Abdul Fatah Dukhan

Palestinian militant (1936–2023)

عبد الفتاح دخان‎Born1936 (1936)

Iraq Suwaydan, Mandatory Palestine

Died11 October 2023 (aged 87)

Gaza Strip, Palestine

Known forCo-founder of Hamas

Abdul Fatah Hasan Dukhan (Arabic: عبد الفتاح دخان‎; 1936 – 11 October 2023), also known as Abu Osama, was a Palestinian militant and a co-founder of Hamas. He was the leading figure in the drafting of the Hamas Charter in 1987.

Early life

Abdul Fatah Hasan Dukhan was born in 1936 and was from Iraq Suwaydan in Mandatory Palestine. In 1948, he was forced to move to Nuseirat Camp in Gaza. He finished his school at an UNRWA school in Gaza and graduated from university in Cairo, majoring in geography. He later went back to Gaza and became a teacher at an UNRWA school.^[1] Dukhan later became a school principal in the Nuseirat Camp.^[2]

Political career

Dukhan participated in the 9 December 1987 meeting of the Palestinian Muslim Brotherhood in Gaza, also attended by Sheikh Yassin, Salah Shehade, Yahya Sinwar and other Hamas co-founders, where Hamas's charter was written, the movement's name was coined, and Hamas was established in Gaza.^[3]^[2] Dukhan was the lead author of the Hamas Charter, which he described as derived from the thought of Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood theorist Sayyid Qutb. According to Dukhan, the integration of the word "muqawama" (resistance) into Hamas' name was inspired by the Islamic resistance in southern Lebanon.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

By 2022, Dukhan was the oldest member of the Palestinian Legislative Council.^[8]

Death

Dukkan was reportedly killed in an Israeli airstrike in Nuseirat on 10 October 2023 during the 2023 Israel-Hamas war.^[2] Hamas refuted this claim and stated that he died on 11 October 2023 in Gaza Strip due to the long illness that he endured.^[9]

References

^ "وفاة أحد مؤسسي حماس التاريخيين عبد الفتاح دخان بغزة". pdn.ps. Palestinian Today News. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c Morrison, Dan (11 October 2013). "Israeli Air Strike Kills One of Hamas' Founders: Report". The Messenger. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
^ Seurat, Leila (2022). The Foreign Policy of Hamas: Ideology, Decision Making and Political Supremacy. I.B. Tauris. p. 7. ISBN 978-1838607449. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
^ "Light at the End of their Tunnels? Hamas & the Arab Uprisings" (PDF). International Crisis Group Middle East Report: 16. 14 August 2023.
^ Alsoos, Imad (2021). "From jihad to resistance: the evolution of Hamas's". Middle Eastern Studies. 57 (5): 834, 836. doi:10.1080/00263206.2021.1897006. S2CID 234860010.
^ Miller, Aaron David (2 May 2017). "Is Hamas Rebranding with New Manifesto?". Wilson Center. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
^ Levitt, Matthew (1 May 2017). "Hamas's Moderate Rhetoric Belies Militant Activities". Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
^ Brown, Nathan (27 September 2022). "A Procedural Guide to Palestinian Succession: The How of the Who". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
^ "وفاة عبدالفتاح دخان أحد مؤسسي حركة حماس". shms.ps. SHMS News Agency. 11 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.

Israel–Hamas war

Engage-
ments

Hamas-led
attack on Israel

Attacks on civilians	Netiv HaAsara Alumim Be'eri Elchanan Team Holit Kfar Aza Kissufim Nir Oz Nir Yitzhak Nahal Oz Nirim Nova music festival Psyduck music festival
Battles	Re'im Sderot Sufa Zikim Israeli female tank crew fight
General topics	Allegations of genocide Allegations of involvement of UNRWA employees Denial Sexual and gender-based violence

Israeli invasion
of Gaza

Attacks on refugee camps	Jabalia 31 October Al-Shati Al-Maghazi
Attacks on schools	Al-Maghazi Al-Fakhoora Al-Falah Shadia Abu Ghazala School
Attacks on health facilities	Killing of health workers Gaza Strip mass graves Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion Al-Shifa Hospital siege alleged military use ambulance airstrike Kamal Adwan Hospital siege Nasser Hospital siege Nasser Hospital mass graves Gaza Strip mass graves
Other attacks	Airstrikes on municipal services in Gaza Church of Saint Porphyrius Engineer's Building strike and massacre Flour massacre Palestinians evacuating Gaza City Sabra mosque World Central Kitchen drone strikes
General topics	Gaza genocide allegations Bombing of the Gaza Strip Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israel–Hamas war Environmental damage in the Gaza Strip caused by the Israel–Hamas war Torture AI-assisted targeting

Other theaters

Israel–Lebanon border clashes
- Attacks on journalists
Israeli incursions in the West Bank
- Killing of Benjamin Achimeir
- April 2024 Israeli settler rampages
Givat Shaul shooting
Tower 22 drone attack

Iran–Israel conflict	Israeli bombing of the Iranian embassy in Damascus Iranian strikes in Israel Israeli strikes on Iran
Red Sea crisis	Operation Prosperity Guardian Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou 2024 missile strikes in Yemen Marlin Luanda missile strike

Hostage
crisis

Hostages	Noa Argamani Bibas family Alex Dancyg Oded Lifshitz Hersh Goldberg-Polin Naama Levy
Rescued hostages	Operation Golden Hand Ori Megidish
Released hostages	Rachel Edry Yarden Roman-Gat Mia Schem
Deceased hostages	Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka

General
topics

Historical context	Arab–Israeli conflict Blockade of the Gaza Strip Palestinian freedom of movement Israel and apartheid Children Gaza–Israel conflict Casualties of Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip Human shields Israeli settlement Israeli outpost Israeli settler violence Israeli disengagement from Gaza Palestinian rocket attacks Palestinian tunnel warfare anti-tunnel barrier Women

Effects

Reactions

Discrimination	Antisemitism Riots in the North Caucasus Anti-Palestinianism Islamophobia Violent incidents Killing of Wadea al-Fayoume Death of Paul Kessler Vermont student shooting Zürich stabbing attack
Protests	France March for the Republic and Against Antisemitism Pro-Palestinian protests at Sciences Po Indonesia 2023 Bitung clashes Israel United Kingdom United States National March on Washington: Free Palestine March for Israel DNC protests March on Washington for Gaza Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell Israel–Hamas war protest vote movements Artists4Ceasefire Columbia University protests
UN resolutions	A/RES/ES-10/21 S/RES/2712 A/RES/ES-10/22 S/RES/2720 S/RES/2728
UN inquiry	Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory
World Court	South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention) Legal Consequences of Israeli Policies and Practices
Courts	Defense for Children International-Palestine v. Biden

Casualties

Israel

Security forces	Alim Abdallah Yitzhak Ben-Bashat Jayar Davidov Eli Ginsberg Salman Habaka Asaf Hamami Yitzhar Hofman Roi Levy Izhar Peled Yonatan Steinberg
Civilians	Lior Asulin Yuval Castleman Hayim Katsman Ofir Libstein Shani Louk Aner Shapira Vivian Silver Yahav Winner

Palestine

Hamas	Saleh al-Arouri Abdul Fatah Dukhan Mohammed Dababish Wissam Farhat Ahmed Ghandour Marwan Issa Fursan Khalifa Osama Mazini Ayman Nofal Jamila al-Shanti Ali Al Qadi
Other militants	Fouad Abu Butihan Jihad Shehadeh
Civilians	Tawfic Abdel Jabbar Refaat Alareer Hammam Alloh Naheda and Samr Anton Yazan al-Kafarneh Ibrahim al-Astal Ahmad Bahar Mohammed Barakat Rashid Dabour [ar] Mohamed al-Dalou Awni El-Dous Omar Ferwana Hiba Abu Nada Ibrahim Qusaya Hind Rajab Mohammed Shabir Omar Abu Shawish Sufian Tayeh Wael Al Zard

Spillover

Journalists

General topics

Friendly fire

Related
people

Israelis	Nimrod Aloni Rachel Goldberg-Pollin Eitan Okun [he] Yagel Oshri Inbal Rabin-Lieberman Amir Tibon
Palestinians	Wael Al-Dahdouh Plestia Alaqad Motaz Azaiza Bisan Owda Mustafa Moien Ayyash