Calamian Tagbanwa language
Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines
| Calamian Tagbanwa | |
|---|---|
| ᝦᝲᝨᝪᝯ, Tinagbanwa[1] | |
| Native to | Philippines |
| Region | Calamian Islands |
| Ethnicity | Tagbanwa people |
Native speakers | 10,000 (2007)[2] |
Language family | Austronesian
|
Writing system | Tagbanwa alphabet |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tbk |
| Glottolog | cala1258 |
Calamian Tagbanwa is spoken in the Calamian Islands just north of Palawan Island, Philippines. It is not mutually intelligible with the other languages of the Tagbanwa people. Ethnologue reports that it is spoken in Busuanga, Coron, Culion, and Linapacan municipalities (Calamian and Linapacan island groups).
Dialects
Himes (2006)[3] considers there to be two distinct dialects.
- Karamiananen: spoken on Busuanga Island and Dipalengged Island. The speakers on Dipalengged Island refer to their language as Tagbanwa.
- Tagbanwa of Coron: spoken on Coron Island, and also in Baras, Palawan Island located just opposite of Dumaran Island.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
| Fricative | β | s | ɣ | |||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Rhotic | ɾ~r | |||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Open | a |
Grammar
Pronouns
The following set of pronouns are the pronouns found in the Calamian Tagbanwa language. Note: the direct/nominative case is divided between full and short forms.
| Direct/Nominative | Indirect/Genitive | Oblique | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular | yuu/yaku (aw) | u | yɨɨn/yakɨn |
| 2nd person singular | yawa (a) | mu | nuyu |
| 3rd person singular | tanya | na | anya |
| 1st person plural inclusive | ita | ta | yatɨn |
| 1st person plural exclusive | yami (ami) | yamɨn | yamɨn |
| 2nd person plural | yamu (amu) | mi | numyu |
| 3rd person plural | tanira | nira | nira |
References
- ^ "Tagbanwa, Calamian". Ethnologue.
- ^ Calamian Tagbanwa at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Himes, Ronald S. (2006). The Kalamian Microgroup of Philippine Languages (PDF). Paper presented at the Tenth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, 17–20 January 2006, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines.
- ^ a b Reid, Lawrence A. (1971). Philippine Minor Languages: Word Lists and Phonologies. University of Hawai'i Press. p. 42.
- ^ Ruch, J. Stephen; Quakenbush, Edward (2006). Pronoun Ordering and Marking in Kalamianic (PDF). Paper presented at the Tenth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, 17–20 January 2006, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
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| Cagayan Valley | |||||||
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| Meso-Cordilleran |
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| Sambalic | |
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Philippine
| Southern Mindoro | |||||||||||
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| Central Philippine |
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| Palawanic | |||||||||||
| Subanen | |||||||||||
| Danao | |||||||||||
| Manobo | |||||||||||
| Gorontalo–Mongondow |
- Agutaynen
- Calamian Tagbanwa
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| Manide–Alabat | |
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- † indicates extinct status
- ? indicates classification dispute
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