Cliffe Castle Museum

Cliffe Castle Museum

Cliffe Castle Museum, Keighley
Established	c. 1892 as Keighley Museum at Eastwood House, Keighley. Reopened in 1959 at the former Cliffe Hall as Cliffe Castle Museum.
Location	Spring Gardens Lane, Keighley, West Yorkshire, England BD20 6LH
Type	Heritage centre, Historic house museum.
Visitors	65,000 (2010)
Public transit access	Keighley railway station; bus information from Bradford Interchange
Website	www.bradfordmuseums.org

Cliffe Castle Museum, Keighley, West Yorkshire, England, is a local heritage museum which opened in the grand, Victorian, neo-Gothic Cliffe Castle in 1959. Originating as Cliffe Hall in 1828, the museum is the successor to Keighley Museum which opened in Eastwood House, Keighley, in c. 1892. There is a series of galleries dedicated to various aspects of local heritage, and to displaying the house itself, which is a Grade II listed building.^[1] Entrance to the museum is free of charge.

History

It is believed that Keighley Museum was established in 1893, because that is when its first location, Eastwood House, Keighley, was purchased for the public.^[2] In 1950 the local benefactor Sir Bracewell Smith purchased Cliffe Castle, and had it redesigned as a museum and art gallery for the people of Keighley.^[3] The museum re-opened as Cliffe Castle Museum and Art Gallery in 1959.^[4]

The building

Cliffe Hall was built by Christopher Netherwood between 1828 and 1833, and designed by George Webster of Kendal, a gothic revivalist. The Butterfields, a textile manufacturing family, bought Cliffe Hall in 1848. Henry Isaac Butterfield transformed the building by adding towers, a ballroom and conservatories from 1875 to 1880, and renamed it Cliffe Castle in 1878. He decorated the building with the griffin motif, which he had adopted as a heraldic crest.^[5] Sir Nicholas Pevsner describes the building as having an asymmetrically placed tower and Jacobean shaped gables.^[6][7]

By 1887, the Cliffe Castle Estate had around 300 acres.^[5][7] The son of Henry Isaac Butterfield (1819–1910) was Sir Frederick William Louis Butterfield (1858–1943). In 1916, Sir Frederick became Mayor of Keighley and held that title until 1918 when he hosted a visit to the town by King George V and Queen Mary on 29 May of that year. Sir Frederick's daughter, Marie-Louise Roosevelt Butterfield (1889–1984), married in 1918 and later became Marie-Louise Roosevelt Pierrepont, Countess Manvers.^[8] Sir Frederick died in 1943 and on 21 July of that year his daughter Marie-Louise, Countess Manvers inherited the Cliffe Castle Estate and took some of the contents of Cliffe Castle to her home at Thoresby Hall.^[5][9][7]

In 1949, the building and grounds were bought by Keighley Corporation with the assistance of Sir Bracewell Smith, a local benefactor, who in 1955, paid for the conversion of the house for public use. The house had been gabled in the neo-gothic style, with tall towers each end, and conservatories. In the interests of modernisation, the back tower was taken down, and the front one shortened. The high Flemish gables and other decorations were removed from the roof, and the conservatories demolished. The service rooms were replaced by the octagonal art gallery in the 1950s. The exterior fantasy design was lost but some of the neo-gothic interior has been recreated. By 1989, Thoresby Hall, the former home of the late Countess Manvers, and its contents, had been sold off. Various artefacts were brought back to Cliffe Castle from where they came with the help of a public appeal. Some items were borrowed and are also displayed in the museum.^[5][7]

• 
  Cliffe Hall, later Cliffe Castle, circa 1880
• 
  Victorian Gothic Revival gateway arch and pedestrian entrance to the park in which the museum is located.
• 
  Victorian cast iron lamp post base, in front of the museum.
• 
  Cliffe Castle Museum, side view.
• 
  Victorian cast iron lamp post in front of the museum.
• 
  Weather-sculpted moorland stones at entrance to grounds of the museum.
• 
  Weather-sculpted moorland stones at entrance to grounds of the museum.

The galleries and rooms

Entrance vestibule

The vestibule and staircase show the Victorian eclectic Gothic Revivalist taste. The hammer-beam roof over the staircase imitates the 15th century, the staircase window the 14th century, and the vestibule arches the 13th century.^[5]

The window was designed by Powells of Leeds. The top roundel features a copy of Raphael's Madonna and Child. All ten main lights of the window once contained Victorian figures in Tudor costume, but most of these were removed by Frederick Butterfield, to be replaced with clear lights or small roundels.^[5]

• 
  Victorian Gothic Revival vestibule with faux-marbled pillars, staircase and stained glass window.
• 
  Monumental conical pendulum clock by Eugène Farcot, sculpture by Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse. Purchased at the 1878 Paris world fair, in vestibule.
• 
  First floor landing view of stained-glass window with chandelier above staircase. View at max resolution to see Madonna and Child in top roundel.
• 
  1875–1880 neo-Gothic stained glass window above staircase, featuring portraits of Butterfield family in 16th century costume.
• 
  1875–1880 stained glass window over staircase, featuring Butterfield family in 16th century costume.
• 
  Victorian Gothic Revival hammer beam roof in 15th century style.
• 
  Main Staircase.

Reception rooms

• 
  Victorian marble facsimile statuette of Canova's 1787 Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss.
• 
  Victorian drawing room display of furniture and fittings, in Reception Rooms.
• 
  Reception Rooms
• 
  Reception Rooms

Great Drawing Room

In the vestibule and reception rooms are life-size portraits of Napoleon III and Empress Eugenie.

• 
  Victorian painted plaster ceiling (closeup), Great Drawing Room.
• 
  Victorian painted plaster ceiling in Great Drawing Room.
• 
  Cliffe Castle Great Drawing Room

Working Landscapes gallery

This gallery displays local crafts and trades of the past. There is a video of clog-making which continued into the 20th century.^[3]

• 
  Victorian agricultural tools
• 
  Victorian carved sandstone lintel from Keighley area.
• 
  Victorian carved sandstone lintel featuring a boar's head and oak leaves as a heraldic crest, from Keighley area.
• 
  Victorian hand-loom, in Timmy Feather's (d.1910) Workshop.
• 
  Victorian pipe-worker's workbench.

Airedale gallery

The display shows how the River Aire was formed, and shows fossils of its earliest animals.^[3]

• 
  Fossil amphibians display.
• 
  Educational fossil display.
• 
  Model of pholiderpeton, a huge prehistoric amphibian.

Archaeology Area gallery

Besides the exhibits shown below, this display features the Silsden Roman treasure.^[3]

• 
  Revolving querns display. Possibly some are from Ilkley Museum's lost early collection.^[10]
• 
  Neolithic cup and ring engraving on rock from Rombalds Moor.

Natural history gallery

This was once the Butterfields' ballroom. It is now full of mounted animals and birds. There is a family of tawny owls and a birdsong display.^[3] The mounted emu given by Ilkley Museum in 1928 is no longer evident, but there are many other examples of the taxidermist's craft.

Molecules to Minerals gallery

Thisdisplay was created in 1988,^[11] and incorporates collections from several museums in the Bradford area.^[2] It includes the Ellison Collection, given by Ilkley Museum in 1928.^[12] Very few of the collections are named in the display.

Some of the specimens are from the Hinchcliffe Collection. This comprises 800 specimens from the Gem Rock Museum at Heaton, Bradford, bought with grants and public subscription from George Hinchcliffe in 1984. The display explains how minerals are different from rocks, and has sections about: mineral colour; streak; hardness; magnetism; fluorescence; fracture; chemical classification; crystal shape, crystallisation, chemistry and occurrence.^[11]

There are over a thousand specimens here, including a display of glowing rocks.

• 
  Minerals display: close-up.
• 
  Minerals display, including coloured agates.
• 
  Mineral collection labelled by Joseph Dawson in 1810.
• 
  Extensive and brightly coloured minerals display.

Sir Bracewell Smith Hall

This space was created in the 1950s when the castle was converted to a museum.

It was restored to its original colour scheme in 2013, and the Octagonal lantern returned to its former position in the hall. The octagonal lantern was specifically designed for the space by Sir Albert Richardson in the 1950s, who was the architect who led the conversion of the building. It is sometimes incorrectly referenced as a 19th-century Chinese lantern.

The colour scheme and gilding was restored on the basis of paint scrapings, confirmed by a painting of the hall design done by Sir Albert Richardson, which can be seen within the space itself.

Prior to refurbishment, the space was used to host temporary exhibitions, it now displays a permanent selection of items that have been selected from the museum collections.^[13]

The Egyptians gallery

The display includes a mummy of an Egyptian girl dating from the Ptolemaic dynasty (c. 250 BCE), and covers the Ancient Egyptian belief in the afterlife.

• 
  Ancient Egyptian mask from mummy, side view.
• 
  Ancient Egyptian artefacts display.
• 
  Ancient Egyptian mask from mummy, front view.

Breakfast Room

This downstairs room acts as an accessible space for themes covered upstairs.^[3]

Conservatory

This room contains a small selection of larger exhibits and is often used as a teaching or activity room. Exhibits in the conservatory include a marble statue of the Virgin Mary and Child, that originally belonged to Henry Isaac Butterfield and was returned to the Castle by St Annes Church, Keighley. Recent additions include the a wooden First World War memorial plaque from the Temple Street Methodist Church Keighley which accompanied the Morris memorial windows that are now installed in the Stained Glass gallery.^[14]

Stained Glass gallery

This gallery contains some of the earliest William Morris stained glass in the country.^[3]

• 
  Neo-Gothic 19th century or earlier copy of Albrecht Altdorfer painted glass window featuring Adam and Eve. From West Riddlesden Hall, Riddlesden.
• 
  Detail of Dante as mourner from 1876 Crucifixion window by Edward Burne-Jones for Wm Morris. From St James Church, Brighouse. Possibly in homage to Doré who was in England in the 1870s.
• 
  Detail from stained glass war memorial window designed 1921 by John Henry Dearle for William Morris. From Temple Street Methodist Chapel, Bradford area.
• 
  Detail from window illustrating Death of Sir Tristram, designed by Ford Madox Brown (1821–93) for William Morris. From building in Bradford area.
• 
  Detail of St John in window designed by Edward Coley Burne-Jones in 1874 for William Morris. From St James Church, Brighouse, near Bradford.
• 
  Detail of figure looking down from Crucifixion window by Edward Burne-Jones 1876 for William Morris. From St James Church, Brighouse, nr Bradford.

Keighley Stories gallery

This gallery aims to tell the story of Keighley. It includes the Keighley Hen Pecked Club's peace box. This is an adult-sized wooden rocking cradle, supposedly for soothing nagging wives instead of babies. It had humorous rules and was displayed in galas, but it is not known whether it was used. The club used to meet at the Royal Hotel, Damside, and was started by Henry Hargreaves Thompson, who was landlord in 1861. The pub became the Royal Oak in 1998.^[15]

• 
  Henpeck'd Club's peace box No.6: an adult-sized 19th century cradle – for soothing an unreasonable wife – from a Bradford public house men's club.^[15]
• 
  Hippopotamus amphibius skull, thought to have been given to Keighley Museum by Ilkley Museum (now the Manor House Museum) in 1928, due to lack of space.

Bees gallery

• 
  Working beehive (having recently passed a health check) with glass viewing panel.

Costume Gallery

• 
  Display of four Victorian dresses.
• 
  Display of 1920s–1950s costume (with one 1880s costume on the right).
• 
  1890s velvet and satin dress with leg of mutton sleeves.
• 
  1884 evening gown, worn by the Clapham family, Keighley.

This space hosts a changing selection of costume exhibits from the museum's collections

Mansion to Museum gallery

This gallery, round the top of the octagonal Sir Bracewell Smith Hall, shows the development of the building from a Victorian private house to a contemporary museum. The "Chinese Chandelier", which held the wooden harpies pictured below, once hung in Cliffe Castle.^[16] The chandelier has since been restored (with the harpies) and rehung in the Bracewell Smith Hall. It was designed for the space in the 1950s, although often described as 19th century.

• 
  Carved wooden harpies from Chandelier (often described incorrectly as Chinese).
• 
  18th century oval vertical sundial from demolished building.
• 
  18th century oval vertical sundial from demolished building, side view.
• 
  Carved wooden harpy from the chandlier that hung in Cliffe. The chandelier (often incorrectly described as 19th Century Chinese) has since been restored and rehung in the Bracewell Smith Hall.

Local Pottery gallery

The displays here are placed in recognition of a past local skill, and a trade which was significant in the Keighley area. An alternative tradition to this local industrial tradition was that inspired by Japanese and British Arts & Crafts precedents.

• 
  Victorian pottery made in the Keighley area, including slip trail pottery.
• 
  Display of UK military cap badges, in first floor corridor. View full resolution to read labels.

Other aspects of the museum

• The Friends of Cliffe Castle is the society which has researched and supported much of the restoration and improvement to the museum which has taken place in recent years. A leaflet about the society is available at the museum.^[17]
• Education programme: School workshops and trails can be booked for Key Stages 1–3, and occasionally for adult and SEN groups.^[18]

See also

• History of architecture
• Listed buildings in Keighley
• List of works by George Webster

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cliffe Castle Museum.