ARHGEF11

ARHGEF11
Available structures PDB Human UniProt search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1HTJ, 1XCG, 2DLS, 3KZ1, 3T06, 5E6P
Identifiers
Aliases	ARHGEF11, GTRAP48, PDZ-RHOGEF, Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11
External IDs	OMIM: 605708 MGI: 2441869 HomoloGene: 11409 GeneCards: ARHGEF11
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1q23.1 Start 156,934,840 bp[1] End 157,045,742 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 3 (mouse)[2] Band 3|3 F1 Start 87,524,866 bp[2] End 87,645,341 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in blood monocyte superior frontal gyrus sural nerve prefrontal cortex pituitary gland corpus callosum right lobe of thyroid gland anterior pituitary fundus Top expressed in hand secondary oocyte otolith organ cerebellar cortex molar utricle lip superior frontal gyrus pontine nuclei dorsal tegmental nucleus More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function GTPase activator activity protein binding guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity G protein-coupled receptor binding Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol membrane Biological process G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated regulation of cell growth Rho protein signal transduction establishment of cell polarity positive regulation of apoptotic process regulation of Rho protein signal transduction regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction striated muscle contraction actin cytoskeleton organization positive regulation of GTPase activity Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 9826 213498 Ensembl ENSG00000132694 ENSMUSG00000041977 UniProt O15085 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_014784 NM_198236 NM_001377418 NM_001377419 NM_001003912 NM_001360195 NM_001360197 RefSeq (protein) NP_055599 NP_937879 NP_001364347 NP_001364348 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 156.93 – 157.05 Mb Chr 3: 87.52 – 87.65 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARHGEF11 gene.^[5][6][7] This protein is also called RhoGEF11 or PDZ-RhoGEF.

Function

Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 is guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the RhoA small GTPase protein.^[8] Rho is a small GTPase protein that is inactive when bound to the guanine nucleotide GDP. But when acted on by Rho GEF proteins such as RhoGEF1, this GDP is released and replaced by GTP, leading to the active state of Rho. In this active, GTP-bound conformation, Rho can bind to and activate specific effector proteins and enzymes to regulate cellular functions.^[9] In particular, active Rho is a major regulator of the cell actin cytoskeleton.^[9]

RhoGEF11 is a member of a group of four RhoGEF proteins known to be activated by G protein coupled receptors coupled to the G₁₂ and G₁₃ heterotrimeric G proteins.^[8] The others are ARHGEF1 (also known as p115-RhoGEF), ARHGEF12 (also known as LARG) and AKAP13 (also known as ARHGEF13 and Lbc). ^[10][11] GPCR-regulated RhoGEF11 (and these related GEF proteins) acts as an effector for G₁₂ and G₁₃ G proteins. In addition to being activated by G₁₂ or G₁₃ G proteins, three of these four RhoGEF proteins (ARHGEF1/11/12) also function as RGS family GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) to increase the rate of GTP hydrolysis of G₁₂/G₁₃ alpha proteins (which are themselves GTPase proteins). This action increases the rate of G protein deactivation, limiting the time during which these RhoGEFs activate Rho.^[12]

Two alternative transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described.^[7]

Interactions

ARHGEF11 has been shown to interact with:

• GNA12^[13]
• GNA13^[13]
• PLXNB1,^{[14][15][16][17]}
• PLXNB2^[14][15]
• PLXNB3,^[14]
• RHOA^[5]

See also

• Second messenger system
• G protein-coupled receptor
• Heterotrimeric G protein
• Small GTPases
• Rho family of GTPases

References

Further reading

External links

• Human ARHGEF11 genome location and ARHGEF11 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.