Ballistocardiography

The ballistocardiograph (BCG) is a measure of ballistic forces generated by the heart.^[1] The downward movement of blood through the descending aorta produces an upward recoil, moving the body upward with each heartbeat.^[2] As different parts of the aorta expand and contract, the body continues to move downward and upward in a repeating pattern.^[3] Ballistocardiography is a technique for producing a graphical representation of repetitive motions of the human body arising from the sudden ejection of blood into the great vessels with each heart beat.^[4] It is a vital sign in the 1–20 Hz frequency range which is caused by the mechanical movement of the heart and can be recorded by noninvasive methods from the surface of the body. It was shown for the first time, after an extensive research work by Dr. Isaac Starr, that the effect of main heart malfunctions can be identified by observing and analyzing the BCG signal.^[5] Recent^[when?] work also validates BCG could be monitored using camera in a non-contact manner.^[6]

One example of the use of a BCG is a ballistocardiographic scale, which measures the recoil of the persons body who is on the scale. A BCG scale is able to show a person's heart rate as well as their weight.^{[citation needed]}

The term ballistocardiograph originated from the Roman ballista, which is derived from the Greek word ballein (to throw), a machine for launching missiles, plus the Greek words for heart and writing.^{[citation needed]}

See also

• Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS)
• Cardiac arrest
• Cardiac cycle
• EKG tech
• Cardiac monitoring
• Heart rate monitor
• Holter monitor
• SCP-ECG

References

• Half a century of contributing to medical care and society
• James S. Walker, 2002, Physics, Prentice Hall, p. 243–244
• Measuring the Heart's Kick
• Simultaneous Monitoring of Ballistocardiogram and Photoplethysmogram Using a Camera Dangdang Shao, "IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering", Volume: 64, Issue: 5, May 2017, p. 1003–1010

Further reading

• David M. Harrison (July 2003). "The Ballistocardiogram". Archived from the original on 8 February 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-22.
• Eblen-Zajjur, Antonio (2003). "A Simple Ballistocardiographic System For A Medical Cardiovascular Physiology Course". Advances in Physiology Education. 27 (4): 224–229. doi:10.1152/advan.00025.2002. PMID 14627620. S2CID 6895831.

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Tests and procedures involving the heart

• Cardiac surgery
• Interventional cardiology
• Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures
• Cardiac imaging

Surgery

Heart valves and septa	Valve repair Valvulotomy Mitral valve repair Valvuloplasty aortic mitral Valve replacement Aortic valve repair Aortic valve replacement Ross procedure Transcatheter Mitral valve replacement Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement production of septal defect in heart enlargement of existing septal defect Atrial septostomy Balloon septostomy creation of septal defect in heart Blalock–Hanlon procedure shunt from heart chamber to blood vessel atrium to pulmonary artery Fontan procedure left ventricle to aorta Rastelli procedure right ventricle to pulmonary artery Sano shunt compound procedures for transposition of the great vessels Arterial switch operation Mustard procedure Senning procedure for univentricular defect Norwood procedure Kawashima procedure shunt from blood vessel to blood vessel systemic circulation to pulmonary artery shunt Blalock–Taussig shunt SVC to the right PA Glenn procedure
Cardiac vessels	CHD Angioplasty Bypass/Coronary artery bypass MIDCAB Off-pump CAB TECAB Coronary stent Bare-metal stent Drug-eluting stent Obstacle removal Endarterectomy Atherectomy Bentall procedure Valve-sparing aortic root replacement LeCompte maneuver
Other	Pericardium Pericardiocentesis Pericardial window Pericardiectomy Myocardium Cardiomyoplasty Dor procedure Septal myectomy Ventricular reduction Alcohol septal ablation Conduction system Maze procedure (Cox maze and minimaze) Catheter ablation Cryoablation Radiofrequency ablation Pacemaker insertion S-ICD implantation ICD implantation Cardiac resynchronization therapy Left atrial appendage occlusion Cardiotomy Heart transplantation

Tests

Electrophysiology

Electrocardiography

Vectorcardiography

Holter monitor

Implantable loop recorder

Cardiac stress test

Bruce protocol

Electrophysiology study

Cardiac imaging

Angiocardiography

Echocardiography

TTE

TEE

Myocardial perfusion imaging

Cardiovascular MRI

Ventriculography

Radionuclide ventriculography

Cardiac catheterization/Coronary catheterization

Cardiac CT

Cardiac PET

sound

Phonocardiogram

Function tests

• Impedance cardiography
• Ballistocardiography
• Cardiotocography

Pacing

• Cardioversion
• Transcutaneous pacing

Category

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