Coleopterida

Superorder of insects

Coleopterida Temporal range: Permian–Present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Dytiscus latissimus (Coleoptera), Caenocholax fenyesi (Strepsiptera) and Stephanastus polinae (Skleroptera)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
(unranked):	Holometabola
Clade:	Aparaglossata
Clade:	Neuropteroidea
Clade:	Coleopterida
Orders
Coleoptera Strepsiptera †Skleroptera (Stephanastus) (disputed)^[1]^[2]

Coleopterida is a superorder of insects consisting of the orders Coleoptera and Strepsiptera. It is established as the sister group of Neuropterida based on phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data. The grouping is also supported by morphological data.^[3] The Coleopterida are estimated to have first appeared during the Carboniferous period, but the earliest confirmed fossils of the group date to the Permian.^[4] The Carboniferous insect species Stephanastus polinae has been interpreted by some authors as the sister group of Coleoptera and Strepsiptera (as its own extinct order, Skleroptera), but this interpretation has been disputed and it has been alternatively suggested to be a member of the extinct order Protelytroptera (a stem group of the modern Dermaptera, the earwigs).^[4]^[1]^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b Rolf G. Beutel; Evgeny V. Yan; Jarmila Kukalová-Peck (2019). "Is †Skleroptera (†Stephanastus) an order in the stemgroup of Coleopterida (Insecta)?". Insect Systematics & Evolution. 50 (5): 670–678. doi:10.1163/1876312X-00002187. S2CID 90936851.
^ ^a ^b Alexander G. Kirejtshuk; Andre Nel (2019). "Reply to the Paper "Beutel et al. 2018. Is †Skleroptera (†Stephanastus) an order in the stemgroup of Coleopterida (Insecta)?"". Insect Systematics & Evolution. 51 (3): 375–383. doi:10.1163/1876312X-00002206. S2CID 202027899.
^ Beutel, Rolf G.; Pohl, Hans; Yan, Evgeny V.; Anton, Eric; Liu, Si-Pei; Ślipiński, Adam; McKenna, Duane; Friedrich, Frank (January 2019). "The phylogeny of Coleopterida (Hexapoda) - morphological characters and molecular phylogenies: Phylogeny of Coleopterida". Systematic Entomology. 44 (1): 75–102. doi:10.1111/syen.12316. S2CID 92390950.
^ ^a ^b Beutel, R.G.; Xu, C.; Jarzembowski, E.; Kundrata, R.; Boudinot, B.E.; McKenna, D.D.; Goczał, J. (2024). "The evolutionary history of Coleoptera (Insecta) in the late Palaeozoic and the Mesozoic". Systematic Entomology. Early View: 1–34. doi:10.1111/syen.12623.

Insect orders

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
(unranked): Pancrustacea
Subphylum: Hexapoda

Extant

Monocondylia	Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails)

D
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Zygentoma (silverfish, firebrats)

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Palaeoptera

Ephemeropteroidea	Ephemeroptera (mayflies)
Odonatoptera	Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies)

N
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Polyneoptera

Plecoptera (stoneflies) Dermaptera (earwigs) Embioptera (webspinners) Phasmatodea (stick and leaf insects) Orthoptera (crickets, wetas, grasshoppers, locusts) Zoraptera (angel insects)
Notoptera (Xenonomia)	Grylloblattodea (ice-crawlers) Mantophasmatodea (gladiators)
Dictyoptera	Blattodea (cockroaches, termites) Mantodea (mantises)

E
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Paraneoptera *	Psocodea (barklice, lice) Thysanoptera (thrips) Hemiptera (cicadas, aphids, true bugs)

H
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Hymenoptera (sawflies, wasps, ants, bees)

Neuropteroidea

Coleopterida	Strepsiptera (twisted-winged parasites) Coleoptera (beetles)
Neuropterida	Raphidioptera (snakeflies) Megaloptera (alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies) Neuroptera (net-winged insects: lacewings, mantidflies, antlions)

Panorpida
(Mecopterida)

Antliophora	Mecoptera (scorpionflies) + Siphonaptera (fleas) Diptera (gnats, mosquitoes, flies)
Amphiesmenoptera	Trichoptera (caddisflies) Lepidoptera (moths, butterflies)