72nd Punjabis

72nd Punjabis
Active	1759-1922
Country	Indian Empire
Branch	Army
Type	Infantry
Part of	Madras Army (to 1895) Madras Command
Colors	Red; faced pale buff, 1882 white 1892 Drab; faced white
Engagements	Second Anglo-Mysore War First Burmese War Third Burmese War World War I

Military unit

The 72nd Punjabis were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. They could trace their origins to 1759, when they were raised as the 16th Battalion Coast Sepoys.

History

The regiment's first battle was the Battle of Sholinghur in 1781, during the Second Anglo-Mysore War. They were next involved in the Battle of Ava during the First Burmese War. During the Indian Mutiny of 1857, they were stationed in Hong Kong and Singapore. Their next action was during the Third Burmese War. With the defeat of King Thibaw Min, the regiment remained in Burma, being renamed the 2nd Burma Battalion in 1891.^[1] This transferral of six regiments of the Madras line to Burma Battalions was intended to provide permanent garrisons for the newly acquired territory. It was also part of a deliberate policy by General Sir Frederick Roberts to reduce the Madrasi element in the Indian Army and replace them with northern recruits from the Punjab. The title of the regiment subsequently underwent a number of changes but, as late as 1914, its regimental centre remained Mandalay.^[2]

During World War I, they were deployed along the North West Frontier with the 1st (Peshawar) Division to prevent incursions by the Afghan tribes, but they were later sent to Egypt and Palestine and took part in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign attached to the 75th Division.^[3]

After World War I, the Indian government reformed the army, moving from single battalion regiments to multi battalion regiments.^[4] In 1922, the 72nd Punjabis became the 3rd Battalion, 2nd Punjab Regiment.^[5] After independence, they were one of the regiments allocated to the Indian Army.^[6]

Predecessor names

16th Battalion Coast Sepoys - 1759
13th Carnatic Battalion - 1769
12th Carnatic Battalion - 1770
12th Madras Battalion - 1784
2nd Battalion, 8th Madras Native Infantry - 1796
12th Madras Native Infantry - 1824
2nd Burma Infantry - 1890
12th Regiment (2nd Burma Battalion) Madras Infantry - 1891
12th Burma Infantry - 1901
72nd Punjabis - 1903

Composition

Recruited from Madrasis during its history prior to 1890, the regiment underwent substantial changes after that year. The senior Indian position of subadar-major was filled by a Sikh and the Madrasi rank and file were replaced by Pathans, Punjabis, Mussalmans and Sikhs. In 1903 the 12th lost its status as a Madras/Burma Infantry unit and was formally designated as a Punjabi regiment (see above).^[7]

References

^ Sharma, p.21
^ Gaylor, John (1992). Sons of John Company. pp. 7 & 9. ISBN 0-946771-98-7.
^ Sharma, p.23
^ Sumner p.15
^ Sharma, p.24
^ Sharma, p.28
^ Gaylor, John (1992). Sons of John Company. pp. 134–135. ISBN 0-946771-98-7.

Sources

Barthorp, Michael; Burn, Jeffrey (1979). Indian infantry regiments 1860-1914. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 0-85045-307-0.
Rinaldi, Richard A (2008). Order of Battle British Army 1914. Ravi Rikhye. ISBN 978-0-9776072-8-0.
Sharma, Gautam (1990). Valour and sacrifice: famous regiments of the Indian Army. Allied Publishers. ISBN 81-7023-140-X.
Sumner, Ian (2001). The Indian Army 1914-1947. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-196-6.
Moberly, F.J. (1923). Official History of the War: Mesopotamia Campaign, Imperial War Museum. ISBN 1-870423-30-5