Bare-metal stent

Bare-metal stent
A bare-metal stent diagonally from the front
ICD-9-CM	00.63, 36.06, 39.90
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A bare-metal stent is a stent made of thin, uncoated (bare) metal wire that has been formed into a mesh-like tube. The first stents licensed for use in cardiac arteries were bare metal – often 316L stainless steel. More recent "second generation" bare-metal stents have been made of cobalt chromium alloy.^[1] While plastic stents were first used to treat gastrointestinal conditions of the esophagus, gastroduodenum, biliary ducts, and colon, bare-metal stent advancements led to their use for these conditions starting in the 1990s.^[2]

Drug-eluting stents are often preferred over bare-metal stents because the latter carry a higher risk of restenosis, the growth of tissue into the stent resulting in vessel narrowing.^[3]

Examples

Stainless steel: R stent (OrbusNeich), Genous Bio-engineered R stent (OrbusNeich), (J&J, Cordis) BxVelocity, (Medtronic) Express2, Matrix Stent (Sahajanand Medical technologies)
Cobalt-chromium alloy: Vision (Abbott Vascular); MP35N Driver stent (Medtronic)^[4]
Platinum chromium alloy: Omega BMS (Boston Scientific)^[4]

References

^ Nikam N et al. Advances in stent technologies and their effect on clinical efficacy and safety. Med Devices (Auckl). 2014 Jun 3;7:165-78. PMID 24940085 PMC 4051714
^ Park JS, Jeong S, Lee DH. Recent Advances in Gastrointestinal Stent Development. Clin Endosc. 2015 May; 48(3): 209–215. PMID 26064820 PMC 4461664
^ Palmerini T et al. Long-Term Safety of Drug-Eluting and Bare-Metal Stents: Evidence From a Comprehensive Network Meta-Analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015 Jun 16;65(23):2496-507. PMID 26065988. Lay summary
^ ^a ^b Jorge C, Dubois C Clinical utility of platinum chromium bare-metal stents in coronary heart disease. Med Devices (Auckl). 2015 Aug 27;8:359-67. PMID 26345228 PMC 4556305

Tests and procedures involving the heart

Cardiac surgery
Interventional cardiology
Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures
Cardiac imaging

Surgery

Heart valves and septa	Valve repair Valvulotomy Mitral valve repair Valvuloplasty aortic mitral Valve replacement Aortic valve repair Aortic valve replacement Ross procedure Transcatheter Mitral valve replacement Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement production of septal defect in heart enlargement of existing septal defect Atrial septostomy Balloon septostomy creation of septal defect in heart Blalock–Hanlon procedure shunt from heart chamber to blood vessel atrium to pulmonary artery Fontan procedure left ventricle to aorta Rastelli procedure right ventricle to pulmonary artery Sano shunt compound procedures for transposition of the great vessels Arterial switch operation Mustard procedure Senning procedure for univentricular defect Norwood procedure Kawashima procedure shunt from blood vessel to blood vessel systemic circulation to pulmonary artery shunt Blalock–Taussig shunt SVC to the right PA Glenn procedure
Cardiac vessels	CHD Angioplasty Bypass/Coronary artery bypass MIDCAB Off-pump CAB TECAB Coronary stent Bare-metal stent Drug-eluting stent Obstacle removal Endarterectomy Atherectomy Bentall procedure Valve-sparing aortic root replacement LeCompte maneuver
Other	Pericardium Pericardiocentesis Pericardial window Pericardiectomy Myocardium Cardiomyoplasty Dor procedure Septal myectomy Ventricular reduction Alcohol septal ablation Conduction system Maze procedure (Cox maze and minimaze) Catheter ablation Cryoablation Radiofrequency ablation Pacemaker insertion S-ICD implantation ICD implantation Cardiac resynchronization therapy Left atrial appendage occlusion Cardiotomy Heart transplantation