22nd United States Congress

22nd United States Congress
21st ← → 23rd
United States Capitol (1827)
March 4, 1831 – March 4, 1833
Members	48 senators 213 representatives 3 non-voting delegates
Senate majority	Jacksonian
Senate President	John C. Calhoun (J) (until December 28, 1832) Vacant (from December 28, 1832)
House majority	Jacksonian
House Speaker	Andrew Stevenson (J)
Sessions
1st: December 5, 1831 – July 16, 1832 2nd: December 3, 1832 – March 2, 1833

The 22nd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1831, to March 4, 1833, during the third and fourth years of Andrew Jackson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1820 United States census. Both chambers had a Jacksonian majority.

Major events

• December 28, 1832: Vice President John C. Calhoun resigned. The first Vice President of the United States to do so.
• Nullification Crisis

Major legislation

• July 14, 1832: Tariff of 1832, ch. 227, 4 Stat. 583
• March 2, 1833: Tariff of 1833 (Compromise Tariff), ch. 55, 4 Stat. 629
• March 2, 1833: Force Bill, ch. 57, 4 Stat. 632

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

	Party (shading shows control)			Total	Vacant
	National Republican (NR)	Jacksonian (J)	Nullifier (N)
End of previous congress	22	25	0	47	1
Begin	20	24	2	46	2
End	22		1	47	1
Final voting share	46.8%	51.1%	2.1%
Beginning of next congress	25	20	1	46	2

House of Representatives

	Party (shading shows control)				Total	Vacant
	National Republican (NR)	Anti- Masonic (AM)	Jacksonian (J)	Nullifier (N)
End of previous congress	72	6	134	0	212	1
Begin	65	16	127	4	212	1
End	63	17	128
Final voting share	29.7%	8.0%	60.4%	1.9%
Beginning of next congress	62	25	144	9	240	0

Leadership

Senate

• President: John C. Calhoun (J), resigned December 28, 1832; thereafter vacant.
• President pro tempore: Samuel Smith (J), first elected December 5, 1831
  • Littleton W. Tazewell (J), elected July 9, 1832
  • Hugh Lawson White (J), elected December 3, 1832

House of Representatives

• Speaker: Andrew Stevenson (J)

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1832; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1834; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1836.

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Changes in membership

These counts reflect changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

• Replacements: 7
  • Jacksonians: no net change
  • National Republicans: no net change
  • Nullifiers: no net change
• Deaths: 0
• Resignations: 7
• Interim appointments: 1
• Total seats with changes: 9

Senate changes

State (class)	Vacated by	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation[a]
Indiana (1)	Vacant	James Noble had died February 26, 1831, in the previous Congress. Successor appointed August 19, 1831.	Robert Hanna (NR)	Installed August 19, 1831
Kentucky (3)	Vacant	Legislature elected late November 10, 1831.	Henry Clay (NR)	Installed November 10, 1831
Louisiana (2)	Edward Livingston (J)	Resigned May 24, 1831, after being appointed U.S. Secretary of State. Successor elected November 15, 1831.	George A. Waggaman (NR)	Installed November 15, 1831
Pennsylvania (1)	Isaac D. Barnard (J)	Resigned December 6, 1831, due to ill health. Successor elected December 13, 1831.	George M. Dallas (J)	Installed December 13, 1831
Indiana (1)	Robert Hanna (NR)	Appointee retired when elected successor qualified. Successor elected January 3, 1832.	John Tipton (J)	Installed January 3, 1832
Mississippi (1)	Powhatan Ellis (J)	Resigned July 16, 1832, after being appointed U.S. District Judge. Successor appointed November 12, 1832, to finish the term.	John Black (J)	Installed November 12, 1832
Virginia (2)	Littleton Waller Tazewell (J)	Resigned July 16, 1832. Successor elected December 10, 1832.	William C. Rives (J)	Installed December 10, 1832
South Carolina (2)	Robert Y. Hayne (N)	Resigned December 13, 1832, to become Governor of South Carolina. Successor elected December 29, 1832.	John C. Calhoun (N)	Installed December 29, 1832
New York (3)	William L. Marcy (J)	Resigned January 1, 1833, after becoming Governor of New York. Successor elected January 14, 1833.	Silas Wright (J)	Installed January 4, 1833
South Carolina (3)	Stephen D. Miller (N)	Resigned March 2, 1833, due to ill health.	Vacant	Not filled this term

House of Representatives

• Replacements: 9
  • Jacksonians: 1-seat net gain
  • National Republicans: 2-seat net loss
  • Anti-Masonics: 1-seat net gain
• Deaths: 8
• Resignations: 2
• Contested election: 0
• Total seats with changes: 11

House changes

District	Vacated by	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation[a]
North Carolina 2nd	Vacant	Vacancy in term	John Branch (J)	Seated May 12, 1831
Georgia at-large	Wilson Lumpkin (J)	Resigned some time in 1831 before the convening of Congress	Augustin S. Clayton (J)	Seated January 21, 1832
Vermont 2nd	Rollin C. Mallary (NR)	Died April 15, 1831	William Slade (AM)	Seated November 1, 1831
Missouri at-large	Spencer D. Pettis (NR)	Died August 28, 1831	William H. Ashley (NR)	Seated October 31, 1831
Pennsylvania 11th	William Ramsey (J)	Died September 29, 1831	Robert McCoy (J)	Seated November 22, 1831
North Carolina 6th	Robert Potter (J)	Resigned November ????, 1831	Micajah T. Hawkins (J)	Seated December 15, 1831
Vermont 1st	Jonathan Hunt (NR)	Died May 15, 1832. A special election was held and a new member elected January 1, 1833 on the fourth ballot.	Hiland Hall (NR)	Seated January 21, 1833
Virginia 22nd	Charles C. Johnston (J)	Died June 17, 1832	Joseph Draper (J)	Seated December 6, 1832
Maryland 6th	George E. Mitchell (J)	Died June 28, 1832	Charles S. Sewall (J)	Seated October 1, 1832
Virginia 18th	Philip Doddridge (NR)	Died November 19, 1832	Joseph Johnson (J)	Seated January 21, 1833
New York 1st	James Lent (J)	Died February 22, 1833	Vacant	Not filled this Congress

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

• Accounts of James Monroe (Select)
• Agriculture (Chairman: Horatio Seymour)
• Amending the Constitution on the Election of the President and Vice President (Select)
• Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Nehemiah Knight)
• Claims (Chairman: Benjamin Ruggles)
• Commerce (Chairman: John Forsyth then William R. King)
• Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: Ezekiel F. Chambers)
• Dueling (Select)
• Engrossed Bills (Chairman: John M. Robinson then Asher Robbins)
• Finance (Chairman: Samuel Smith then John Forsyth)
• Foreign Relations (Chairman: Littleton Tazewell then John Forsyth)
• French Spoilations (Select)
• Impeachment of James H. Peck (Select)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: Hugh Lawson White then George M. Troup)
• Judiciary (Chairman: William L. Marcy then William Wilkins)
• Manufactures (Chairman: Mahlon Dickerson)
• Memorial of the Manufacturers Iron (Select)
• Mileage of Members of Congress (Select)
• Military Affairs (Chairman: Thomas Hart Benton)
• Militia (Chairman: Isaac Barnard)
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: Robert Y. Hayne)
• Nomination of Amos Kendall (Select)
• Pensions (Chairman: Samuel A. Foot)
• Post Office Department (Select)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: George M. Bibb)
• Private Land Claims (Chairman: Elias Kane)
• Public Lands (Chairman: William R. King then Elias Kane)
• Roads and Canals (Select) (Chairman: William Hendricks)
• Tariff Regulation (Select)
• Whole

House of Representatives

• Accounts (Chairman: N/A)
• Agriculture (Chairman: Erastus Root)
• American Colonization Society (Select)
• Claims (Chairman: N/A)
• Commerce (Chairman: N/A)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: N/A)
• Elections (Chairman: N/A)
• Establishing an Assay Office in the Gold Region (Select)
• Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: N/A)
• Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: N/A)
• Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: N/A)
• Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: N/A)
• Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: N/A)
• Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: N/A)
• Foreign Affairs (Chairman: William S. Archer)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: N/A)
• Judiciary (Chairman: Warren R. Davis then John Bell)
• Manufactures (Chairman: Michael Hoffman)
• Military Affairs (Chairman: N/A)
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: N/A)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Richard M. Johnson then Henry W. Connor)
• Public Expenditures (Chairman: N/A)
• Public Lands (Chairman: Charles A. Wickliffe)
• Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: N/A)
• Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: N/A)
• Revolutionary Pensions (Chairman: N/A)
• Rules (Select)
• Standards of Official Conduct (Chairman: N/A)
• Territories (Chairman: N/A)
• Ways and Means (Chairman: George McDuffie then Gulian C. Verplanck)
• Whole

Joint committees

• Enrolled Bills
• The Library

Employees

• Librarian of Congress: John Silva Meehan

Senate

• Chaplain: Henry V. Johns (Episcopal), until December 19, 1831
  • John P. Durbin (Methodist), elected December 19, 1831
  • Charles C. Pise (Roman Catholic), elected December 11, 1832
• Secretary: Walter Lowrie
• Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly

House of Representatives

• Chaplain: Ralph R. Gurley (Presbyterian), until December 13, 1831
  • Reuben Post (Presbyterian) elected December 13, 1831
  • William Hammett (Presbyterian), elected December 12, 1832
• Clerk: Matthew St. Clair Clarke
• Doorkeeper: Overton Carr, elected December 5, 1831
• Reading Clerks: [data missing]
• Sergeant at Arms: John O. Dunn

See also

• 1830 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
  • 1830–31 United States Senate elections
  • 1830–31 United States House of Representatives elections
• 1832 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
  • 1832 United States presidential election
  • 1832–33 United States Senate elections
  • 1832–33 United States House of Representatives elections

Notes

References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• U.S. House of Representatives: House History
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists