Constitution of the Duchy of Warsaw

Constitution of the Duchy of Warsaw
Napoleon issuing the Constitution of the Duchy of Warsaw by Marcello Bacciarelli (1811)
Original title	(in Polish) Konstytucja Księstwa Warszawskiego
Created	22 July 1807
Signatories	Napoleon
Media type	Constitution

Constitutions and major statutes of Poland
Part of a series on the politics and government of Poland

Neminem captivabimus acts (1430) Nihil novi act (1505) Henrician Articles (1573) Constitution of 3 May 1791 Warsaw Duchy Constitution (1807) Kingdom of Poland (1815) Organic Statute (1832) Small Constitution (1919) March Constitution (1921) August Novelization (1926) April Constitution (1935) Small Constitution (1947) People's Republic (1952) April Novelization (1989) Small Constitution (1992) Current Constitution (1997)
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The Constitution of the Duchy of Warsaw was promulgated by Napoleon on 22 July 1807 in Dresden.^[1]^[2]^[3] Together with the Napoleonic Code it was a significant reform of Polish law and government in the new Duchy of Warsaw. The constitution provided for a bicameral Sejm and a Council of Ministers. The new laws abolished serfdom and legal distinctions by social class (nobility, peasantry, townsfolk) and introduced the principle that all people are equal before the law. It was considered a liberal constitution for its time. Individual liberty was guaranteed.

The Duchy of Warsaw was a satellite state of France, with no foreign policy of its own. King Frederick Augustus I of Saxony became Duke of Warsaw, and had control over diplomacy; a French representative was to reside in Warsaw and had significant influence over the Duchy's government. The army of the Duchy of Warsaw was subordinate to the French Army.

The granting of the constitution by Napoleon was rendered into painting by Marcello Bacciarelli, but the scene shown in the painting is likely fictionalized.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b "Nadanie konstytucji Księstwa Warszawskiego: uroczystość, której nigdy nie było". histmag.org. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
^ Kallas, M. (2007). "THE CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM OF THE DUCHY OF WARSAW". Przegląd Sejmowy (in Polish). 5 (82): 11–32. ISSN 1230-5502.
^ Dziadzio, Andrzej (2008). "The Constitution of the Duchy of Warsaw 1807: some remarks on occasion of 200 years' anniversary of its adoption" (PDF). Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa. 2.