Chlorothiazide

Legal statusLegal status Pharmacokinetic dataBioavailabilitylowMetabolismNilElimination half-life45 to 120 minutesExcretionRenalIdentifiersCAS NumberPubChem CIDIUPHAR/BPSDrugBankChemSpiderUNIIKEGGChEBIChEMBLCompTox Dashboard (EPA)ECHA InfoCard100.000.368 Chemical and physical dataFormulaC₇H₆ClN₃O₄S₂Molar mass295.71 g·mol⁻¹3D model (JSmol)  (verify)

Chlorothiazide

Names
Other names 6-Chloro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide-1,1-dioxide
Identifiers
CAS Number	58-94-6
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:3640 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL842 Y
ChemSpider	2619 Y
DrugBank	DB00880 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.368
KEGG	D00519 Y
PubChem CID	2720
UNII	77W477J15H Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0022800
InChI InChI=1S/C7H6ClN3O4S2/c8-4-1-5-7(2-6(4)16(9,12)13)17(14,15)11-3-10-5/h1-3H,(H,10,11)(H2,9,12,13) Y Key: JBMKAUGHUNFTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
SMILES O=S(=O)(c1c(Cl)cc2c(c1)S(=O)(=O)/N=C\N2)N
Properties
Melting point	342.5–343 °C (648.5–649.4 °F; 615.6–616.1 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Chlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Diuril among others, is an organic compound used as a diuretic and as an antihypertensive.^[1][2]

It is used both within the hospital setting or for personal use to manage excess fluid associated with congestive heart failure. Most often taken in pill form, it is usually taken orally once or twice a day. In the ICU setting, chlorothiazide is given to diurese a patient in addition to furosemide (Lasix). Working in a separate mechanism from furosemide and absorbed enterically as a reconstituted suspension administered through a nasogastric tube (NG tube), the two drugs potentiate one another.

It was patented in 1956 and approved for medical use in 1958.^[3] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.^[4]

Indications

• Large amount of excess fluid including:
  • Heart failure
  • Peripheral edema
  • Hypertension

Contraindications

• Anuria^[5]
• Allergies to sulfa drugs^[5]

Side effects

• Nausea / Vomiting
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Excess urine production
• Dehydration
• Hypoelectrolytemia (esp. hypokalemia / hypomagnesia)

History

The research team of Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories of Beyer, Sprague, Baer, and Novello created a new series of medications, the thiazide diuretics, which includes chlorothiazide. They won an Albert Lasker Special Award in 1975 for this work.^[6]

The structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography.^[7]

See also

• Hydrochlorothiazide

References