Citizens' Movement for Democratic Action
- Politics of Poland
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The Citizens' Movement for Democratic Action (Ruch Obywatelski Akcja Demokratyczna, ROAD) was a liberal political party in Poland. The party was centrist on economic issues and conservative to moderate-conservative on social issues. In early 1990, an open conflict erupted between the conservative and centrist wings within the Citizens' Parliamentary Party (Obywatelski Klub Parlamentarny) formed by Sejm members from the ranks of the oppositional, trade-unionist Solidarity Citizens' Committee (Komitet Obywatelski Solidarność); Lech Wałęsa dubbed this conflict, which he actively fomented, the "war at the top" (wojna na górze).
On 12 May 1990, the conservative faction led by Jarosław Kaczyński formed a new party of their own, the Centre Agreement (Porozumienie Centrum, PC), which was going to support Wałęsa in the upcoming presidential election.
In response to this, the centrist and Christian democratic faction, which favoured Christian democrat Tadeusz Mazowiecki as president, decided to establish the Citizens Movement 'Democratic Action'. Formed in July 1990, this was a regular, structured party rather than a loosely knit movement as its name suggests. ROAD's founders include Zbigniew Bujak, Władysław Frasyniuk, Jacek Kuroń, and Adam Michnik, that are considered as moderate social democrats.
A smaller, more conservative faction around Aleksander Hall had split from Solidarity's parliamentary party a few weeks earlier, calling themselves Forum of the Democratic Right (Forum Prawicy Demokratycznej, FPD). In the presidential election in November–December 1990, both ROAD and FPD supported Mazowiecki, who suffered a surprisingly clear defeat, receiving only 18% in the first ballot.
In May 1991, following intense arguments within the party, ROAD merged with the FPD and other pro-Mazowiecki groups to form the Democratic Union (Unia Demokratyczna, UD) with Mazowiecki at the helm. However, many ROAD members refused to back this decision; most notably co-founder Zbigniew Bujak, who proposed to take a more social-democratic direction and formed the Democrat-Social Movement (Ruch Demokratyczno-Społeczny, RDS) instead.
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the Sejm
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- Independent (2)*
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- Independent (1)***
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the Senate
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- The Left (9)
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European Parliament
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- Civic Platform (14)
- The Greens (1)
- The Left (4)
- New Left (4)
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and
political movements
- Polish Coalition
- Alliance of Democrats
- Silesians Together
- Agreement (political party)
- Confederation
- All-Polish Youth*
- National League
- Party of Drivers
- Union of Christian Families
- United Beyond Boundaries
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- Civic Initiative
- Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic
- Common Powiat
- Edward Gierek's Economic Revival Movement
- Falanga
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- Kashubian Association
- Labour Party
- League of Polish Families
- National Party of Retirees and Pensioners
- National Radical Camp (1993)*
- National Revival of Poland
- New Democracy - Yes
- Nonpartisan Local Government Activists
- Organisation of the Polish Nation - Polish League
- Peasants' Party
- Piast Faction
- Polish Left
- Polish Pirate Party
- Polish Party of Animal Protection
- Polish Communist Party
- Real Politics Union
- Right Wing of the Republic
- Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland
- Self-Defence Rebirth
- Silesian Autonomy Movement*
- Silesian Regional Party*
- Silesian Separatist Movement*
- Socialist Alternative
- Solidarity*
- Slavic Union
- There is One Poland
- Workers' Democracy
- Freedomers
- German Minority****
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |
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Pre-war and inter-war eras |
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Communist era |
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*: Zbigniew Ajchler
**: Piotr Adamowicz et al.,
***: Marek Biernacki
****: not currently registered as a party
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