| Campbell Early | |
|---|---|
| Grape (Vitis) | |
 packaged berry clusters | |
| Color of berry skin | Noir |
| Species | Vitis × labruscana |
| Also called | Early Campbell, Campbell's Early, Island Belle, Boscoso |
| Origin | Delaware, Ohio |
| Pedigree parent 1 | Moore Early |
| Pedigree parent 2 | Black Muscat × Belvidere |
| Notable regions | Eastern U. S., South Korea, Japan |
| Hazards | fruit blight (Phomopsis), Pseudocercospora leaf spot |
| Breeder | George W. Campbell |
| Year of crossing | 1890 |
| Year of selection | 1892 |
| Formation of seeds | Complete |
| VIVC number | 2029 |
Campbell Early is a hybrid table grape cultivar (Vitis × labruscana). It is also known by several other names, including Boscoso, Island Belle, Campbell's Early, and Early Campbell. Its fruits are prized for their attractive appearance and sweetness. It is the main variety for the production of table grapes in South Korea, accounting for over 70 % in 2009.[1] In Japan, the berries are mainly used for juicing and wine.[2] It used to be a highly recommended standard variety for the New York market.[3]
History
[edit]The variety is a cross between Moore Early and a cross of Black Muscat and Belvidere. It was raised from seed by horticulturalist George W. Campbell (1817–1898) in Delaware, Ohio, in 1890. It was selected in 1892 and commercialized in 1894. It was enthusiastically received and spread rapidly. There exists a bud sport named Ishihara-wase, also known as "Large berry Campbell", whose tetraploidy results in larger berries.[4][5] Niabell and Early Niabell were bred from a cross with the Niagara variety,[4] Mars with a breeding cultivar of the University of Arkansas. Other descendants include Jinok, Kyoho, and Hongisul.
Description
[edit]The plant is considered relatively resistant to pathogens, although berry blight/fruit blight (Phomopsis) and Pseudocercospora/Isariopsis leaf spot may be an issue. It is adapted to both hot and humid climates as well as being very cold hardy. It suffers if certain soil conditions are not met.[6] The flowers are self fertile. The berries ripen early in rather compact, rather big bunches.[1] The berries are of good quality and medium to large in size.[3] Under unfavorable moisture conditions, they can be prone to cracking.[7] The relatively (for a labruscana) thin fruit skin is purplish-black in color with plenty of wax bloom on top. Some foxiness (the typical aroma of its V. labrusca parentage, the eponymous "fox grape") in the taste of the greenish, translucent, and juicy pulp vanishes once the berries are fully ripe.
External links
[edit]
- Hedrick, Ulysses Prentiss; Booth, Nathaniel Ogden (1908). The grapes of New York. Albany: J. B. Lyon. pp. 196 ff. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.6916.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Kim, Byeong-Sam; Yun, Bong-Ki; Jung, Seok-Kyu; Choi, Hyun-Sug (2016-02-01). "Growth, Fruit Quality, and Cracking of 'Campbell Early' Grapevine Grown under a Rain-shelter System in Sandy Loam Soils as Affected by Intervals and Amounts of Irrigation" (PDF). Horticultural Science and Technology. 34 (1): 15–23. doi:10.12972/kjhst.20160004. ISSN 1226-8763.
- ^ "特産果樹生産動態等調査 確報 平成22年産特産果樹生産動態等調査 年次 2010年 | ファイル | 統計データを探す".
- ^ a b Dorsey, Maxwell J. (March 1909). The Grape Districts of New York and Table of Varieties. Bulletin. Vol. 315. Geneva, New York: New York Agricultural Experiment Station. pp. 159 f.
- ^ a b Olmo, Harold P. (July 1980). "Selecting and breeding new grape varieties" (PDF). California Agriculture. 34 (7). Davis, California: University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources: 23 f. eISSN 2160-8091. ISSN 0008-0845.
- ^ Okamoto, Goro (2007). "Poor Berry Set in Tetraploid Grapes – Causes and Improvement of Vineyard Practices" (PDF). Journal of the American Society for Enology and Viticulture – Japan Chapter. 18 (2): 94–106.
- ^ Hall, Frank H. (December 1912). New York Grapes on New Roots. Bulletin. Vol. 355 (popular ed.). Geneva NY: New York Agricultural Experiment Station. pp. 6 f.
- ^ Kim, Byeong-Sam; Cho, Kyung-Chul; Choi, Hyun-Sug (2020-11-30). "Eco-physiological responses of 'Campbell Early' and 'Jinok' grape vines of two regions affected by different climatic conditions". Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology. 62 (2): 159–168. doi:10.1007/s13580-020-00308-9. ISSN 2211-3452.