Chorale cantata
A chorale cantata is a church cantata based on a chorale—in this context a Lutheran chorale. It is principally from the German Baroque era. The organizing principle is the words and music of a Lutheran hymn. Usually a chorale cantata includes multiple movements or parts. Most chorale cantatas were written between approximately 1650 and 1750. By far the most famous are by Johann Sebastian Bach, especially the cantatas composed in his second annual cycle of cantatas, started in Leipzig in 1724.
Description
The chorale cantata developed out of the chorale concerto, an earlier form much used by Samuel Scheidt in the early 17th century, which incorporated elements of the Venetian School, such as the concertato style, into the liturgical music of the Protestant Reformation. Later the chorale cantata developed into three general forms:
- a form in which each verse (strophe) of the chorale was developed as an independent movement;
- a form in which the chorale appeared in some of the movements, perhaps only two, while the other parts of the cantata used other texts; and
- the version pioneered by J. S. Bach, in which the first and last movements use the first and last strophes of the chorale, but the inner movements—perhaps aria and recitative—use paraphrases of the chorale text. Typically the beginning and ending movements use all the instrumental and vocal forces, while the interior movements are for smaller groups.
Most compositions in this genre were never published. It was common at the time for composers to write for local performances; often the composer and the music director at a church were the same person, and the music was written, copied and performed in short order, remaining in manuscript. Some 95% of all compositions of this type have been lost.
Composers
Composers of chorale cantatas include:
Baroque
- Samuel Scheidt
- Johann Andreas Herbst
- Johann Erasmus Kindermann
- Franz Tunder
- Nicolaus Bruhns
- Dieterich Buxtehude
- Johann Krieger
- Sebastian Knüpfer
- Johann Schelle
- Johann Pachelbel, e.g. his sacred concerto Christ lag in Todesbanden, P 60, with one movement for each of the "Christ lag in Todesbanden" hymn's seven stanzas.[1][2][3]
- Johann Rosenmüller
- Johannes Crüger
- Joachim Gerstenbüttel
- Georg Bronner
- Christoph Graupner
- Johann Kuhnau
- Georg Philipp Telemann
- Johann Sebastian Bach
Post-Baroque
- Felix Mendelssohn (Verleih uns Frieden, Vom Himmel hoch)
- Arnold Mendelssohn
- Max Reger
References
- ^ Perreault, Jean M. (2004). "60 Christ lag in Todesbanden". In Fitch, Donna K. (ed.). The Thematic Catalogue of the Musical Works of Johann Pachelbel. Wolff, Christoph (Foreword). Scarecrow Press. pp. 54–56. ISBN 0810849704.
- ^ Christ lag in Todesbanden (Johann Pachelbel) in the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
- ^ Cantate voor soli en orkest, "Christ lag in Todesbanden", Johann Pachelbel (1653-1706) at Muziekweb website
- Articles "Chorale cantata", "Chorale settings", in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. ISBN 1-56159-174-2
- Manfred Bukofzer, Music in the Baroque Era. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1947. ISBN 0-393-09745-5
- v
- t
- e
- Christian Worship (1993)
- Common Service Book (1917)
- Evangelical Lutheran Hymn-Book (1912)
- Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary (1996)
- Evangelical Lutheran Worship (2006)
- Lutheran Book of Worship (1978)
- The Lutheran Hymnal (1941)
- Lutheran Hymnal with Supplement (1989)
- Lutheran Service Book (2006)
- Lutheran Worship (1982)
- ReClaim Hymnal (2006)
- Service Book and Hymnal (1958)
- First Lutheran hymnal (1524)
- Erfurt Enchiridion (1524)
- Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn (1524)
- Praxis pietatis melica (1640/47)
- Becker Psalter (1602)
- Evangelisches Gesangbuch (1993)
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and
hymnologists
- Mikael Agricola
- Johann Georg Albinus
- Albert von Brandenburg
- Michael Altenburg
- Anna Sophia II
- Johann Sebastian Bach
- Emilie Juliane of Barby-Mühlingen
- Martin Behm
- Sigmund von Birken
- Carl Boberg
- Birgitte Cathrine Boye
- Hans Adolph Brorson
- Johan Nordahl Brun
- Joachim a Burck
- Dieterich Buxtehude
- Christian Cappelen
- Elisabeth Cruciger
- Johann Crüger
- Simon Dach
- Wolfgang Dachstein
- Nikolaus Decius
- Paul Eber
- Ludmilla Elisabeth
- Princess Eugénie
- Jacobus Finno
- Paul Fleming
- Johann Franck
- Michael Franck
- Melchior Franck
- Salomon Franck
- Frans Michael Franzén
- Erik Gustaf Geijer
- Paul Gerhardt
- Bartholomäus Gesius
- Johannes Gigas
- N. F. S. Grundtvig
- Britt G. Hallqvist
- Andreas Hammerschmidt
- Claus Harms
- Fredrik Gabriel Hedberg
- Christian Fürchtegott Gellert
- Johann Heermann
- Ludwig Helmbold
- Valerius Herberger
- Nikolaus Herman
- Johannes Hermann
- Sebald Heyden
- Anders Hovden
- Konrad Hubert
- Bernhard Severin Ingemann
- Justus Jonas
- Sigfrid Karg-Elert
- Christian Keymann
- Balthasar Kindermann
- Thomas Kingo
- Børre Knudsen
- Johann Kolross
- Johann Balthasar König
- Julius Krohn
- Magnus Brostrup Landstad
- Ludvig Mathias Lindeman
- Elias Lönnrot
- Matthäus Apelles von Löwenstern
- Matthias Loy
- Sigurd Lunde
- Martin Luther
- Wilhelmi Malmivaara
- Hemminki of Masku
- Felix Mendelssohn
- Johann Matthäus Meyfart
- Georg Neumark
- Erdmann Neumeister
- Philipp Nicolai
- Johann Pachelbel
- Hallgrímur Pétursson
- Michael Praetorius
- Christian Heinrich Postel
- Adam Reusner
- Bartholomäus Ringwaldt
- Martin Rinkart
- Johann Rist
- Christian Knorr von Rosenroth
- Daniel Rumpius
- Johan Runeberg
- Gottfried Wilhelm Sacer
- Lina Sandell
- Carl Schalk
- Martin Schalling
- Heinrich Scheidemann
- Johann Hermann Schein
- Benjamin Schmolck
- Cyriakus Schneegass
- Johann Schop
- Johann Balthasar Schupp
- Heinrich Schütz
- Nikolaus Selnecker
- Eyvind Skeie
- Haquin Spegel
- Lazarus Spengler
- Paul Speratus
- Philipp Spitta
- Paul Stockmann
- Jesper Swedberg
- Jiří Třanovský
- Melchior Teschner
- N. Samuel of Tranquebar
- Zachris Topelius
- Leonard Typpö
- Jaroslav Vajda
- Gottfried Vopelius
- Philipp Wackernagel
- Johan Olof Wallin
- Johann Walter
- Michael Weiße
- Georg Weissel
- Olle Widestrand
- Carl David af Wirsén
- Catherine Winkworth
- Johannes Zahn