Boselaphini

Tribe of mammals

Boselaphini

Nilgai

Four-horned antelope
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Family:	Bovidae
Subfamily:	Bovinae
Tribe:	Boselaphini Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907
Genera
Tetracerus Boselaphus and see text.

Boselaphini is a tribe of bovines. It contains only two extant genera, each with a single extant species.

Description

The Boselaphini or four-horned antelope tribe are the last survivors of a form very similar to that of the ancestors of the broader subfamily. The oldest fossil members of the tribe, such as Eotragus, date to the Miocene about 18 to 20 million years ago. Such fossils possessed horns very similar to those of males belonging to the two living species, although in some cases, they were also present in females.^[1]

Both extant species have relatively primitive anatomical and behavioural characteristics and the females have no horns. They are native to the rapidly diminishing forests of India, and tend to avoid open plains. The nilgai has been introduced into southern Texas where a population of a little under 15,000 animals provides some long-term insurance for its survival.^{[citation needed]}

Genera

Extant species

Image	Genus	Species
	Boselaphus Blainville, 1816	nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus)
	Tetracerus Leach, 1825	four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis)

Phylogeny

The following are the genera classified under the tribe. Genera marked with † are extinct.^[2]

Tribe Boselaphini

Boselaphus
- Boselaphus tragocamelus - Nilgai or blue bull (not to be confused with the extinct bluebuck Hippotragus leucophaeus)
†Elachistoceras
†Duboisia
†Dystychoceras
†Eotragus
†Kipsigicerus
†Mesembriportax
†?Miotragocerus
†Pachyportax
†Perimia
†Phronetragus
†Pliodorcas
†Plioportax
†Proboselaphus
†Protragocerus
†Ruticeros
†Samokeros
†Selenoportax
†Sivaportax
†Sivoreas
†Strogulognathus
Tetracerus
- Tetracerus quadricornis - Four-horned antelope^[3]
†?Tragoportax
†Tragoreas

References

^ Kostopoulos, D.S. (2005). "The Bovidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the late Miocene of Akkaşdaği, Turkey" (PDF). Geodiversitas. 27 (4): 747–791. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-12-02.
^ Haaramo, M. "Mikko's Phylogency Archive (Boselaphini)". Retrieved 25 March 2011.
^ Leslie, D.M. & Sharma K. (2009). "Tetracerus quadricornis (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)". Mammalian Species (843): 1–11. doi:10.1644/843.1.

Extant Artiodactyla species

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Infraclass: Eutheria
Superorder: Laurasiatheria

Suborder Ruminantia

Antilocapridae

Antilocapra	Pronghorn (A. americana)

Giraffidae

Okapia	Okapi (O. johnstoni)
Giraffa	Northern giraffe (G. camelopardalis) Southern giraffe (G. giraffa) Reticulated giraffe (G. reticulata) Masai giraffe (G. tippelskirchi)

Moschidae

Moschus	Anhui musk deer (M. anhuiensis) Dwarf musk deer (M. berezovskii) Alpine musk deer (M. chrysogaster) Kashmir musk deer (M. cupreus) Black musk deer (M. fuscus) Himalayan musk deer (M. leucogaster) Siberian musk deer (M. moschiferus)

Tragulidae

Hyemoschus	Water chevrotain (H. aquaticus)
Moschiola	Indian spotted chevrotain (M. indica) Yellow-striped chevrotain (M. kathygre) Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (M. meminna)
Tragulus	Java mouse-deer (T. javanicus) Lesser mouse-deer (T. kanchil) Greater mouse-deer (T. napu) Philippine mouse-deer (T. nigricans) Vietnam mouse-deer (T. versicolor) Williamson's mouse-deer (T. williamsoni)

Cervidae

Large family listed below

Bovidae

Large family listed below

Family Cervidae

Cervinae

Muntiacus	Bornean yellow muntjac (M. atherodes) Hairy-fronted muntjac (M. crinifrons) Fea's muntjac (M. feae) Gongshan muntjac (M. gongshanensis) Sumatran muntjac (M. montanus) Southern red muntjac (M. muntjak) Pu Hoat muntjac (M. puhoatensis) Leaf muntjac (M. putaoensis) Reeves's muntjac (M. reevesi) Roosevelt's muntjac (M. rooseveltorum) Truong Son muntjac (M. truongsonensis) Northern red muntjac (M. vaginalis) Giant muntjac (M. vuquangensis)
Elaphodus	Tufted deer (E. cephalophus)
Dama	European fallow deer (D. dama) Persian fallow deer (D. mesopotamica)
Axis	Chital (A. axis) Calamian deer (A. calamianensis) Bawean deer (A. kuhlii) Hog deer (A. porcinus)
Rucervus	Barasingha (R. duvaucelii) Eld's deer (R. eldii)
Elaphurus	Père David's deer (E. davidianus)
Rusa	Visayan spotted deer (R. alfredi) Philippine sambar (R. mariannus) Rusa deer (R. timorensis) Sambar (R. unicolor)
Cervus	Thorold's deer (C. albirostris) Red deer (C. elaphus) Elk (C. canadensis) Central Asian red deer (C. hanglu) Sika deer (C. nippon)

Capreolinae

Alces	Moose (A. alces)
Hydropotes	Water deer (H. inermis)
Capreolus	European roe deer (C. capreolus) Siberian roe deer (C. pygargus)
Rangifer	Reindeer (R. tarandus)
Hippocamelus	Taruca (H. antisensis) South Andean deer (H. bisulcus)
Mazama	Red brocket (M. americana) Small red brocket (M. bororo) Merida brocket (M. bricenii) Dwarf brocket (M. chunyi) Gray brocket (M. gouazoubira) Pygmy brocket (M. nana) Amazonian brown brocket (M. nemorivaga) Little red brocket (M. rufina) Central American red brocket (M. temama)
Ozotoceros	Pampas deer (O. bezoarticus)
Blastocerus	Marsh deer (B. dichotomus)
Pudu	Northern pudu (P. mephistophiles)? Southern pudu (P. pudu)
Pudella?	Peruvian Yungas pudu (P. carlae) Northern pudu (P. mephistophiles)
Odocoileus	Mule deer (O. hemionus) Yucatan brown brocket (O. pandora) White-tailed deer (O. virginianus)

Family Bovidae

Hippotraginae

Hippotragus	Roan antelope (H. equinus) Sable antelope (H. niger)
Oryx	East African oryx (O. beisa) Scimitar oryx (O. dammah) Gemsbok (O. gazella) Arabian oryx (O. leucoryx)
Addax	Addax (A. nasomaculatus)

Reduncinae

Kobus	Waterbuck (K. ellipsiprymnus) Kob (K. kob) Lechwe (K. leche) Nile lechwe (K. megaceros) Puku (K. vardonii)
Redunca	Southern reedbuck (R. arundinum) Mountain reedbuck (R. fulvorufula) Bohor reedbuck (R. redunca)

Aepycerotinae

Aepyceros	Impala (A. melampus)

Peleinae

Pelea	Grey rhebok (P. capreolus)

Alcelaphinae

Beatragus	Hirola (B. hunteri)
Damaliscus	Common tsessebe (D. lunatus) Bontebok (D. pygargus)
Alcelaphus	Hartebeest (A. buselaphus)
Connochaetes	Black wildebeest (C. gnou) Blue wildebeest (C. taurinus)

Pantholopinae

Pantholops	Tibetan antelope (P. hodgsonii)

Caprinae

Large subfamily listed below

Bovinae

Large subfamily listed below

Antilopinae

Large subfamily listed below

Family Bovidae (subfamily Caprinae)

Ammotragus	Barbary sheep (A. lervia)
Arabitragus	Arabian tahr (A. jayakari)
Budorcas	Takin (B. taxicolor)
Capra	Wild goat (C. aegagrus) West Caucasian tur (C. caucasia) East Caucasian tur (C. cylindricornis) Markhor (C. falconeri) Domestic goat (C. hircus) Alpine ibex (C. ibex) Nubian ibex (C. nubiana) Iberian ibex (C. pyrenaica) Siberian ibex (C. sibirica) Walia ibex (C. walie)
Capricornis	Japanese serow (C. crispus) Red serow (C. rubidus) Mainland serow (C. sumatraensis) Taiwan serow (C. swinhoei)
Hemitragus	Himalayan tahr (H. jemlahicus)
Naemorhedus	Red goral (N. baileyi) Long-tailed goral (N. caudatus) Himalayan goral (N. goral) Chinese goral (N. griseus)
Oreamnos	Mountain goat (O. americanus)
Ovibos	Muskox (O. moschatus)
Nilgiritragus	Nilgiri tahr (N. hylocrius)
Ovis	Argali (O. ammon) Domestic sheep (O. aries) Bighorn sheep (O. canadensis) Dall sheep (O. dalli) Mouflon (O. gmelini) Snow sheep (O. nivicola) Urial (O. vignei)
Pseudois	Bharal (P. nayaur)
Rupicapra	Pyrenean chamois (R. pyrenaica) Chamois (R. rupicapra)

Family Bovidae (subfamily Bovinae)

Boselaphini

Tetracerus	Four-horned antelope (T. quadricornis)
Boselaphus	Nilgai (B. tragocamelus)

Bovini

Bubalus	Wild water buffalo (B. arnee) Domestic water buffalo (B. bubalis) Lowland anoa (B. depressicornis) Tamaraw (B. mindorensis) Mountain anoa (B. quarlesi)
Bos	American bison (B. bison) European bison (B. bonasus) Bali cattle (B. domesticus) Gayal (B. frontalis) Gaur (B. gaurus) Domestic yak (B. grunniens) Zebu (B. indicus) Banteng (B. javanicus) Wild yak (B. mutus) Cattle (B. taurus)
Pseudoryx	Saola (P. nghetinhensis)
Syncerus	African buffalo (S. caffer)

Tragelaphini

Tragelaphus (including kudus)	Nyala (T. angasii) Mountain nyala (T. buxtoni) Bongo (T. eurycerus) Lesser kudu (T. imberbis) Harnessed bushbuck (T. scriptus) Sitatunga (T. spekeii) Greater kudu (T. strepsiceros) Cape bushbuck (T. sylvaticus)
Taurotragus	Giant eland (T. derbianus) Common eland (T. oryx)

Family Bovidae (subfamily Antilopinae)

Antilopini

Ammodorcas	Dibatag (A. clarkei)
Antidorcas	Springbok (A. marsupialis)
Antilope	Blackbuck (A. cervicapra)
Eudorcas	Mongalla gazelle (E. albonotata) Red-fronted gazelle (E. rufifrons) Thomson's gazelle (E. thomsonii) Heuglin's gazelle (E. tilonura)
Gazella	Chinkara (G. bennettii) Cuvier's gazelle (G. cuvieri) Dorcas gazelle (G. dorcas) Erlanger's gazelle (G. erlangeri) Mountain gazelle (G. gazella) Rhim gazelle (G. leptoceros) Speke's gazelle (G. spekei) Goitered gazelle (G. subgutturosa)
Litocranius	Gerenuk (L. walleri)
Nanger	Dama gazelle (N. dama) Grant's gazelle (N. granti) Bright's gazelle (N. notatus) Peter's gazelle (N. petersii) Soemmerring's gazelle (N. soemmerringii)
Procapra	Mongolian gazelle (P. gutturosa) Goa (P. picticaudata) Przewalski's gazelle (P. przewalskii)

Saigini

Pantholops	Tibetan antelope (P. hodgsonii)
Saiga	Saiga antelope (S. tatarica)

Neotragini

Dorcatragus	Beira (D. megalotis)
Madoqua	Günther's dik-dik (M. guentheri) Kirk's dik-dik (M. kirkii) Silver dik-dik (M. piacentinii) Salt's dik-dik (M. saltiana)
Neotragus	Bates' pygmy antelope (N. batesi) Suni (N. moschatus) Royal antelope (N. pygmaeus)
Oreotragus	Klipspringer (O. oreotragus)
Ourebia	Oribi (O. ourebi)
Raphicerus	Steenbok (R. campestris) Cape grysbok (R. melanotis) Sharpe's grysbok (R. sharpei)

Cephalophini

Cephalophus	Aders's duiker (C. adersi) Brooke's duiker (C. brookei) Peters' duiker (C. callipygus) White-legged duiker (C. crusalbum) Bay duiker (C. dorsalis) Harvey's duiker (C. harveyi) Jentink's duiker (C. jentinki) White-bellied duiker (C. leucogaster) Red forest duiker (C. natalensis) Black duiker (C. niger) Black-fronted duiker (C. nigrifrons) Ogilby's duiker (C. ogilbyi) Ruwenzori duiker (C. rubidis) Red-flanked duiker (C. rufilatus) Yellow-backed duiker (C. silvicultor) Abbott's duiker (C. spadix) Weyns's duiker (C. weynsi) Zebra duiker (C. zebra)
Philantomba	Blue duiker (P. monticola) Maxwell's duiker (P. maxwellii) Walter's duiker (P. walteri)
Sylvicapra	Common duiker (S. grimmia)

Suborder Suina

Suidae

Babyrousa	Buru babirusa (B. babyrussa) North Sulawesi babirusa (B. celebensis) Togian babirusa (B. togeanensis)
Hylochoerus	Giant forest hog (H. meinertzhageni)
Phacochoerus	Desert warthog (P. aethiopicus) Common warthog (P. africanus)
Porcula	Pygmy hog (P. salvania)
Potamochoerus	Bushpig (P. larvatus) Red river hog (P. porcus)
Sus	Palawan bearded pig (S. ahoenobarbus) Bornean bearded pig (S. barbatus) Visayan warty pig (S. cebifrons) Celebes warty pig (S. celebensis) Domestic pig (S. domesticus) Flores warty pig (S. heureni) Oliver's warty pig (S. oliveri) Philippine warty pig (S. philippensis) Wild boar (S. scrofa) Timor warty pig (S. timoriensis) Javan warty pig (S. verrucosus)

Tayassuidae

Tayassu	White-lipped peccary (T. pecari)
Catagonus	Chacoan peccary (C. wagneri)
Dicotyles	Collared peccary (D. tajacu)

Suborder Tylopoda

Camelidae

Lama	Llama (L. glama) Guanaco (L. guanicoe) Alpaca (L. pacos) Vicuña (L. vicugna)
Camelus	Domestic Bactrian camel (C. bactrianus) Dromedary/Arabian camel (C. dromedarius) Wild Bactrian camel (C. ferus)