al. | Cretaceous | Songliao Basin |
Pteridological research
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships of extant and fossil members of Cyatheales, and on the biogeography of the group throughout its evolutionary history, is published by Ramírez-Barahona (2024).[31]
- Machado et al. (2024) describe fossil material of Pteridium sp. cf. P. esculentum from the Miocene Ñirihuau Formation (Argentina) representing the oldest and southernmost record of Pteridium from South America reported to date.[32]
Bennettitales
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comb. nov | (Wieland) | Early Jurassic (Toarcian) | Rosario Formation | A member of Bennettitales. Moved from Williamsonia huitzilopochtli Wieland. | |||||
Williamsoniella rosarensis[34] | Sp. nov | Velasco de León et al. | Early-Middle Jurassic | Cualac Formation | A member of Bennettitales belonging to the family Williamsoniaceae. |
Conifers
Araucariaceae
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Araucaria timkarikensis[35] | Sp. nov | Slodownik | Eocene | A species of Araucaria. |
Cupressaceae
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amurodendron[36] | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Sokolova et al. | Paleocene | A conifer with affinities with the family Cupressaceae. The type species is A. pilosum. Published online in 2024, but the issue date is listed as December 2023. | ||||
Cunninghamia nakatonbetsuensis[37] | Sp. nov | Valid | Jiang & Yamada in Jiang et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Heitaro-zawa Formation | A species of Cunninghamia. | |||
Cupressoxylon dianneae[38] | Sp. nov | Valid | Vanner et al. | Cretaceous |
Pinaceae
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paranothotsuga[39] | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Kowalski in Kowalski et al. | Oligocene to Pliocene | Cottbus Formation | The type species is "Pseudotsuga" jechorekiae Czaja (2000). | |||
Pseudotsuga lesvosensis[40] | Sp. nov | Zhu, Li, Wang & Zouros in Zhu et al. | Miocene | Sigri Pyroclastic Formation | A species of Pseudotsuga. | ||||
Tsuga weichangensis[41] | Sp. nov | In press | Li et al. | Miocene | A species of Tsuga. |
Podocarpaceae
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Podocarpus paralungatikensis[35] | Sp. nov | Slodownik | Eocene | A species of Podocarpus. | |||||
Protophyllocladoxylon jacobusii[38] | Sp. nov | Valid | Vanner et al. | Cretaceous | Tupuangi Formation |
Voltziales
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Archaeovoltzia kuedensis[42] | Sp. nov | Valid | Naugolnykh | Permian |
Other conifers
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cratoxylon[43] | Gen. et sp. nov | Conceição et al. | Early Cretaceous | A member of Pinidae of uncertain affinities. The type species is C. placidoi. The name is preoccupied by Cratoxylon Blume. | |||||
Ferganiella ivantsovii[44] | Sp. nov | Valid | Frolov & Mashchuk | Early Jurassic (Toarcian) | Prisayan Formation | ||||
Ourostrobus einbergensis[45] | Sp. nov | Valid | Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert et al. | Late Triassic (Rhaetian) | A conifer cone. | ||||
Shanxiopitys[46] | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Shi et al. | Permian (Lopingian) | Sunjiagou Formation | A conifer wood. The type species is S. zhangziensis. | |||
Sphaerostrobus einbergensis[45] | Sp. nov | Valid | Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert et al. | Late Triassic (Rhaetian) | A conifer cone. |
Conifer research
- Decombeix, Hiller & Bomfleur (2024) describe a dwarf conifer tree from the Middle Triassic strata in Antarctica preserving evidence suppressed growth likely caused by stressful local site conditions in spite of overall favorable regional climate, representing the first finding of a tree with such suppressed growth in the fossil record reported to date.[47]
- Xie, Gee & Griebeler (2024) use growth models based on the height–diameter relationships of extant araucarians to determine heights of araucariaceous logs from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation (Utah, United States).[48]
Gnetophyta
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Laiyangia[49] | Gen. et sp. nov | Jin in Jin et al. | Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian–Barremian) | Laiyang Formation | A member of the family Ephedraceae. The type species is L. compacta. |
Flowering plants
Chloranthoids
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asterostemon[50] | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Friis, Crane & Pedersen in Friis et al. | Early Cretaceous | Figueira da Foz Formation | A chloranthoid flowering plant. | ||||
Swamyflora[50] | Gen. et sp. nov | Friis, Crane & Pedersen in Friis et al. | Early Cretaceous | Potomac Group | A chloranthoid flowering plant. | ||||
Wasmyflora[50] | Gen. et sp. nov | Friis, Crane & Pedersen in Friis et al. | Early Cretaceous | Vale de Água clay pit complex | A chloranthoid flowering plant. |
Magnoliids
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cryptocarya latiradiata[51] | Sp. nov | Zhang, Su & Oskolski in Zhang et al. | Miocene | Dajie Formation | A species of Cryptocarya. | ||||
Magnolia germanica[39] | Comb. nov | Valid | (Mai) | Oligocene to Miocene | A species of Magnolia; moved from Manglietia germanica Mai (1971). | ||||
Pabiania enochii[52] | Sp. nov | Rubalcava-Knoth & Cevallos-Ferriz | Late Cretaceous | A member of Laurales. |
Magnoliid research
- The first fossil record of a flower of a member of the genus Cryptocarya is reported from the Miocene Zhangpu amber (China) by Beurel et al. (2024).[53]
Monocots
Arecales
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cryosophiloxylon indicum[54] | Sp. nov | Valid | Kumar & Khan | Cretaceous-Paleocene (Maastrichtian-Danian) | A member of the tribe Cryosophileae. Published online in 2023; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2024. | ||||
Sp. nov | Kumar, Roy & Khan in Kumar et al. | Cretaceous-Paleocene (Maastrichtian-Danian) | Deccan Intertrappean Beds | Fossil wood of a member of the family Arecaceae and the subfamily Calamoideae. | |||||
Palmoxylon coryphaoides[56] | Sp. nov | Valid | Ali, Roy & Khan in Ali et al. | Cretaceous-Paleocene (Maastrichtian-Danian) | Deccan Intertrappean Beds | Fossil wood of a member of the family Arecaceae. | |||
Sp. nov | Valid | Mahato & Khan | Miocene | Chunabati Formation | Published online in 2024, but the issue date is listed as December 2023. | ||||
Spinopinnophyllum[58] | Gen. et sp. nov | Kumar, Su & Khan in Kumar et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)-Paleocene (Danian) | A member of the family Arecaceae. The type species is S. acanthorachis. |
Dioscoreales
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dioscorea lindgrenii[59] | Sp. nov | Valid | Herrera & Manchester | Eocene | Green River Formation | A species of Dioscorea. | |||
Dioscorea shermanii[59] | Sp. nov | Valid | Herrera & Manchester | Eocene | Green River Formation | A species of Dioscorea. |
Poales
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sparganium tuberculatum[39] | Sp. nov | Valid | Kowalski in Kowalski et al. | Miocene | Spremberg Formation | A species of Sparganium. |
Monocot research
- A study on the phytolith morphology of palms and on the utility of phytoliths for reconstructions of environment of fossils palms is published by Brightly et al. (2024), who find that phytoliths do not reliably differentiate most palm taxa, though they might be useful to determine the presence of more distinct (and possibly environmentally informative) members of the group in the fossil record.[60]
- Fossil material of palms resembling members of the extant tribe Cocoseae is described from the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition of the Deccan Intertrappean Beds (Madhya Pradesh, India) by Kumar, Manchester & Khan (2024), who interpret cocosoid palms as dominant among the arecoid palms of the Deccan Intertrappean beds in Madhya Pradesh.[61]
- A study on the affinities of elongated fossil fruits of members of the genus Carex, providing evidence of the continued presence of Carex sect. Cyperoideae in the Old World since the Miocene, is published by Martinetto et al. (2024).[62]
Basal eudicots
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Palaeosinomenium oisensis[63] | Sp. nov | Valid | Kara et al. | Paleocene | A member of the family Menispermaceae. Published online in 2023; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2024. | ||||
Platanites fremontensis[64] | Comb. nov | (Berry) | Eocene | A member of Proteales belonging to the family Platanaceae; moved from Negundo fremontensis Berry (1930). | |||||
Platanites montanus[64] | Comb. nov | (Brown) | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | A member of Proteales belonging to the family Platanaceae; moved from Sassafras montana Brown (1939). | |||||
Sabia megacarpa[65] | Sp. nov | Valid | Latchaw & Manchester | Miocene | Succor Creek Formation | A member of Proteales belonging to the family Sabiaceae. |
- Patel et al. (2024) describe fossil reproductive organ of a member of the genus Nelumbo from the Palana Formation (India), and interpret this finding as indicative of the existence of a freshwater ecosystem in the Rajasthan Basin during the early Eocene.[66]
- Danika et al. (2024) describe leaf fossils of Platanus academiae from the Miocene to Pleistocene strata in Greece, trace the presence of morphological traits characteristic of the Pacific North American–European clade of members of the genus Platanus (including Platanus orientalis, Platanus racemosa and Platanus wrightii) in the fossil record of North American and Eurasian Platanus, and argue that modern distribution of members of the Pacific North American–European clade is more likely the result of migration from through Beringia into Asia than the result of a migration through North Atlantic.[67]
Superasterids
Boraginales
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cordioxylon indicum[68] | Sp. nov | Valid | Bhatia, Srivastava & Mehrotra | Miocene | Tipam Sandstone | Fossil wood of a member of the genus Cordia. Announced in 2023; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2024. |
Caryophyllales
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ancistrocladus eocenicus[69] | Sp. nov | Ali, Manchester & Khan in Ali et al. | Eocene | Palana Formation | A species of Ancistrocladus. |
Cornales
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fenestracarpa[70] | Gen. et sp. nov | Nguyen & Atkinson | Late Cretaceous (Campanian) | United States | A member of Cornales not assignable to any extant family. Genus includes new species F. washingtonensis. |
Ericales
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pterosinojackia[39] | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Kowalski in Kowalski et al. | Oligocene to Miocene | A member of the family Styracaceae. The type species is P. lusatica. | ||||
Sapotoxylon costarricensis[71] | Sp. nov | Cevallos-Ferriz et al. | Miocene | Wood of a member of the family Sapotaceae. |
Gentianales
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apocynoxylon umut-tuncii[72] | Sp. nov | Akkemik & Mantzouka in Akkemik, Toprak & Mantzouka | Eocene | Çekerek Formation | |||||
Aspidospermoxylon guatambue[73] | Sp. nov | Valid | Ramos et al. | Pleistocene | El Palmar Formation | Fossil wood of a member of the family Apocynaceae. | |||
Aspidospermoxylon paleoneuron[73] | Sp. nov | Valid | Ramos et al. | Pleistocene | El Palmar Formation | Fossil wood of a member of the family Apocynaceae. |
Superrosids
Fabales
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aphanocalyxylon[71] | Gen. et sp. nov | Cevallos-Ferriz et al. | Miocene | Wood of a member of Detarioideae. The type species is A. carballense. | |||||
Bauhinia tengchongensis[74] | Sp. nov | Cao, Wu & Ding in Cao et al. | Pliocene | Mangbang Formation | |||||
Dalbergia ziwenii[75] | Sp. nov | Zhao, Huang & Su in Zhao et al. | Miocene | Lower Sanhaogou Formation | A species of Dalbergia. | ||||
Dalbergioxylon judasea[71] | Sp. nov | Cevallos-Ferriz et al. | Miocene | Wood of a member of Papilionoideae. | |||||
Hymenaeaphyllum[76] | Gen. et sp. nov | Hernández-Damián, Rubalcava-Knoth & Cevallos-Ferriz | Miocene | La Quinta Formation | A member of the subfamily Detarioideae belonging to the tribe Detarieae. The type species is H. mirandae. | ||||
Jantungspermum[77] | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Spagnuolo & Wilf in Spagnuolo et al. | Eocene | Tanjung Formation | A legume. Genus includes new species J. gunnellii. | |||
Mezoneuron zhekunii[78] | Sp. nov | Zhao, Jia & Su in Zhao et al. | Miocene | Sanhaogou Formation | A species of Mezoneuron. |
Fagales
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Juglans cordata[79] | Sp. nov | Valid | Manchester et al. | Eocene | A species of Juglans. | ||||
Juglans eoarctica[79] | Sp. nov | Valid | Manchester et al. | Eocene | Buchanan Lake Formation | A species of Juglans. | |||
Juglans nathorstii[79] | Sp. nov | Valid | Manchester et al. | Eocene | Buchanan Lake Formation | A species of Juglans. | |||
Morella stoppii[39] | Comb. nov | Valid | (Kirchheimer) | Miocene | A member of the family Myricaceae; moved from Myrica stoppii Kirchheimer (1942). |
Malpighiales
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dicella indica[80] | Sp. nov | Hazra, Manchester & Khan | Pliocene | A species of Dicella. | |||||
Passiflora axsmithii[81] | Sp. nov | Stults, Hermsen & Starnes | Oligocene | A species of Passiflora. |
Malvales
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malvacioxylon[71] | Gen. et sp. nov | Cevallos-Ferriz et al. | Miocene | Wood of a member of the family Malvaceae. The type species is M. conacytea. | |||||
Uiher[82] | Gen. et sp. nov | Siegert, Gandolfo & Wilf | Eocene | A member of Malvoideae. Genus includes new species U. karuen. |
Myrtales
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Andesanthus risaraldense[83] | Sp. nov | Ayala-Usma & Lozano-Gutiérrez in Ayala-Usma et al. | Pleistocene | A species of Andesanthus. | |||||
Eucalitoxylon[71] | Gen. et sp. nov | Cevallos-Ferriz et al. | Oligocene-Miocene | Masachapa Formation | Wood of a member of the family Myrtaceae. The type species is E. nicaraguense. | ||||
Hindeucalyptus[84] | Gen. et sp. nov | Patel, Almeida, Ali & Khan in Patel et al. | Eocene | Palana Formation | A member of the family Myrtaceae. The type species is H. eocenicus. | ||||
Miconia villasenorii[85] | Sp. nov | Centeno-González, Alvarado-Cárdenas & Estrada-Ruiz | Miocene | Mexican amber | A species of Miconia. | ||||
Qualeoxylon lafila[86] | Sp. nov | Woodcock | Eocene | Fossil wood with affinities with the family Vochysiaceae. | |||||
Terminalioxylon gumminae[83] | Sp. nov | Ayala-Usma & Lozano-Gutiérrez in Ayala-Usma et al. | Pleistocene | Fossil wood of a member of the family Combretaceae. | |||||
Trapa radiatiformis[87] | Sp. nov | Xiao in Xiao et al. | Miocene | Shengxian Formation |
Rosales
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ficoxylon anatolica[72] | Sp. nov | Akkemik & Mantzouka in Akkemik, Toprak & Mantzouka | Eocene | Çekerek Formation | |||||
Rosa mariae[88] | Sp. nov | Agbamuche, Hamersma & Manchester | Oligocene | A rose. | |||||
Rosa packardae[88] | Sp. nov | Fields, Agbamuche & Hamersma in Agbamuche, Hamersma & Manchester | Miocene | A rose. | |||||
Ziziphoxylon sayaz[89] | Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik in Akkemik & Toprak | Miocene (Burdigalian-Serravallian) | Mut Formation | Fossil wood of a member of the family Rhamnaceae. |
Sapindales
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anacardium quindiuense[83] | Sp. nov | Ayala-Usma, Lozano-Gutiérrez & Orejuela in Ayala-Usma et al. | Pleistocene | A species of Anacardium. | |||||
Dobineaites[90] | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Wilf et al. | Eocene | A member of Anacardiaceae related to Dobinea; a new genus for "Celtis" ameghinoi. | ||||
Pericuxylon[91] | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Mejia-Roldán, Rodríguez-Reyes & Estrada-Ruiz in Mejia-Roldán et al. | Eocene | Fossil wood of a member of the family Anacardiaceae. The type species is P. ductifera. |
Saxifragales
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liquidambar nanningensis[92] | Sp. nov | Xu, Zdravchev, Maslova & Jin in Xu et al. | Oligocene | Yongning Formation | A species of Liquidambar. | ||||
Parrotia zhiyanii[93] | Sp. nov | Valid | Wu et al. | Miocene | Zhangpu amber | A species of Parrotia. Published online in 2023; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2024. | |||
Zlatkophyllum[94] | Gen. et comb. nov | Wu et al. | Eocene | A member of the family Altingiaceae. Genus includes "Laurophyllum" fischkandelii Kunzmann & Walther (2002). |
Vitales
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ampelocissus wenae[95] | Sp. nov | Valid | Herrera et al. | Miocene | A species of Ampelocissus. | ||||
Cissus correae[95] | Sp. nov | Valid | Herrera et al. | Miocene | Cucaracha Formation | A species of Cissus. | |||
Leea mcmillanae[95] | Sp. nov | Valid | Herrera et al. | Eocene | A species of Leea. | ||||
Lithouva susmanii[95] | Sp. nov | Valid | Herrera et al. | Paleocene | A member of the family Vitaceae. | ||||
Nekemias mucronata[96] | Sp. nov | Tosal, Vicente & Denk | Eocene to Oligocene | Montmaneu Formation | A species of Nekemias. |
Superrosid research
- Lagrange, Martínez & Del Rio (2024) study the seed morphology of members of the tribe Paropsieae in the family Passifloraceae, and argue that, with exception of distinctive seeds of members of the genus Androsiphonia, fossil Paropsieae cannot be identified confidently based solely on seed characters.[97]
Other angiosperms
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aextoxicoxylon jacksius[98] | Sp. nov | Tilley | Paleocene | Antarctica | Fossil wood of a flowering plant sharing traits with extant Aextoxicon punctatum. | ||||
Archaebuda cretaceae[99] | Sp. nov | Huang & Wang | Early Cretaceous (Barremian–Aptian) | Yixian Formation | An early flowering plant. | ||||
Comoxia[100] | Gen. et sp. nov | Jud et al. | Late Cretaceous | A dicot liana of uncertain affinities. Genus includes new species C. multiporosa. | |||||
Felinanthus[101] | Gen. et comb. nov | Heřmanová et al. | Late Cretaceous | A flowering plant with pollen of the Normapolles type. Genus includes "Walbeckia" aquisgranensis Knobloch & Mai (1986), "Microcarpolithes" guttaeformis Knobloch (1971), "Walbeckia" scutata Knobloch & Mai (1986) and "Walbeckia" fricii Knobloch & Mai (1986). | |||||
Nothophylica[102] | Gen. et comb. nov | Beurel et al. | Cretaceous | Burmese amber | A flowering plant of uncertain affinities. Oskolski et al. (2024) interpreted it as a flowering plant with an affinity to Rhamnaceae, possibly to an extinct basal lineage;[103] on the other hand Beurel et al. (2024) interpreted it as a flowering plant with probable magnoliid affinities.[102] The type species is "Phylica" piloburmensis Shi et al. (2022). |
General Angiosperm research
- The reintepretation of Endobeuthos paleosum as a member of the family Proteaceae proposed by Chambers & Poinar (2023) [104] is rejected by Lamont & Ladd (2024).[105]
- Hošek et al. (2024) report fossil evidence from the northernmost part of the Vienna Basin in southern Moravia (Czech Republic) indicative of survival of trees such as oak, linden and Fraxinus excelsior in the area during the Last Glacial Maximum, and interpret their survival as made possible by the existence of hot springs providing stable conditions for the long-term maintenance of refugia.[106]
Other plants
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alasemenia[107] | Gen. et sp. nov | Wang et al. | Devonian (Famennian) | Wutong Formation | A seed plant of uncertain affinities. The type species is A. tria. | ||||
Callipteris seshufenensis[108] | Sp. nov | Valid | Chen in Chen, Zhang & Yang | Permian | A callipterid seed fern. | ||||
Compsopteris longipinnata[42] | Sp. nov | Valid | Naugolnykh | Permian | A member of Peltaspermales. | ||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Šimůnek | |||||||
Cordaites roprachticensis[109] | Sp. nov | Valid | Šimůnek | ||||||
Cordaites setlikii[109] | Sp. nov | Valid | Šimůnek | ||||||
Cyrillopteris orbicularis[110] | Comb. nov | (Halle) | Permian | Upper Shihezi Formation | A seed fern. Moved from Odontopteris orbicularis Halle (1927). | ||||
Dicroidium sinensis[111] | Sp. nov | Sun & Deng in Sun et al. | Middle Triassic | Tongchuan Formation | A seed fern belonging to the family Umkomasiaceae. | ||||
Harrisiothecium roesleri[112] | Comb. nov | (Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert et al.) | Late Triassic | Pollen organ of a plant of uncertain affinities. Moved from Hydropterangium roesleri Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert et al. (2017) | |||||
Harrisiothecium sanduense[112] | Sp. nov | Shi et al. | Late Triassic | Yangmeilong Formation | Pollen organ of a plant of uncertain affinities, associated with pinnate leaves of Ptilozamites. | ||||
Mixoxylon jeffersonii[113] | Sp. nov | Oh et al. | Early Jurassic (Toarcian) | Indeterminate Spermatopyte Wood, maybe related with Bennettitales or Cycadales | |||||
Panxianopteris[114] | Gen. et sp. nov | Qin, He, Hilton & Wang in Qin et al. | Permian | Xuanwei Formation | A taeniopterid. The type species is P. taeniopteroides. | ||||
Protocircoporoxylon guyangensis[115] | Sp. nov | Xu & Zhao in Zhao et al. | Early Cretaceous | Guyang Formation | A gymnosperm wood. | ||||
Protocupressinoxylon baii[116] | Sp. nov | Jiang & Wan in Jiang et al. | Permian | Upper Shihhotse Formation | Fossil trunk of a gymnosperm. | ||||
Pseudotorellia oskolica[117] | Sp. nov | Nosova in Nosova, Fedyaevskiy & Lyubarova | Middle Jurassic (Bathonian–Callovian) | A gymnosperm belonging to the family Pseudotorelliaceae. | |||||
Sanfordiacaulis[118] | Gen. et sp. nov | Gastaldo et al. | Carboniferous (Tournaisian) | A tree of uncertain affinities. The type species is S. densifolia. | |||||
Shaolinia[119] | Gen. et sp. nov | Wang & Chen | Early Cretaceous | Yixian Formation | A plant with conifer-like vegetative and reproductive morphologies, as well as a single seed partially wrapped by the subtending bract. The type species is S. intermedia. | ||||
Triloboxylon maroccanum[27] | Sp. nov | Meyer-Berthaud et al. | Devonian (Givetian) | An aneurophytalean progymnosperm. | |||||
Xenofructus[120] | Gen. nov | Fu et al. | Middle Jurassic | Dabu Formation | A possible flowering plant. The type species is X. dabuensis, formerly named Williamsoniella dabuensis Zheng & Zhang (1990). |
Other plant research
- Redescription and a study on the affinities of Stauroxylon beckii is published by Durieux et al. (2024).[121]
- A study on the morphological diversity of cycad leaves throughout their evolutionary history, providing evidence of a dynamic history of diversification, is published by Coiro & Seyfullah (2024).[122]
- Zhang et al. (2024) compile a dataset of macroscopic and cuticular traits of fossils of members of the group Czekanowskiales from China, and use it to classify the studied fossils on the basis of quantitative analytical evidence.[123]
- A study on the morphology and affinities of Furcula granulifer is published by Coiro et al. (2024), who interpret the studied plant as a likely relative of pteridosperms such as Scytophyllum and Vittaephyllum, and interpret F. granulifer as a plant that evolved its hierarchical vein system of leaves convergently with the flowering plants.[124]
- Possible caytonialean pteridosperm fossils are described from the Bajocian strata in the Karachay-Cherkessia (Russia) by Naugolnykh & Mitta (2024).[125]
Palynology
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aratrisporites woodii[126] | Sp. nov | Cooling in McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Orallo Formation | Spores of a member of Isoetopsida. | ||||
Callialasporites propinquivellersis[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Evergreen Formation | |||||
Camarozonosporites dorsus[126] | Sp. nov | Cooling & McKellar | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Orallo Formation | |||||
Clavatosporis varians[127] | Sp. nov | De Benedetti et al. | Cretaceous-Paleogene transition | A fern spore of uncertain affinities. | |||||
Contignisporites confractus[126] | Sp. nov | Cooling in McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Orallo Formation | |||||
Converrucosisporites parvitumulus[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Orallo Formation | |||||
Converrucosisporites pricei[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Gubberamunda Sandstone | |||||
Convolutispora prisca[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Walloon Coal Measures | Spores of a fern. | ||||
Curvaturaspora[126] | Gen. et comb. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic | Spores with uncertain (possibly lycopodialean) affinity. The type species is "Lycopodiacidites" frankonense Achilles (1981). | |||||
Dejerseysporites[126] | Gen. et sp. et comb. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic and Early Cretaceous | Hutton Sandstone | Spores of a member of the family Sphagnaceae. The type species is D. biannuliverrucatus; genus also includes "Stereisporites (Dicyclosporis)" verrucyclus Schulz in Döring et al (1966) and "Distalanulisporites" verrucosus Pocock (1970). | ||||
Densoisporites filatoffii[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Walloon Coal Measures | |||||
Dictyotosporites esterleae[126] | Sp. nov | Cooling in Cooling & McKellar | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Orallo Formation | |||||
Dictyotosporites obscurus[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Mooga Sandstone | |||||
Dictyotosporites sandrana[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar in Cooling & McKellar | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Walloon Coal Measures | |||||
Impardecispora neopunctata[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Westbourne Formation | |||||
Interulobites scabratus[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Hutton Sandstone | Probably spores of a bryophyte. | ||||
Januasporites spinosireticulatus[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Westbourne Formation | |||||
Jiangsupollis intertrappea[128] | Sp. nov | Thakre et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | ||||||
Maculatasporites eurombahensis[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Hutton Sandstone | Possible algal spores. | ||||
Maculatasporites fionabethiana[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar in Cooling & McKellar | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Westbourne Formation | Possible algal spores. | ||||
Microreticulatisporites patagonicus[127] | Sp. nov | De Benedetti et al. | Cretaceous-Paleogene transition | La Colonia Formation | A fern spore of uncertain affinities. | ||||
Neoraistrickia loconiensis[127] | Sp. nov | De Benedetti et al. | Cretaceous-Paleogene transition | La Colonia Formation | A lycophyte spore. | ||||
Neoraistrickia parvibacula[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Walloon Coal Measures | |||||
Neoraistrickia rugobacula[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Walloon Coal Measures | |||||
Nevesisporites annakhlonovae[126] | Nom. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Triassic | Probably spores of a hornwort; a replacement name for Simeonospora khlonovae Balme (1970). | |||||
Osmundacidites injunensis[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Hutton Sandstone | |||||
Peroaletes ieiunus[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Westbourne Formation | |||||
Perotrilites cameronii[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar in Cooling & McKellar | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Hutton Sandstone | |||||
Retitriletes johniorum[126] | Sp. nov | Cooling in Cooling & McKellar | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Orallo Formation | |||||
Retitriletes neofacetus[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Hutton Sandstone | |||||
Retitriletes proxiradiatus[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Hutton Sandstone | |||||
Retitriletes siobhaniae[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar in Cooling & McKellar | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Gubberamunda Sandstone | |||||
Retitriletes thomsonii[126] | Sp. nov | Cooling in Cooling & McKellar | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Westbourne Formation | |||||
Sellaspora passa[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Westbourne Formation | Spores of a fern. | ||||
Syncolpraedapollis[129] | Gen. et sp. nov | Mendes et al. | Eocene-Oligocene | Kwanza Basin | Genus includes new species S. angolensis. | ||||
Thecaspora polygonalis[127] | Sp. nov | De Benedetti et al. | Cretaceous-Paleogene transition | La Colonia Formation | A salvinialean spore. | ||||
Tuberculatosporites westbournensis[126] | Sp. nov | McKellar & Cooling | Jurassic–Cretaceous transition | Westbourne Formation | Spores of a member of the family Marattiaceae. |
Palynological research
- Strother & Taylor (2024) review the early spore fossil record.[130]
- Mamontov, McLean & Gavrilova (2024) study the ultrastructure of Maiaspora concava and M. panopta, providing evidence of similarities with extant Gleicheniales, and interpret the origin of the Gleicheniales stem as related to closure of the Rheic Ocean in the Paleozoic.[131]
- A study on the palynoflora from the Permian Emakwezini Formation (South Africa) is published by Balarino et al. (2024), who interpret the studied fossils as providing evidence of the presence of complex forests during the Guadalupian, with plant diversity greater than indicated by the macrofloral record.[132]
- A study on the earliest Triassic palynoflora from the Bulgo Sandstone (Australia), providing evidence of the presence of dense vegetation in riparian habitat less than 1 million years after the Permian–Triassic extinction event, is published by Vajda & Kear (2024).[133]
- A study on the fossil record of Early Triassic palynomorphs from the Vikinghøgda Formation (Svalbard, Norway), providing evidence of a shift from lycophyte-dominated to a gymnosperm-dominated vegetation related to the onset of a cooling episode, is published by Leu et al. (2024).[134]
- A study on the age of the Santa Clara Abajo and the Santa Clara Arriba formations and their palynomorph assemblages, previously inferred to be Carnian-Norian in age, is published by Benavente et al. (2024), who determine an upper Anisian age for both formations, and interpret their findings as indicating that the taxonomic composition of Triassic Gondwanan palynomorph assemblages correlates more strongly with latitude than with geologic age.[135]
- The interpretation of Cycadopites and Ricciisporites proposed by Vajda et al. (2023), who considered them to represent, respectively, normal and aberrant pollen produced by the same plant with Lepidopteris ottonis foliage and Antevsia zeilleri pollen sacs,[136] is contested by Zavialova (2024);[137] Vajda et al. (2024) subsequently reaffirm that Antevsia zeilleri produced Cycadopites and Ricciisporites pollen.[138]
- Evidence from pollen and spores from the Jiyuan Basin (China), interpreted as indicative of a relationship between two peaks of wildfires of different types and changes in plant communities during the Triassic-Jurassic transition, is presented by Zhang et al. (2024).[139]
- Evidence of high abundances of malformed fern spores from the Lower Saxony Basin (Germany) during the Triassic–Jurassic transition, interpreted as indicative of persistence of volcanic-induced mercury pollution after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, is presented by Bos et al. (2024).[140]
- Rodrigues et al. (2024) study the palynological assemblages from the Kwanza Basin (Angola) ranging from the late Albian to the Turonian, reporting the presence of pollen indicative of subtropical to tropical climate and dinocysts with higher latitude affinities, and interpret these findings as indicative of existence of an open connection between the Central Atlantic and South Atlantic oceans in the mid-Cretaceous.[141]
- Evidence from fossil pollen assigned to the form genus Classopollis, interpreted as indicative of existence of a refugium of members of the family Cheirolepidiaceae, is reported from the Paleocene Lower Wilcox Group (Texas, United States) by Smith et al. (2024).[142]
- Evidence from fossil pollen interpreted as indicative of existence of ecological corridors linking Andean, Atlantic and Amazonian regions of South America during the Last Glacial Maximum, resulting in establishment of complex connectivity patterns between plants from the studied parts of South America, is presented by Pinaya et al. (2024).[143]
General Research
- A study addressing and evaluating the uncertainty of plant fossil phylogenetics is published by Coiro (2024).[144]
- Review of functional traits in the plant fossil record is published by McElwain et al. (2024).[145]
- Evidence of the existence of two plant dispersal routes in the Devonian, connecting the South China and Euramerica–Siberia realms, is presented by Liu et al. (2024).[146]
- Davies, McMahon & Berry (2024) describe plant fossils from the Devonian (Eifelian) Hangman Sandstone Formation (Somerset and Devon, United Kingdom), intepreted as remains of cladoxylopsid-dominated forest and possibly the oldest global evidence for the spacing of growing trees.[147]
- Evidence of changes of composition and diversity of the flora from the Carboniferous coal swamps of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais Coalfield (France) in response to climate and landscape changes is presented by Molina-Solís et al. (2024).[148]
- A study on changes of floral communities in southwestern China during the Permian-Triassic transition is published by Hua et al. (2024), who provide evidence indicative of frequent wildfires that destroyed the stability of wetlands prior to the main extinction phase and inhibited recovery in the aftermath of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, and resulted in gradual replacement of fern-dominated floral communities by gymnosperm-dominated ones.[149]
- Gurung et al. (2024) use a new vegetation and climate model to study links between plant geographical range, the long-term carbon cycle and climate, and find that reduced geographical range of plants in Pangaea resulted in increased atmospheric CO2 concentration during the Triassic and Jurassic periods, while the expande geographical range of plants after the breakup of Pangaea amplified global CO2 removal.[150]
- Kvaček et al. (2024) reconstruct Cenomanian plant communities from the Peruc–Korycany Formation (Czech Republic), providing evidence of diversification and dominance of flowering plant both in the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin and in Europe in general (particularly in alluvial plains).[151]
- Evidence of the presence of fragmented tropical humid forests among connected savanna in Amazonia during the Last Glacial Maximum is presented by Kelley et al. (2024), who interpret their findings as indicating that distinct forest fragments were connected by areas with taller, dense woodland/tropical savanna that could sustain both Amazonian and Cerrado species.[152]
Deaths
- Estella Leopold, paleobotanist and conservation paleontologist passes on February 25, 2024 at 97. Leopold's work as a conservationist included taking legal action to help save the Florissant Fossil Beds in Colorado, and fighting pollution. She was the daughter of Aldo Leopold.[153]
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