Charles Douglas, 3rd Duke of Queensberry
Charles Douglas, 3rd Duke of Queensberry, 2nd Duke of Dover, PC (24 November 1698 – 22 October 1778[1]) was a Scottish nobleman, extensive landowner, Privy Counsellor and Vice Admiral of Scotland.
Life
Charles was born in Queensberry House in Edinburgh on 24 November 1698,[2] the younger son of James Douglas, 2nd Duke of Queensberry, 1st Duke of Dover, and his wife Mary Boyle, daughter of Charles Boyle, 3rd Viscount Dungarvan,[citation needed]
On 17 June 1706, while still a child, Charles was created in his own right Lord Douglas of Lockerbie, Dalveen and Thornhill, Viscount of Tiberris and Earl of Solway. In 1711, he succeeded his father as Duke of Queensberry, superseding his mentally ill older brother James Douglas. This happened because, in view of James being insane, the crown had granted a novodamus which excluded him from the succession to the Dukedom, but left James the Scottish Marquessate of the same name (Queensberry).[3] In any case, the insane James died in 1715, at which point the Duke inherited the Marquessate as well, becoming 4th Marquess of Queensberry.
In 1728, Queensberry (as he was now known) took up the cause of John Gay, a friend of his wife,[4] after Gay was refused a license for his opera Polly.He quarreled with George II and resigned his appointments in the same year.
In 1746, the Duke of Queensberry invested in the British Linen Company as one of the original proprietors, hoping to aid the development of the Scottish economy through the manufacturing of linen to be sold to the American colonies and Caribbean plantations.[5] In 1762, after the death of Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll, Queensberry became the Governor of the company until 1776.[6] The period was one of turmoil and restructuring, as the directors of the company decided to stop manufacturing linen from factories owned in the Highlands and turn to financing independent manufacturers to continue their trade. It was an important moment in the history of Scottish finance and the future of the company.
He was a founding governor of London's Foundling Hospital, created in 1739. He was appointed Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland in 1761 and was Lord Justice General from 1763 until his death in 1778. Queensberry was one of many who had lost heavily from the failure of the Douglas Heron and Co Bank in 1776.[6] As his sons predeceased him, leaving him without heirs, his English titles, including the dukedom of Dover, became extinct, but the Queensberry title passed to his cousin, William Douglas.[4]
Family
On 10 March 1720 he married Lady Catherine Hyde, a daughter of Henry Hyde, 4th Earl of Clarendon. They had two sons, who both predeceased him:[citation needed]
- Henry Douglas, Earl of Drumlanrig (1722–1754)
- Charles Douglas, Earl of Drumlanrig (1726–1756)
References
- ^ Sancho, Ignatius; Jekyll, Joseph (1782). Letters of the Late Ignatius Sancho, an African ...: To which are Prefixed, Memoirs of His Life ... J. Nichols.
- ^ Cassell's Old and New Edinburgh vol. III p.37
- ^ Lodge, Edmund (1842). The Genealogy of the Existing British Peerage: With Sketches of the Family Histories of the Nobility. Saunders. p. 399.
- ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Queensberry, Earls, Marquesses and Dukes of" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 731.
- ^ Durie, Alastair J. (1973). The Scottish Linen Industry 1707-1775 with particular reference to the early history of the British Linen Company. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh. p. 209.
- ^ a b Malcom, Charles (1950). The History of the British Linen Bank. Edinburgh. p. 201.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
External links
- Vian, Alsager Richard (1888). "Douglas, Charles" . In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 15. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 288–289.
Political offices | ||
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Preceded by | Vice Admiral of Scotland 1722–1729 | Succeeded by |
Preceded by | Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland 1761–1763 | Succeeded by |
Legal offices | ||
Preceded by | Lord Justice General 1763–1778 | Succeeded by |
Honorary titles | ||
Preceded by | Senior Privy Counsellor 1769–1778 | Succeeded by |
Peerage of Scotland | ||
Preceded by | Duke of Queensberry 1711–1778 | Succeeded by |
Preceded by | Marquess of Queensberry 1715–1778 | |
New creation | Earl of Solway 1706–1778 | Extinct |
Peerage of Great Britain | ||
Preceded by | Duke of Dover 1711–1778 | Extinct |
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Masters
- Anthony Sayer (1717–1718)
- George Payne (1718–1719)
- John Theophilus Desaguliers (1719–1720)
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- Duke of Montagu (1721–1723)
- Duke of Wharton (1723)
- Earl of Dalkeith (1723–1724)
- Duke of Richmond (1724)
- Lord Paisley (1724–1725)
- Earl of Inchiquin (1726–1727)
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- Duke of Norfolk (1730–1731)
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- Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1733–1734)
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- Duke of Manchester (1777–1782)
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- George, Prince of Wales (1792–1813)
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articles
- History of Freemasonry
- Antient Grand Lodge of England
- United Grand Lodge of England
- James Anderson's The Constitutions of the Free-Masons (1723)
- Freemasons' Tavern
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- Royal Society
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- Royal College of Physicians
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- Newtonianism
- English Enlightenment
- Order of the Bath
- Walpole ministries
- Whiggism (Kit-Cat Club)
- Gormogons
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- Foundling Hospital
- Unlawful Societies Act 1799
- James Anderson
- John Byrom
- William Stukeley
- William Jones
- Earl of Chesterfield
- Charles Delafaye
- Baron Carpenter
- William Billers
- Sir Thomas Prendergast, 2nd Baronet
- Brook Taylor
- Martin Folkes
- John Arbuthnot
- Charles Cox
- Earl Cornwallis
- Richard Cantillon
- John Machin
- William Rutty
- James Vernon
- John Senex
- James Thornhill
- Earl of Macclesfield
- John Browne
- James Jurin
- James Douglas
- Alexander Stuart
- Ephraim Chambers
- Richard Manningham
- Frank Nicholls
- Richard Rawlinson
- Charles Stanhope
- Lord James Cavendish
- Earl of Hopetoun
- William Richardson
- William Becket
- John Anstis
- Duke of Ancaster
- Charles Hayes
- Edmund Prideaux
- George Shelvocke
- John Woodward
- John Ward
- John Baptist Grano
- Baron King
- Jacques Leblon
- Adolphus Oughton
- Sir Robert Rich, 4th Baronet
- Viscount Cobham
- Francis Columbine
- Hugh Warburton
- Earl of Pembroke
- Viscount Townshend
- Martin Bladen
- Earl Waldegrave
- Duke of Kingston
- Earl of Burlington
- Earl of Essex
- Duke of Queensberry
- Earl of Deloraine
- Earl of Portmore
- Duke of Marlborough
- Baron Baltimore
- Duke of Atholl
- Marquess of Lothian
- Earl of Balcarres
- Earl of Winchilsea
- Sir Arthur Acheson, 5th Baronet
- Sir Robert Lawley, 4th Baronet
- Alexander Brodie
- William Hogarth
- Charles Labelye
- Walter Calverley-Blackett
- Frederick, Prince of Wales
- Thomas Wright
- Edward Gibbon
- Baron Hervey
- Thomas Dunckerley
- William Preston
- Marquess of Hastings
- James Moore Smythe
- Robert Boyle-Walsingham
- Sir Robert de Cornwall
- Batty Langley
- Thomas Arne
- John Soane
- Joseph Banks
- Johan Zoffany
- John Coustos
- Hipólito da Costa
- Meyer Löw Schomberg
- Joseph Salvador
- Sampson Eardley
- Moses Mendez
- Meyer Solomon
- Moses Montefiore
- Nathan Mayer Rothschild
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