Anaptomorphinae

Extinct subfamily of primates

Anaptomorphinae Temporal range: 56–33 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Late Paleocene – Late Eocene^[1]

The skull of Anaptomorphus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Family:	†Omomyidae
Subfamily:	†Anaptomorphinae Cope, 1883
Genera
See text.

Anaptomorphinae is a pre-historic group of primates known from Eocene fossils in North America and Europe and later periods of Paleocene Asia, and are a sub-family of omomyids.^[2] The anaptomorphines is a paraphyletic group consisting of the two tribes Trogolemurini and Anaptomorphini.^[3] Anaptomorphine radiation in Wyoming, one of the most detailed records of changes within populations and between species in the fossil record, has provided remarkable evidence of transitional fossils.^[4]

Description

Teilhardina is the most primitive of the anaptomorphines with respect a number of dental features (e.g. four premolars and relatively unreduced canine). Most scientists recognize at least fourteen genera of anaptomorphine. The probable lineages of Tetonius, Absarokius and Anemorhysis evolved from Teilhardinia or a closely related form from North America.^[5]^[6]

Tetonius and Shoshonius have been classified as belonging to the Tarsiiformes,^[7] and are therefore not closely related to human ancestors. The Anaptomorphine population was apparently high during the Early Tertiary. Tetonius from the Early Eocene was first found in the late nineteenth century and is considered important due to the significance of the find in forming the phylogeny of the primates. The last known animal belonging to the group was Trogolemur.^[8]^[9]

Analyses of over a hundred specimens of omomyid primates recovered in the Wasatch formation in Wyoming, suggest that anaptomorphines never developed the highly specialised molars seen in modern prosimians. Similarly, incisor enlargement was most likely an adaptation for grooming and food manipulation rather than a purely frugivorous or insectivorous diet.^[10]

Classification

Subfamily^[11] †Anaptomorphinae Cope, 1883
- †Trogolemurini
  - †Sphacorhysis Gunnell, 1995
  - †Trogolemur Matthew, 1909
  - †Walshina López-Torres, Silcox, and Holroyd, 2018
- †Anaptomorphini Cope, 1883
  - †Absarokius Matthew, 1915
  - †Anemorhysis Gazin, 1958
  - †Anaptomorphus Cope, 1872
  - †Arapahovius Savage & Waters, 1978
  - †Aycrossia Bown, 1979
  - †Bownomomys Morse et al, 2018
  - †Chlororhysis Gazin, 1958
  - †Gazinius Bown, 1979
  - †Mckennamorphus Szalay, 1976
  - †Pseudotetonius Bown, 1974
  - †Strigorhysis Bown, 1979
  - †Tatmanius Bown & Rose, 1991
  - †Teilhardina Simpson, 1940
  - †Tetonius Matthew, 1915

Notes

^ "Anaptomorphinae". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2021-07-22.
^ Delson, Tattersall & Van Couvering 1999
^ Tornow 2008
^ Fleagle 1999
^ Rose 2006
^ Krishtalka 1993
^ Beard et al; 1991^{[full citation needed]}
^ Rasmussen 2007
^ Rasmussen et al. 1999
^ Williams & Covert 1994, Abstract
^ "†Omomyidae: †Anaptomorphinae". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. 2004–2010. Retrieved 4 November 2012.

References

Delson, Eric; Tattersall, Ian; Van Couvering, John A. (1999). Encyclopedia of human evolution and prehistory. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-8153-1696-8.
Fleagle, John G. (1999). Primate Adaptation and Evolution. Academic Press. pp. 373–75. ISBN 9780122603419.
Krishtalka, Leonard (1993). "Anagenetic angst: Species Boundaries in Eocene Primates". In Kimbel, William H.; Martin, Lawrence (eds.). Species, species concepts, and primate evolution. Advances in primatology. Springer. ISBN 0-306-44297-3.
Rasmussen, D. Tab (2007). "Fossil record of the Primates from the Paleocene to the Oligocene". In Winfried, Henke; Tattersall, Ian; Hardt, Thorolf (eds.). Handbook of paleoanthropology, Volume 1. Springer. ISBN 978-3540324744.
Rasmussen, D. Tab; Conroy, Glenn C.; Friscia, Anthony R.; Townsend, K. Elisabeth; Kinkel, Mary D. (1999). "Mammals of the Middle Eocene Uinta Formation". In Gillette, David D. (ed.). Vertebrate paleontology in Utah. Vol. 1. Utah Geological Survey. ISBN 1-55791-634-9.
Rose, Kenneth David (2006). The beginning of the age of mammals. JHU Press. ISBN 0-8018-8472-1.
Tornow, M. A. (2008). "Systematic Analysis of the Eocene Primate Family Omomyidae Using Gnathic and Postcranial Data". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 49: 43–129. doi:10.3374/0079-032X(2008)49[43:SAOTEP]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86262940.
Williams, B A; Covert, H H (March 1994). "New early eocene anaptomorphine primate (Omomyidae) from the Washakie Basin, Wyoming, with comments on the phylogeny and paleobiology of anaptomorphines". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 93 (3): 323–40. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330930305. ISSN 0002-9483. PMID 8042695.

Haplorhini

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates

Haplorhini

†"Omomyidae"

Altanius? Altiatlasius? Bownomomys Kohatius
Microchoerinae	Indusomys Melaneremia Microchoerus Nannopithex Necrolemur Paraloris Pseudoloris Quercyloris Vectipithex
"Anaptomorphinae"	Absarokius Anaptomorphus Anemorhysis Arapahovius Aycrossia Chlororhysis Gazinius Pseudotetonius Sphacorhysis Strigorhysis Tatmanius Teilhardina Tetonius Tetonoides Trogolemur Walshina
"Omomyinae"	Ageitodendron Asiomomys Brontomomys Chipetaia Chumashius Diablomomys Dyseolemur Ekwiiyemakius Gunnelltarsius Hemiacodon Jemezius Loveina Macrotarsius Nesomomys Omomys Ourayia Rooneyia Shoshonius Steinius Stockia Uintanius Utahia Washakius Wyomomys Yaquius
Tarkadectinae	Tarka Tarkadectes Tarkops

Tarsiiformes

†Archicebus †Afrotarsiidae? †"Omomyidae"?
Tarsiidae	Carlito Cephalopachus †Hesperotarsius †Oligotarsius Tarsius †Xanthorhysis?

Simiiformes

- see below↓

Simiiformes

†Altiatlasius?
†Amamria
†Aseanpithecus
†Nosmips?
†Phileosimias?

†Afrotarsiidae?

Afrasia
Afrotarsius

†Eosimiidae

Bahinia
Eosimias
Phenacopithecus

†Amphipithecidae

Amphipithecus
Bugtipithecus?
Ganlea
Krabia
Myanmarpithecus
Pondaungia
Siamopithecus

†Parapithecoidea

Arsinoea Biretia
Proteopithecidae	Proteopithecus Serapia
Parapithecidae	Abuqatrania Apidium Parapithecus Qatrania Ucayalipithecus

Platyrrhini

†Parvimico †Perupithecus †Szalatavus †Canaanimico †Branisella †Lagonimico
Aotidae	Aotus †Tremacebus
Pitheciidae	†Antillothrix Cacajao Callicebus †Carlocebus †Cebupithecia Cheracebus Chiropotes †Homunculus †Insulacebus †Mazzonicebus †Miocallicebus †Nuciruptor Pithecia Plecturocebus †Proteropithecia †Soriacebus †Xenothrix
Atelidae	Alouatta Ateles Brachyteles †Caipora †Cartelles †Chilecebus Lagothrix †Mohanamico Oreonax †Paralouatta †Protopithecus †Solimoea †Stirtonia
Cebidae	†Acrecebus Cebus †Dolichocebus †Killikaike †Panamacebus †Patasola Saimiri Sapajus
Callitrichidae	Callimico Callithrix Cebuella Leontocebus Leontopithecus Mico †Micodon Saguinus

Catarrhini	see below↓

Catarrhini

†Micropithecus
†Saadanius

†Oligopithecidae

Catopithecus
Oligopithecus
Talahpithecus

†Propliopithecidae

Aegyptopithecus
Propliopithecus

†Pliopithecoidea

Krishnapithecus Paidopithex †Kapi
Pliopithecidae	Epipliopithecus Pliopithecus
Dionysopithecidae	Dionysopithecus Platodontopithecus
Crouzeliidae	Anapithecus Barberapithecus Crouzelia Egarapithecus Fanchangia Laccopithecus Plesiopliopithecus Pliobates

Cercopithecoidea

†Alophe

†Victoriapithecidae

Noropithecus
Nsungwepithecus?
Prohylobates?
Victoriapithecus
Zaltanpithecus

Colobinae

Cercopithecinae

Cercopithecini	Allenopithecus Allochrocebus Cercopithecus Chlorocebus Erythrocebus Miopithecus †Nanopithecus
Papionini	Cercocebus †Dinopithecus †Gorgopithecus Lophocebus Macaca Mandrillus Papio †Paradolichopithecus †Parapapio †Pliopapio †Procercocebus †Procynocephalus Rungwecebus †Soromandrillus Theropithecus

Hominoidea	see below↓

Hominoidea

†Afropithecus †Ekembo †Equatorius †Griphopithecus †Kamoyapithecus? †Kenyapithecus †Morotopithecus †Nacholapithecus †Otavipithecus †Proconsul †Samburupithecus
†Dendropithecidae	Dendropithecus Micropithecus? Nyanzapithecus Oreopithecus? Rangwapithecus Rukwapithecus Simiolus Turkanapithecus
Hylobatidae	†Bunopithecus Hoolock Hylobates †Junzi Nomascus Symphalangus †Yuanmoupithecus

Hominidae

†Graecopithecus †Nakalipithecus †Ouranopithecus
Ponginae	†Ankarapithecus †Gigantopithecus †Indopithecus †Khoratpithecus †Lufengpithecus †Meganthropus Pongo †Sivapithecus

Pan
Hominina	†Ardipithecus? †Australopithecus †Graecopithecus? Homo †Kenyanthropus †Orrorin? †Sahelanthropus? †Paranthropus