Antimony pentoxide

Antimony pentoxide
Names
IUPAC name
(dioxo-λ5-stibanyl)oxy-dioxo-λ5-stibane
Other names
antimony(V) oxide
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 1314-60-9 checkY
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
ChemSpider
  • 14129 checkY
ECHA InfoCard 100.013.853 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 215-237-7
PubChem CID
  • 14813
UNII
  • 756OCG058B checkY
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID6050467 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI
  • InChI=1S/5O.2Sb checkY
    Key: LJCFOYOSGPHIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/5O.2Sb/rO5Sb2/c1-6(2)5-7(3)4
    Key: LJCFOYOSGPHIOO-YOUOZQPQAC
  • O=[Sb](=O)O[Sb](=O)=O
Properties
Chemical formula
 Sb2O5
Molar mass 323.517 g/mol
Appearance yellow, powdery solid
Density 3.78 g/cm3, solid
Melting point 380 °C (716 °F; 653 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water
 0.3 g/100 mL
Solubility insoluble in nitric acid
Structure
Crystal structure
 cubic
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)
 117.69 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)
 –1008.18 kJ/mol
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
 GHS07: Exclamation markGHS09: Environmental hazardGHS03: OxidizingGHS08: Health hazard
Danger
H302, H315, H319, H335, H411
P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazard OX: Oxidizer. E.g. potassium perchlorate
3
0
1
OX
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)[1]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)[1]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
Chemical compound

Antimony pentoxide (molecular formula: Sb2O5) is a chemical compound of antimony and oxygen. It contains antimony in the +5 oxidation state.

Structure

Antimony pentoxide has the same structure as the B form of niobium pentoxide and can be derived from the rutile structure, with antimony coordinated by six oxygen atoms in a distorted octahedral arrangement. The SbO6 octahedra are corner- and edge-sharing.[2]

Sb coordination edge sharing corner sharing

Preparation

The hydrated oxide is prepared by hydrolysis of antimony pentachloride; or by acidification of potassium hexahydroxoantimonate(V). It may also be prepared by oxidation of antimony trioxide with nitric acid.[3]

Uses

Antimony pentoxide finds use as a flame retardant in ABS and other plastics and as a flocculant in the production of titanium dioxide, and is sometimes used in the production of glass, paint and adhesives.[4][5]

It is also used as an ion exchange resin for a number of cations in acidic solution including Na+ (especially for their selective retentions), and as a polymerization and oxidation catalyst.

Properties and reactions

The hydrated oxide is insoluble in nitric acid, but dissolves in a concentrated potassium hydroxide solution to give potassium hexahydroxoantimonate(V), or KSb(OH)6.[6]

When heated to 700 °C (1,290 °F), the yellow hydrated pentoxide converts to an anhydrous white solid with the formula Sb6O13, containing both antimony(III) and antimony(V). Heating to 900 °C (1,650 °F) produces a white, insoluble powder of Sb2O4 in both α and β forms. The β form consists of antimony(V) in octahedral interstices and pyramidal SbIIIO4 units. In these compounds, the antimony(V) atom is octahedrally coordinated to six hydroxy groups.

The pentoxide can be reduced to antimony metal by heating with hydrogen or potassium cyanide.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0036". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. ^ M. Jansen (March 1979). "Die Kristallstruktur von Antimon(V)-oxid". Acta Crystallogr. B. 35 (3): 539–542. Bibcode:1979AcCrB..35..539J. doi:10.1107/S056774087900409X.
  3. ^ Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0-07-049439-8
  4. ^ Bartlett, Jeffrey (1997-03-19). "Colloidal Antimony Pentoxide in Flame Retarded ABS". Nyacol Products, Inc. Archived from the original on 3 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-07-28.
  5. ^ "ANTIMONY PENTOXIDE". chemicalLAND21.com. Archived from the original on 27 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-07-28.
  6. ^ Pradyot Patnaik (2002). Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill. p. 54. ISBN 0-07-049439-8.
  7. ^ "Antimony" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 606.
  • v
  • t
  • e
Antimonides
Sb(III)
  • SbBr3
  • Sb(C2H3O2)3
  • SbCl3
  • SbF3
  • Sb4O4(OH)2(NO3)2
  • SbH3
  • SbI3
  • SbN3
  • Sb2O3
  • Sb2S3
  • Sb2(SO4)3
  • Sb2Se3
  • Sb2Te3
Organoantimony(III) compounds
  • Sb(CH3)3
  • Sb(C6H5)3
Sb(III,V)
  • Sb2O4
Sb(V)
  • SbCl5
  • SbF5
  • Sb2O5
  • Sb2S5
Organoantimony(V) compounds
  • Sb(CH3)5
  • Sb(C6H5)5
  • v
  • t
  • e
Mixed oxidation states
+1 oxidation state
+2 oxidation state
+3 oxidation state
  • Actinium(III) oxide (Ac2O3)
  • Aluminium oxide (Al2O3)
  • Americium(III) oxide (Am2O3)
  • Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3)
  • Arsenic trioxide (As2O3)
  • Berkelium(III) oxide (Bk2O3)
  • Bismuth(III) oxide (Bi2O3)
  • Boron trioxide (B2O3)
  • Caesium sesquioxide (Cs2O3)
  • Californium(III) oxide (Cf2O3)
  • Cerium(III) oxide (Ce2O3)
  • Chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3)
  • Cobalt(III) oxide (Co2O3)
  • Dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3)
  • Dysprosium(III) oxide (Dy2O3)
  • Einsteinium(III) oxide (Es2O3)
  • Erbium(III) oxide (Er2O3)
  • Europium(III) oxide (Eu2O3)
  • Gadolinium(III) oxide (Gd2O3)
  • Gallium(III) oxide (Ga2O3)
  • Gold(III) oxide (Au2O3)
  • Holmium(III) oxide (Ho2O3)
  • Indium(III) oxide (In2O3)
  • Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)
  • Lanthanum oxide (La2O3)
  • Lutetium(III) oxide (Lu2O3)
  • Manganese(III) oxide (Mn2O3)
  • Neodymium(III) oxide (Nd2O3)
  • Nickel(III) oxide (Ni2O3)
  • Phosphorus trioxide (P4O6)
  • Praseodymium(III) oxide (Pr2O3)
  • Promethium(III) oxide (Pm2O3)
  • Rhodium(III) oxide (Rh2O3)
  • Samarium(III) oxide (Sm2O3)
  • Scandium oxide (Sc2O3)
  • Terbium(III) oxide (Tb2O3)
  • Thallium(III) oxide (Tl2O3)
  • Thulium(III) oxide (Tm2O3)
  • Titanium(III) oxide (Ti2O3)
  • Tungsten(III) oxide (W2O3)
  • Vanadium(III) oxide (V2O3)
  • Ytterbium(III) oxide (Yb2O3)
  • Yttrium(III) oxide (Y2O3)
+4 oxidation state
+5 oxidation state
+6 oxidation state
+7 oxidation state
+8 oxidation state
Related
Oxides are sorted by oxidation state. Category:Oxides