Cochliomyia hominivorax
Species of fly
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| Cochliomyia hominivorax | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Calliphoridae |
| Genus: | Cochliomyia |
| Species: | C. hominivorax |
| Binomial name | |
| Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858) | |
Cochliomyia hominivorax, the New World screw-worm fly, or simply screw-worm, is a species of parasitic fly that is well known for the way in which its larvae (maggots) eat the living tissue of warm-blooded animals. It is present in the New World tropics. There are five species of Cochliomyia but only one species of screw-worm fly in the genus is parasitic; there is also a single Old World species in a different genus (Chrysomya bezziana). Infestation of a live vertebrate animal by a maggot is technically called myiasis. While the maggots of many fly species eat dead flesh, and may occasionally infest an old and putrid wound, screw-worm maggots are unusual because they attack healthy tissue.
Life cycle
Screw-worm females lay 250–500 eggs in the exposed flesh of warm-blooded animals, including humans, such as in wounds and the navels of newborn animals. The larvae hatch and burrow into the surrounding tissue as they feed. Should the wound be disturbed during this time, the larvae burrow or "screw" deeper into the flesh, hence the larva's common name. The maggots are capable of causing severe tissue damage or even death to the host. About three to seven days after hatching, the larvae fall to the ground to pupate. The pupae reach the adult stage about seven days later. Female screw-worm flies mate four to five days after hatching. The entire lifecycle is around 20 days. A female can lay up to 3,000 eggs and fly up to 200 km (120 mi) during her life.
Control
The United States officially eradicated the screw-worm in 1982 using the sterile insect technique, although an isolated outbreak occurred in Monroe County, Florida in autumn of 2016.[1] The Floridian government instituted control measures including mandatory inspections of all animals leaving the area; the outbreak was declared as neutralized in March 2017.[2] The screw-worm was eradicated in Guatemala and Belize in 1994, El Salvador in 1995, and Honduras in 1996. Campaigns against the flies continue in Mexico, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and Jamaica with financial assistance from the United States Department of Agriculture, which is trying to push the parasite south of the narrow Isthmus of Panama.
Etymology
From the Greek kochlias (snail with a spiral shell) + myia (fly) and the Latin hominis (man) + vorax (consuming), Cochliomyia hominivorax, or the New World screw-worm fly (formerly Callitroga (Greek kallos, (beautiful), + trogein, (to gnaw), Americana), was first described by French entomologist Charles Coquerel in 1858.[3]
References
- ^ "Deadly fly larvae infests federally endangered Key deer population, more than 40 are euthanized". FLKeysNews.com. 2016-10-03. Retrieved 2016-10-03.
- ^ Cima, Greg (2017-04-26). "Screwworm again eradicated in Florida". American Medical Veterinary Association. Retrieved 2024-02-20.
- ^ Henry, Ronnie (February 2019). "Etymologia: Cochliomyia hominivorax". Emerg Infect Dis. 25 (2): 389–390. doi:10.3201/eid2502.et2502. PMC 6346460. PMID 30666944.
citing public domain text from the CDC
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cochliomyia hominivorax.
Further reading
- John Curran, Veterinary Officer, Broome (2002). "Screw-Worm Fly" (PDF). Government of Western Australia: Department of Agriculture Farmnotes. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 1, 2006. Retrieved May 6, 2006.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - California Department of Food and Agriculture Animal Health Branch (January 2000). "Fact Sheet: Screwworm" (PDF). Retrieved Mar 4, 2012.
- James, Maurice T. (1947) The Flies That Cause Myiasis in Man. USDA Miscellaneous Publication No. 631.
External links
- Species Profile - Screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax), National Invasive Species Information Center, United States National Agricultural Library.
- Invasive Species Compendium, CAB International
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Arthropods and ectoparasite-borne diseases and infestations
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- For ticks and mites, see Template:Tick-borne diseases and infestations
