Central Luzon languages

Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
Central Luzon
Geographic
distribution
Western parts of Central Luzon near Mount Pinatubo and the whole Pampanga province
Linguistic classificationAustronesian
  • Malayo-Polynesian
    • Philippine
      • Central Luzon
Proto-languageProto-Central Luzon
Subdivisions
  • Kapampangan
  • Sambalic
  • Sinauna
Glottologcent2080
Geographic extent of Central Luzon languages based on Ethnologue

The Central Luzon languages are a group of languages belonging to the Philippine languages. These are predominantly spoken in the western portions of Central Luzon in the Philippines. One of them, Kapampangan, is the major language of the Pampanga-Mount Pinatubo area. However, despite having three to four million speakers, it is threatened by the diaspora of its speakers after the June 1991 eruption of that volcano. Globalization also threatened the language, with the younger generation more on using and speaking Tagalog and English, but promotion and everyday usage boosted the vitality of Kapampangan.[1] Another Central Luzon language, Sambal or Sambali, experiences same situation, the speakers of the language are decreasing due to the globalization that many of the speakers of younger generation are shifting to Tagalog & Ilocano.

External relationships

Ronald Himes (2012)[2] and Lawrence Reid (2015)[3] suggest that the Northern Mindoro languages may group with the Central Luzon languages. Both branches share the phonological innovation Proto-Austronesian *R > /y/.

Internal classification

References

  1. ^ Banal, Ruston (7 September 2014). "Wear Kapampangan: T-shirt entrepreneurs seek to boost Pampanga's language". Inquirer. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  2. ^ Himes, Ronald S. 2012. “The Central Luzon Group of Languages”. Oceanic Linguistics 51 (2). University of Hawai'i Press: 490–537.
  3. ^ Reid, Lawrence. 2015. Re‐evaluating the position of Iraya among Philippine languages Archived 2016-04-24 at the Wayback Machine. Presentation at 13-ICAL, 18-23 July, 2015 at Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
  • v
  • t
  • e
Batanic (Bashiic)Northern Luzon
Cagayan Valley
Meso-Cordilleran
Central Cordilleran
Southern Cordilleran
Central Luzon
Sambalic
Northern MindoroGreater Central
Philippine
Southern Mindoro
Central Philippine
Tagalogic
Bikol
Bisayan
Mansakan
(unclassified)
  • Ata †
Palawanic
Subanen
Danao
Manobo
Gorontalo–Mongondow
KalamianBilicSangiricMinahasanOther branches
Manide–Alabat
Reconstructed
  • v
  • t
  • e
Rukaic
Tsouic
Northern
Atayalic
Northwest
Formosan
East
Kavalanic
Ami
Siraiyac
Southern ?
Philippine
(linkage) ?
Batanic (Bashiic)
Northern Luzon
Cagayan Valley
Meso-Cordilleran
Central Cordilleran
Southern Cordilleran
Central Luzon
Sambalic
Northern Mindoro
Greater Central
Philippine
Southern Mindoro
Central Philippine
Tagalogic
Bikol
Bisayan
Mansakan
(unclassified)
  • Ata †
Palawanic
Subanen
Danao
Manobo
Gorontalo–Mongondow
Kalamian
Bilic
Sangiric
Minahasan
Other branches
Manide–Alabat
Greater Barito *
Barito
Sama–Bajaw
Greater
North Borneo *
North Borneo *
Northeast Sabah *
Southwest Sabah *
Greater
Dusunic *
Bisaya–Lotud
Dusunic
Paitanic
Greater
Murutic *
Murutic
North Sarawak *
Central Sarawak
Kayanic
Land Dayak
Malayo–Chamic *
Aceh–Chamic
Iban–Malayan
Ibanic
Sundanese
Rejang ?
Moklenic ?
Sumatran *
Northwest Sumatra
–Barrier Islands
Batak
Lampungic
Javanese
Madurese
Bali–Sasak
–Sumbawa
Celebic
Bungku–Tolaki
Muna–Buton
Saluan–Banggai
Tomini–Tolitoli *
Kaili–Wolio *
Kaili–Pamona
Wotu–Wolio
South Sulawesi
Bugis
Makassar
Seko–Badaic *
Seko
Badaic
Northern
Massenrempulu
Pitu Ulunna Salu
Toraja
Isolates
Bima
Sumba–Flores
Sumba–Hawu
Savu
Sumba
Western Flores
Flores–Lembata
Lamaholot
Selaru
Kei–Tanimbar ?
Aru
Timoric *
Central Timor *
Wetar–Galoli ?
Kawaimina
Luangic–Kisaric ?
Rote–Meto
Babar
Southwest Maluku
Kowiai ?
Central Maluku *
West
East
Nunusaku
Piru Bay ?
SHWNG
Halmahera Sea
Ambel–Biga
Maya–Matbat
Maden
As
South Halmahera
Cenderawasih
Biakic
Yapen
Southwest
Oceanic
Admiralty
Eastern
Western
Saint Matthias
Temotu
Utupua
Vanikoro
Reefs–Santa Cruz
Southeast
Solomonic
Gela–Guadalcanal
Malaita–
San Cristobal
Western
Oceanic
Meso–
Melanesian
Willaumez
Bali-Vitu
New Ireland–
Northwest
Solomonic
Tungag–Nalik
Tabar
Madak
St. George
Northwest
Solomonic
North
New Guinea
Sarmi–
Jayapura ?
Schouten
Huon Gulf
Ngero–Vitiaz
Papuan Tip
Nuclear
Kilivila–Misima
Nimoa–Sudest
Southern
Oceanic
North
Vanuatu
Torres–Banks
Maewo–Ambae–
North Pentecost
South Pentecost
Espiritu Santo
Nuclear
Southern
Oceanic
Central
Vanuatu
Epi
Malakula
South Vanuatu
Erromango
Tanna
Loyalties–
New Caledonia
Loyalty Islands
New Caledonian
Southern
Northern
Micronesian
Nuclear
Micronesian
Chuukic–
Pohnpeic
Chuukic
Pohnpeic
Central
Pacific
West
East
Polynesian
Nuclear
Polynesian
Samoic
Eastern
Futunic
Tongic
  • * indicates proposed status
  • ? indicates classification dispute
  • † indicates extinct status
  • v
  • t
  • e
Official languages
Regional languages
Indigenous languages
(by region)
Bangsamoro
Bicol Region
Cagayan Valley
Calabarzon
Caraga
Central Luzon
Central Visayas
Cordillera
Davao Region
Eastern Visayas
Ilocos Region
Metro Manila
Mimaropa
Northern Mindanao
Soccsksargen
Western Visayas
Zamboanga Peninsula
Immigrant languages
Sign languages
Historical languages


Stub icon

This article about Philippine languages is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

  • v
  • t
  • e