Barisan Nasional

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The National Front (Malay: Barisan Nasional; abbrev: BN) is a political coalition of Malaysia that was founded in 1973 as a coalition of centre-right and right-wing political parties to succeed the Alliance Party. It is the third largest political coalition with 30 seats in the Dewan Rakyat after Pakatan Harapan (PH) with 82 seats and Perikatan Nasional (PN) with 74 seats.

The Barisan Nasional coalition employs the same inter-communal governing model of its predecessor the Alliance Party but on a wider scale, with up to 14 communal political parties involved in the coalition at one point.^[1] It dominated Malaysian politics for over thirty years after it was founded, but since 2008 has faced stronger challenges from opposition parties, notably the Pakatan Rakyat and later the Pakatan Harapan (PH) alliances. Taken together with its predecessor Alliance, it had a combined period of rule of almost 61 years from 1957 to 2018, and was considered the longest ruling coalition party in the democratic world.^[7]

The Barisan Nasional coalition lost its hold of the parliament to PH for the first time in Malaysian history after the 2018 general election. It was also the first time Barisan Nasional became the opposition coalition, with former prime minister and Barisan Nasional chairman Mahathir Mohamad becoming PH's leader. As a result, the Sabah and Sarawak BN component parties left the coalition and formed their own coalitions in 2018 and 2022. In the aftermath of the 2020 Malaysian political crisis, together with four other parties, the Barisan Nasional coalition returned to power under a Perikatan Nasional-led government. However, it suffered its worst result in the 2022 election, falling to third behind Pakatan Harapan and Perikatan Nasional, but it stayed in government by supporting Pakatan Harapan.

History

Formation

Barisan Nasional is the direct successor to the three-party Alliance coalition formed by United Malays National Organisation, Malaysian Chinese Association, and Malaysian Indian Congress. It was founded in the aftermath of the 1969 general election and the 13 May riots. The Alliance Party lost ground in the 1969 election to the opposition parties, in particular the two newly formed parties, Democratic Action Party and Gerakan, as well as Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party. Although the Alliance won a majority of seats, it gained less than half the popular vote, and the resulting tension between different communities led to the May 13 riots and the declaration of a state of emergency.^[8] After the Malaysian Parliament reconvened in 1971, negotiations to form a new alliance began with parties such as Gerakan and People's Progressive Party, both of which joined the Alliance in 1972, quickly followed by Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS).

In 1973, the Alliance Party was replaced by Barisan Nasional.^[1][9] The Barisan Nasional, which included regional parties from Sabah and Sarawak (Sabah Alliance Party, Sarawak United Peoples' Party, Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu), registered in June 1974 as a coalition of nine parties.^[9] It contested the 1974 general election as a grand coalition under the leadership of the prime minister Tun Abdul Razak, which it won with considerable success.^[10]

1977–2007

In 1977, PAS was expelled from Barisan Nasional following a revolt by PAS within the Kelantan state legislature against the chief minister appointed by the federal government.^[1] Barisan Nasional nevertheless won the 1978 general election convincingly, and it continued to dominate Malaysian politics in the 1980s and 1990s despite some losses in state elections, such as the loss of Kelantan to PAS, and Sabah to United Sabah Party which later joined Barisan Nasional.

By 2003, Barisan Nasional had grown to a coalition formed of more than a dozen communal parties. It performed particularly well in the 2004 general election, winning 198 out of 219 seats.

Although Barisan Nasional never achieved more than 67% of the popular vote in elections from 1974 to 2008, it maintained the consecutive two-thirds majority of seats in this period in the Dewan Rakyat until the 2008 election, benefitting from Malaysia's first-past-the-post voting system.^[11]

2008–2018

In the 2008 general election, Barisan Nasional lost more than one-third of the parliamentary seats to Pakatan Rakyat, a loose alliance of opposition parties. This marked Barisan's first failure to secure a two-thirds supermajority in Parliament since 1969. Five state governments, namely Selangor, Kelantan, Penang, Perak and Kedah fell to Pakatan Rakyat. Perak however was later returned via a court ruling following a constitutional crisis. Since 2008, the coalition has seen its non-Malay component parties greatly diminished in the peninsula.^[12]

The losses continued in the 2013 general election, and it recorded its worst election result at the time. BN regained Kedah but lost several more seats in Parliament along with the popular vote to Pakatan. Despite winning only 47% of the popular vote, it managed to gain 60% of the 222 parliamentary seats, thereby retaining control of the parliament.^[13]

And finally, during the 2018 general election, Barisan Nasional lost control of the parliament to Pakatan Harapan, winning a total of only 79 parliamentary seats. The crushing defeat ended their 61-year rule of the country, taken together with its predecessor (Alliance), and this paved the way for the first change of government in Malaysian history. The coalition won only 34% of the popular vote amid vote split of Islamic Party. In addition to their failure in regaining the Penang, Selangor and Kelantan state governments, six state governments, namely Johor, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Perak, Kedah and Sabah fell to Pakatan Harapan and WARISAN (Sabah). The Terengganu state government also fell but to the Gagasan Sejahtera. Barisan Nasional was only in power in three states; namely Perlis, Pahang and Sarawak.

Many of BN's component parties left the coalition following its humiliating defeat at the 2018 general election, reducing its number to 4 compared to 13 before the election.^[14] These parties either aligned themselves with the new Pakatan Harapan federal government, formed a new state-based pact or remained independent. They include three Sabah-based parties (UPKO, PBS and LDP),^[15][16] four Sarawak-based parties (PBB, SUPP, PRS and PDP, which formed a new state-based pact GPS),^[17][18] myPPP (under Kayveas faction)^[19] and Gerakan.^[20] myPPP experienced a leadership dispute, with Maglin announcing that the party remained within the coalition and Kayveas announcing that the party had left the coalition, resulting in the dissolution of the party on 14 January 2019.

Among the remaining four component parties in Barisan National, UMNO's parliamentary seats have reduced from 54 to 38 since 16 members of parliament left the party,^{[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]} while MCA's parliamentary seat maintains one. MIC's parliamentary seats have reduced from two to one after the Election Court nullified the results of the election for the Cameron Highlands federal constituency due to bribery,^[29] but BN regained its seat from a direct member under the 2019 by-election.^[30]

As a result of these developments, BN's parliamentary seats have reduced to 41, compared with 79 seats that BN won in the general election.

MCA and MIC made a statement in March 2019 that they want to "move on" and find a new alliance following disputes with the secretary-general, Nazri Abdul Aziz. Mohamad Hasan, the acting BN chairman, chaired a Supreme Council meeting in which all parties showed no consensus on dissolving the coalition.

2019–present

In January 2019, all Sabah UMNO branches including Sabah BN branches were dissolved and officially closed, leaving only one BN branch open. This brings the total BN seats in Sabah to only 2 seats.

Since 2019, Barisan Nasional recovered some ground and won a number of by-elections, such as the 2019 Cameron Highlands by-election,^[31] 2019 Semenyih by-election,^[32] 2019 Rantau by-election,^[33] and 2019 Tanjung Piai by-election,^[34] defeating Pakatan Harapan.

In September 2019, UMNO decided to form a pact with the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) called Muafakat Nasional. Its main purpose is to unite the Malay Muslim communities for electoral purposes.^[35] There was however no formal agreement with the other parties of Barisan Nasional, although there were calls for Barisan Nasional to migrate to Muafakat Nasional.^[36][37] Barisan Nasional continued to function as a coalition of four parties comprising UMNO, MCA, MIC and PBRS but aligned themselves with Perikatan Nasional to form a new government in March 2020 after the collapse of the Pakatan Harapan government.^[38] Barisan Nasional form a new government on 15 August 2021 with Perikatan Nasional after the collapse of the Perikatan Nasional government.

Barisan Nasional also recovered control of the Johor,^[39] Malacca^[40] and Perak^[41] state governments.

On 20 November 2021, Barisan Nasional won a two-thirds majority of 21 out of 28 seats in the Malacca State Legislative Assembly.^[42]

On 12 March 2022, Barisan gained a landslide victory in the 2022 Johor state election, allowing it to form the much more stable Johor state government with a two-thirds majority in the Johor State Legislative Assembly, which is 40 out of 56 seats while defeating Pakatan Harapan with 12 seats, Perikatan Nasional with 3 seats and Malaysian United Democratic Alliance with 1 seat.

2022 election

In the 2022 election, BN faced the worst result in its history, winning 30 out of 222 seats, compared to 82 and 74 seats for Pakatan Harapan and Perikatan Nasional respectively.^[43] Several key figures including Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah, Mahdzir Khalid, Azeez Rahim, Tengku Zafrul Aziz, and Khairy Jamaluddin, lost to either PN or PH candidates in their own constituencies.^{[43][44][45][46]} BN also lost several state elections held in Pahang and Perak and won no seats in Perlis.^[47] Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, the party president, was re-elected with a slim majority of 348, high decrease from 2018 Malaysian general election which he won with majority of 5073 votes.^[48] The election produced a hung parliament, but BN was elected to support the biggest coalition Pakatan Harapan and was rewarded with cabinet posts in the government.^[49][50]

Organisation

In 2013, the vast majority of Barisan Nasional's seats were held by its two largest Bumiputera-based political parties—the United Malays National Organisation, and Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu. For most of its history, both the Malaysian Chinese Association and Malaysian Indian Congress have played major roles in Barisan Nasional, but their representation in Parliament and state legislatures has become much more diminished. Nevertheless, each component party purports to represent – and limit membership – to a certain race: UMNO for the Malays, MCA for the Chinese and so on. In the view of some scholars:

Since its inception the Alliance remained a coalition of communal parties. Each of the component parties operated to all intents and purposes, save that of elections, as a separate party. Their membership was communal, except perhaps Gerakan, and their success was measured in terms of their ability to achieve the essentially parochial demands of their constituents.^[51]

Although both the Alliance and BN registered themselves as political parties, membership is mostly indirect through one of the constituent parties while direct membership is allowed.^[52] The BN defines itself as a "confederation of political parties which subscribe to the objects of the Barisan Nasional". Although in elections, all candidates stand under the BN symbol, and there is a BN manifesto, each individual constituent party also issues its own manifesto, and there is intra-coalition competition for seats prior to nomination day.^[53]

Member parties and allied parties

Logo	Name			Ideology	Position	Leader(s)	Seats contested	2022 result		Current seats
								Votes (%)	Seats	Composition
Member parties
		UMNO	United Malays National Organisation Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu	Ketuanan Melayu	Right-wing	Ahmad Zahid Hamidi	119	16.43%	26 / 222	26 / 30
		MCA	Malaysian Chinese Association Persatuan Cina Malaysia	Chinese interests	Centre-right	Wee Ka Siong	44	4.29%	2 / 222	2 / 30
		MIC	Malaysian Indian Congress Kongres India Malaysia	Dravidian movement		Vigneswaran Sanasee	10	1.11%	1 / 222	1 / 30
		PBRS	United Sabah People's Party Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah	Sabah nationalism	Right-wing	Arthur Joseph Kurup	2	0.15%	1 / 222	1 / 30
Allied Parties of BN
		PCM	Love Malaysia Party Parti Cinta Malaysia	National conservatism	Right-wing	Huan Cheng Guan	1	0.03%	0 / 222	0 / 30
		AMIPF	All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front Barisan Progresif India Se-Malaysia	Dravidian movement	Centre-right	Loganathan Thoraisamy	1	0.05%	0 / 222	0 / 30
		KIMMA	Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress Kongres India Muslim Malaysia	Islamism Indo-Malaysian Muslim interests	Right-wing	Syed Ibrahim Kader	1	0.14%	0 / 222	0 / 30
		MIUP	Malaysian Indian United Party Parti Bersatu India Malaysia	Dravidian movement		Nallakaruppan Solaimalai	N/A	N/A	0 / 222	0 / 30
		MMSP	Malaysia Makkal Sakti Party Parti Makkal Sakti Malaysia			R.S. Thanenthiran	1	0.07%	0 / 222	0 / 30
		MAP	Malaysian Advancement Party Parti Kemajuan Malaysia			Waytha Moorthy Ponnusamy	N/A	N/A	0 / 222	0 / 30
		PPM	Punjabi Party of Malaysia Parti Punjabi Malaysia	Sikhism		Gurjeet Singh Rhande	N/A	N/A	0 / 222	0 / 30
		IKATAN	Malaysia National Alliance Party Parti Ikatan Bangsa Malaysia	Social democracy	Centre-left	Abdul Kadir Sheikh Fadzir	N/A	N/A	0 / 222	0 / 30
Other allied parties
		MIRA	Minority Rights Action Party Parti Tindakan Hak Minoriti	Liberal democracy	N/A	S. Gobi Krishnan	N/A	N/A	0 / 222	0 / 30

Former member parties

*denotes defunct parties

• Malaysian People's Movement Party (GERAKAN) (1973–2018)
• Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) (1973–1978)
• People's Progressive Party (PPP or myPPP) (1973–2018)*
• Sabah Alliance Party (ALLIANCE) (1973–1975)*
  • United Sabah National Organisation (USNO) (1973–1975 under Sabah Alliance, 1976–1984, 1986–1993)*
  • Sabah Chinese Association (SCA) (1973–1975 under Sabah Alliance)*
• United Bumiputera Heritage Party (PBB) (1973–2018)
• Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP) (1973–2018)
• Sarawak National Party (SNAP) (1976–2004)*
• Sabah People's United Front (BERJAYA) (1976–1986)*
• Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA) (1978–1983)
• Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM) (1983–1989)*
• Sarawak Native People's Party (PBDS) (1983–2004)*
• United Sabah Party (PBS) (1986–1990, 2002–2018)
• Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) (1991–2018)
• People's Justice Front (AKAR) (1991–2001)*
• Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP) (1994–2008)
• Sabah Democratic Party (PDS) (1995–1999)*
• United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation (UPKO) (1999–2018)
• Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party (SPDP/PDP) (2002–2018)
• Sarawak Peoples' Party (PRS) (2004–2018)

List of party chairmen

No.	Name (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Term of office
1	Abdul Razak Hussein (1922–1976)		1 January 1973	14 January 1976
2	Hussein Onn (1922–1990)		15 January 1976	28 June 1981
3	Mahathir Mohamad (b. 1925)		28 June 1981	4 February 1988
–	Ling Liong Sik (Acting) (b. 1943)		4 February 1988	16 February 1988
(3)	Mahathir Mohamad (b. 1925)		16 February 1988	30 October 2003
4	Abdullah Ahmad Badawi (b. 1939)		31 October 2003	26 March 2009
5	Mohd Najib Abdul Razak (b. 1953)		26 March 2009	12 May 2018
6	Ahmad Zahid Hamidi (b. 1953)		30 June 2018	18 December 2018
–	Mohamad Hasan (Acting) (b. 1956)		18 December 2018	30 June 2019
(6)	Ahmad Zahid Hamidi (b. 1953)		30 June 2019	Incumbent

Leadership structure

Barisan Nasional Supreme Council:^[54]

Elected representatives

Dewan Negara (Senate)

Senators

Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)

Members of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament

Barisan Nasional has 30 MPs in the House of Representatives, with 26 MPs (or 92.5%) of them from UMNO.

State	No.	Parliament Constituency	Member	Party
Perak	P055	Lenggong	Shamsul Anuar Nasarah		UMNO
	P072	Tapah	Saravanan Murugan		MIC
	P075	Bagan Datuk	Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi		UMNO
Pahang	P078	Cameron Highlands	Ramli Mohd Nor		UMNO
	P079	Lipis	Abdul Rahman Mohamad		UMNO
	P084	Paya Besar	Mohd. Shahar Abdullah		UMNO
	P085	Pekan	Sh Mohmed Puzi Sh Ali		UMNO
	P090	Bera	Ismail Sabri Yaakob		UMNO
Kuala Lumpur	P119	Titiwangsa	Johari Abdul Ghani		UMNO
Negeri Sembilan	P126	Jelebu	Jalaluddin Alias		UMNO
	P127	Jempol	Shamshulkahar Mohd. Deli		UMNO
	P129	Kuala Pilah	Adnan Abu Hassan		UMNO
	P131	Rembau	Mohamad Hasan		UMNO
	P133	Tampin	Mohd Isam Mohd Isa		UMNO
Johor	P147	Parit Sulong	Noraini Ahmad		UMNO
	P148	Ayer Hitam	Wee Ka Siong		MCA
	P151	Simpang Renggam	Hasni Mohammad		UMNO
	P153	Sembrong	Hishammuddin Hussein		UMNO
	P155	Tenggara	Manndzri Nasib		UMNO
	P156	Kota Tinggi	Mohamed Khaled Nordin		UMNO
	P157	Pengerang	Azalina Othman Said		UMNO
	P164	Pontian	Ahmad Maslan		UMNO
	P165	Tanjung Piai	Wee Jeck Seng		MCA
Sabah	P173	Putatan	Shahelmey Yahya		UMNO
	P176	Kimanis	Mohamad Alamin		UMNO
	P177	Beaufort	Siti Aminah Aching		UMNO
	P182	Pensiangan	Arthur Joseph Kurup		PBRS
	P184	Libaran	Suhaimi Nasir		UMNO
	P187	Kinabatangan	Bung Moktar Radin		UMNO
	P191	Kalabakan	Andi Muhammad Suryady Bandy		UMNO
Total	Perak (3), Pahang (5), Kuala Lumpur (1), Negeri Sembilan (5), Johor (9), Sabah (7)

Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)

Malaysian State Assembly Representatives

State	No.	Parliamentary Constituency	No.	State Assembly Constituency	Member	Party
Kelantan	P32	Gua Musang	N45	Galas	Mohd Syahbuddin Hashim		UMNO
Penang	P41	Kepala Batas	N2	Bertam	Reezal Merican Naina Merican		UMNO
	P47	Nibong Tebal	N21	Sungai Acheh	Rashidi Zainol		UMNO
Perak	P54	Gerik	N2	Temenggor	Salbiah Mohamed		UMNO
	P55	Lenggong	N4	Kota Tampan	Saarani Mohammad		UMNO
	P62	Sungai Siput	N21	Lintang	Mohd Zolkafly Harun		UMNO
	P68	Bruas	N36	Pengkalan Baharu	Ahmad Faisal Mansor		UMNO
	P69	Parit	N39	Belanja	Khairudin Abu Hanipah		UMNO
	P72	Tapah	N47	Chenderiang	Choong Sin Heng		MCA
			N48	Ayer Kuning	Isham Shahruddin		UMNO
	P75	Bagan Datuk	N53	Rungkup	Shahrul Zaman Yahya		UMNO
	P77	Tanjong Malim	N59	Behrang	Salina Samsudin		UMNO
Pahang	P78	Cameron Highlands	N2	Jelai	Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail		UMNO
	P79	Lipis	N3	Padang Tengku	Mustapa Long		UMNO
			N5	Benta	Mohd. Soffi Abd. Razak		UMNO
	P80	Raub	N6	Batu Talam	Abd Aziz Mat Kiram		UMNO
			N8	Dong	Fazdzli Kamal		UMNO
	P83	Kuantan	N16	Inderapura	Shafik Fauzan Sharif		UMNO
	P85	Pekan	N21	Peramu Jaya	Nizar Najib		UMNO
			N22	Bebar	Mohd. Fakhruddin Mohd. Ariff		UMNO
			N23	Chini	Mohd Sharim Md Zain		UMNO
	P87	Kuala Krau	N27	Jenderak	Rodzuan Zaaba		UMNO
			N28	Kerdau	Syed Ibrahim Syed Ahmad		UMNO
	P89	Bentong	N35	Sabai	V Arumugam		MIC
			N36	Pelangai	Amizar Abu Adam		UMNO
	P90	Bera	N37	Guai	Sabariah Sadan		UMNO
			N39	Kemayan	Khairulnizam Mohamad Zuldin		UMNO
	P91	Rompin	N41	Muadzam Shah	Razali Kassim		UMNO
			N42	Tioman	Mohd Johari Hussain		UMNO
Selangor	P92	Sabak Bernam	N1	Sungai Air Tawar	Rizam Ismail		UMNO
	P101	Ulu Langat	N23	Dusun Tua	Johan Abd Aziz		UMNO
Negeri Sembilan	P126	Jelebu	N2	Pertang	Jalaluddin Alias		UMNO
			N3	Sungai Lui	Mohd Razi Mohd Ali		UMNO
	P127	Jempol	N6	Palong	Mustafa Nagoor		UMNO
			N7	Jeram Padang	Mohd Zaidy Abdul Kadir		UMNO
	P128	Seremban	N9	Lenggeng	Mohd Asna Amin		UMNO
	P129	Kuala Pilah	N15	Juasseh	Bibi Sharliza Mohd Khalid		UMNO
			N16	Seri Menanti	Abdul Samad Ibrahim		UMNO
			N17	Senaling	Ismail Lasim		UMNO
			N19	Johol	Saiful Yazan Sulaiman		UMNO
	P131	Rembau	N26	Chembong	Zaifulbahri Idris		UMNO
			N27	Rantau	Mohamad Hasan		UMNO
			N28	Kota	Awaludin Said		UMNO
	P132	Port Dickson	N32	Linggi	Abdul Rahman Mohd. Redza		UMNO
	P133	Tampin	N35	Gemencheh	Suhaimizan Bikar		UMNO
Malacca	P134	Masjid Tanah	N1	Kuala Linggi	Rosli Abdullah		UMNO
			N2	Tanjung Bidara	Ab Rauf Yusoh		UMNO
			N3	Ayer Limau	Hameed Mytheen Kunju Basheer		UMNO
			N4	Lendu	Sulaiman Md Ali		UMNO
			N5	Taboh Naning	Zulkiflee Mohd Zin		UMNO
	P135	Alor Gajah	N6	Rembia	Muhammad Jailani Khamis		UMNO
			N7	Gadek	Shanmugam Ptcyhay		MIC
			N8	Machap Jaya	Ngwe Hee Sem		MCA
			N9	Durian Tunggal	Zahari Abdul Kalil		UMNO
			N10	Asahan	Fairul Nizam Roslan		UMNO
	P136	Tangga Batu	N12	Pantai Kundor	Tuminah Kadi Mohd Hashim		UMNO
			N13	Paya Rumput	Rais Yasin		UMNO
			N14	Kelebang	Lim Ban Hong		MCA
	P137	Hang Tuah Jaya	N15	Pengkalan Batu	Kalsom Noordin		UMNO
			N18	Ayer Molek	Rahmad Mariman		UMNO
	P138	Kota Melaka	N21	Duyong	Mohd Noor Helmy Abu Halem		UMNO
			N23	Telok Mas	Abdul Razak Abdul Rahman		UMNO
	P139	Jasin	N25	Rim	Khaidhirah Abu Zahar		UMNO
			N26	Serkam	Zaidi Attan		UMNO
			N27	Merlimau	Muhamad Akmal Saleh		UMNO
			N28	Sungai Rambai	Siti Faizah Abdul Azis		UMNO
Johor	P140	Segamat	N1	Buloh Kasap	Zahari Sarip		UMNO
	P141	Sekijang	N3	Pemanis	Anuar Abdul Manap		UMNO
			N4	Kemelah	Saraswathy Nallathanby		MIC
	P142	Labis	N5	Tenang	Haslinda Salleh		UMNO
			N6	Bekok	Tan Chong		MCA
	P143	Pagoh	N8	Bukit Pasir	Mohamad Fazli Mohamad Salleh		UMNO
	P144	Ledang	N9	Gambir	Sahrihan Jani		UMNO
			N11	Serom	Khairin Nisa Ismail		UMNO
	P145	Bakri	N14	Bukit Naning	Fuad Tukirin		UMNO
	P146	Muar	N16	Sungai Balang	Selamat Takim		UMNO
	P147	Parit Sulong	N17	Semerah	Mohd Fared Mohd Khalid		UMNO
			N18	Sri Medan	Zulkurnain Kamisan		UMNO
	P148	Ayer Hitam	N19	Yong Peng	Ling Tian Soon		MCA
			N20	Semarang	Samsolbari Jamali		UMNO
	P149	Sri Gading	N21	Parit Yaani	Mohd Najib Samuri		UMNO
			N22	Pasir Raja	Nor Rashidah Ramli		UMNO
	P150	Batu Pahat	N24	Senggarang	Mohd Yusla Ismail		UMNO
			N25	Rengit	Mohd Puad Zarkashi		UMNO
	P151	Simpang Renggam	N26	Machap	Onn Hafiz Ghazi		UMNO
			N27	Layang-Layang	Abd Mutalip Abd Rahim		UMNO
	P152	Kluang	N29	Mahkota	Sharifah Azizah Syed Zain		UMNO
	P153	Sembrong	N30	Paloh	Lee Ting Han		MCA
			N31	Kahang	Vidyananthan Ramanadhan		MIC
	P154	Mersing	N33	Tenggaroh	Raven Kumar Krishnasamy		MIC
	P155	Tenggara	N34	Panti	Hahasrin Hashim		UMNO
			N35	Pasir Raja	Rashidah Ismail		UMNO
	P156	Kota Tinggi	N36	Sedili	Muszaidi Makmor		UMNO
			N37	Johor Lama	Norlizah Noh		UMNO
	P157	Pengerang	N38	Penawar	Fauziah Misri		UMNO
			N39	Tanjung Surat	Aznan Tamin		UMNO
	P158	Tebrau	N40	Tiram	Azizul Bachok		UMNO
	P159	Pasir Gudang	N43	Permas	Baharudin Mohd Taib		UMNO
	P160	Johor Bahru	N44	Larkin	Mohd Hairi Mad Shah		UMNO
	P161	Pulai	N47	Kempas	Ramlee Bohani		UMNO
	P162	Iskandar Puteri	N49	Kota Iskandar	Pandak Ahmad		UMNO
	P163	Kulai	N50	Bukit Permai	Mohd Jafni Md Shukor		UMNO
	P164	Pontian	N53	Benut	Hasni Mohammad		UMNO
			N54	Pulai Sebatang	Hasrunizah Hassan		UMNO
	P165	Tanjung Piai	N55	Pekan Nanas	Tan Eng Meng		MCA
			N56	Kukup	Jefridin Atan		UMNO
Sabah	P167	Kudat	N2	Bengkoka	Harun Durabi		UMNO
	P169	Kota Belud	N10	Usukan	Salleh Said Keruak		UMNO
	P171	Sepanggar	N16	Karambunai	Yakubah Khan		UMNO
	P174	Putatan	N24	Tanjung Keramat	Shahelmey Yahya		UMNO
	P175	Papar	N29	Pantai Manis	Mohd Tamin @ Tamin Zainal		UMNO
	P184	Libaran	N51	Sungai Manila	Mokran Ingkat		UMNO
			N52	Sungai Sibuga	Mohamad Hamsan Awang Supain		UMNO
	P187	Kinabatangan	N58	Lamag	Bung Mokhtar Radin		UMNO
			N59	Sukau	Jafry Ariffin		UMNO
	P188	Lahad Datu	N61	Segama	Mohamaddin Ketapi		UMNO
	P191	Kalabakan	N71	Tanjong Batu	Andi Muhammad Suryady Bandy		UMNO
			—	Nominated member	Suhaimi Nasir		UMNO
			—	Nominated member	Raime Unggi		UMNO
Total	Kelantan (1), Penang (2), Perak (9), Pahang (16), Selangor (2), Negeri Sembilan (14), Malacca (21), Johor (40), Sabah (13)

Barisan Nasional state governments

State	Leader type	Member	Party		State Constituency
Johor	Menteri Besar	Onn Hafiz Ghazi		UMNO	Machap
Malacca	Chief Minister	Ab Rauf Yusoh		UMNO	Tanjung Bidara
Pahang	Menteri Besar	Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail		UMNO	Jelai
Perak	Menteri Besar	Saarani Mohammad		UMNO	Kota Tampan

State	Leader type	Member	Party		State Constituency
Malacca	Senior EXCO	Rais Yasin		UMNO	Paya Rumput
Negeri Sembilan	Senior EXCO	Jalaluddin Alias		UMNO	Pertang
Sabah	Deputy Chief Minister III	Shahelmey Yahya		UMNO	Tanjung Keramat

Barisan Nasional also forms the state governments of Negeri Sembilan, Penang and Selangor in coalition with Pakatan Harapan, following the formation of the federal unity government (Kerajaan Perpaduan) in the aftermath of the 15th general election of November 2022.

State	Leader type	Member	Party		State Constituency
Johor	Speaker	Mohd Puad Zarkashi		UMNO	Rengit
Johor	Deputy Speaker	Samsolbari Jamali		UMNO	Semarang
Malacca	Speaker	Ibrahim Durum		UMNO	Non-MLA
Pahang	Speaker	Mohd Sharkar Shamsudin		UMNO	Non-MLA
Perak	Speaker	Mohamad Zahir Abdul Khalid		UMNO	Non-MLA
Sabah	Speaker	Kadzim M Yahya		UMNO	Non-MLA

Ministerial posts

General election results

Election	Total seats won	Seats contested	Share of seats	Total votes	Share of votes	Outcome of election	Election leader
1974	135 / 154	154	87.7%	1,287,400	60.8%	135 seats; Governing coalition	Abdul Razak Hussein
1978	131 / 154	154	85.1%	1,987,907	57.2%	4 seats; Governing coalition	Hussein Onn
1982	132 / 154	154	85.7%	2,522,079	60.5%	1 seats; Governing coalition	Mahathir Mohamad
1986	148 / 177	177	83.6%	2,649,263	57.3%	16 seats; Governing coalition	Mahathir Mohamad
1990	127 / 180	180	70.6%	2,985,392	53.4%	21 seats; Governing coalition	Mahathir Mohamad
1995	162 / 192	192	84.4%	3,881,214	65.2%	35 seats; Governing coalition	Mahathir Mohamad
1999	148 / 193	193	76.2%	3,748,511	56.53%	15 seats; Governing coalition	Mahathir Mohamad
2004	198 / 219	219	90.4%	4,420,452	63.9%	51 seats; Governing coalition	Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
2008	140 / 222	222	63.1%	4,082,411	50.27%	58 seats; Governing coalition	Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
2013	133 / 222	221	59.9%	5,237,555	47.38%	7 seats;[55] Governing coalition	Najib Razak
2018	79 / 222	222	35.59%	3,794,827	33.96%	54 seats; Opposition coalition (2018-2020) Governing coalition with Perikatan Nasional (2020-2022)	Najib Razak
2022	30 / 222	178	13.51%	3,462,231	22.36%	49 seats; Governing coalition with Pakatan Harapan, Gabungan Parti Sarawak, Gabungan Rakyat Sabah and Parti Warisan	Ahmad Zahid Hamidi

State election results

Notes

References

Literature

• Chok, Suat Ling (4 October 2005). "MPs in the dock". New Straits Times, p. 1, 6.
• Chin, James. 2002. Malaysia: The Barisan National Supremacy. In David Newman & John Fuh-sheng Hsieh (eds), How Asia Votes, pp. 210–233. New York: Chatham House, Seven Bridges Press. ISBN 1-889119-41-5.
• Pillai, M.G.G. (3 November 2005). "National Front parties were not formed to fight for Malaysian independence". Malaysia Not Today

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Barisan Nasional.

• Official website