Copper(II) carbonate

Chemical compound
Copper(II) carbonate
Names
IUPAC name
Copper(II) carbonate
Other names
Cupric carbonate, neutral copper carbonate
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 1184-64-1 checkY[ECHA]
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
ChemSpider
  • 13799
ECHA InfoCard 100.013.338 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 214-671-4
PubChem CID
  • 14452
UNII
  • 9AOA5F11GJ checkY
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID6034471 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI
  • InChI=1S/CH2O3.Cu/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+2/p-2
    Key: GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L
  • C(=O)([O-])[O-].[Cu+2]
Properties
Chemical formula
 CuCO3
Molar mass 123.5549
Appearance green or blue Powder[1]
Solubility in water
 insoluble in water [clarification needed]
Solubility product (Ksp)
10−11.45 ± 0.10 at 25 °C.[2][3][4]
Structure
Space group
 Pa-C2s (7) [1]
Lattice constant
a = 6.092 Å, b = 4.493 Å, c = 7.030 Å
α = 90°, β = 101,34°°, γ = 90°
Coordination geometry
 5 [1]
Hazards
Flash point Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions
 Copper(II) sulfate
Other cations
 Nickel(II) carbonate
Zinc carbonate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
Chemical compound

Copper(II) carbonate or cupric carbonate is a chemical compound with formula CuCO
3. At ambient temperatures, it is an ionic solid (a salt) consisting of copper(II) cations Cu2+
 and carbonate anions CO2−
3.

This compound is rarely encountered because it is difficult to prepare[2] and readily reacts with water moisture from the air. The terms "copper carbonate", "copper(II) carbonate", and "cupric carbonate" almost always refer (even in chemistry texts) to a basic copper carbonate (or copper(II) carbonate hydroxide), such as Cu
2(OH)2CO
3 (which occurs naturally as the mineral malachite) or Cu
3(OH)2(CO
3)2 (azurite). For this reason, the qualifier neutral may be used instead of "basic" to refer specifically to CuCO
3.

Preparation

Reactions that may be expected to yield CuCO
3, such as mixing solutions of copper(II) sulfate CuSO
4 and sodium carbonate Na
2CO
3 in ambient conditions, yield instead a basic carbonate and CO
2, due to the great affinity of the Cu2+
 ion for the hydroxide anion HO−
.[5]

Thermal decomposition of the basic carbonate at atmospheric pressure yields copper(II) oxide CuO rather than the carbonate.

In 1960, C. W. F. T. Pistorius claimed synthesis by heating basic copper carbonate at 180 °C in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide CO
2 (450 atm) and water (50 atm) for 36 hours. The bulk of the products was well-crystallized malachite Cu
2CO
3(OH)2, but a small yield of a rhombohedral substance was also obtained, claimed to be CuCO
3.[6] However, this synthesis was apparently not reproduced.[2]

Reliable synthesis of true copper(II) carbonate was reported for the first time in 1973 by Hartmut Ehrhardt and others. The compound was obtained as a gray powder, by heating basic copper carbonate in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide (produced by the decomposition of silver oxalate Ag
2C
2O
4) at 500 °C and 2 GPa (20,000 atm). The compound was determined to have a monoclinic structure.[7]

Chemical and physical properties

The stability of dry CuCO
3 depends critically on the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2). It is stable for months in dry air, but decomposes slowly into CuO and CO
2 if pCO2 is less than 0.11 atm.[3]

In the presence of water or moist air at 25 °C, CuCO
3 is stable only for pCO2 above 4.57 atmospheres and pH between about 4 and 8.[8] Below that partial pressure, it reacts with water to form a basic carbonate (azurite, Cu
3(CO
3)2(OH)2).[3]

3 CuCO
3 + H
2O → Cu
3(CO
3)
2(OH)
2 + CO
2

In highly basic solutions, the complex anion Cu(CO
3)2−
2 is formed instead.[3]

The solubility product of the true copper(II) carbonate was measured by Reiterer and others as pKso = 11.45 ± 0.10 at 25 °C.[2][3][4]

Structure

In the crystal structure of CuCO3, copper adopts a distorted square pyramidal coordination environment with coordination number 5. Each carbonate ion bonds to 5 copper centres.[1]

  • Unit cell of CuCO3
    Unit cell of CuCO3
  • Copper coordination environment
    Copper coordination environment
  • Carbonate coordination environment
    Carbonate coordination environment

References

  1. ^ a b c d H. Seidel, H. Ehrhardt, K. Viswanathan, W. Johannes (1974): "Darstellung, Struktur und Eigenschaften von Kupfer(II)-Carbonat". Z. anorg. allg. Chem., volume 410, pages 138-148. doi:10.1002/zaac.19744100207
  2. ^ a b c d Rolf Grauer (1999) "Solubility Products of M(II) Carbonates Archived 2018-11-01 at the Wayback Machine". Technical Report NTB-99-03, NAGRA - National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste; pages 8, 14, and 17. Translated by U. Berner.
  3. ^ a b c d e F. Reiterer, W. Johannes, H. Gamsjäger (1981): "Semimicro Determination of Solubility Constants: Copper(II) Carbonate and Iron(II) Carbonate". Mikrochim. Acta, volume 1981, page 63. doi:10.1007/BF01198705
  4. ^ a b F. Reiterer (1980): "Löslichkeitskonstanten und Freie Bildungsenthalpien neutraler Übergangsmetallcarbonate". Thesis, Montanuniversität Leoben.
  5. ^ Ahmad, Zaki (2006). Principles of Corrosion Engineering and Corrosion Control. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 120–270. ISBN 9780750659246.
  6. ^ C. W. F. T. Pistorius (1960): "Synthesis at High Pressure and Lattice Constants of Normal Cupric Carbonate". Experientia, volume XVI, page 447-448. doi:10.1007/BF02171142
  7. ^ Hartmut Erhardt, Wilhelm Johannes, and Hinrich Seidel (1973): "Hochdrucksynthese von Kupfer(II)-Carbonat", Z. Naturforsch., volume 28b, issue 9-10, page 682. doi:10.1515/znb-1973-9-1021
  8. ^ H. Gamsjäger and W. Preis (1999): "Copper Content in Synthetic Copper Carbonate." Letter to J. Chem. Educ., volume 76, issue 10, page 1339. doi:10.1021/ed076p1339.1
  • v
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Compounds containing the carbonate group
H2CO3 He
Li2CO3,
LiHCO3 		BeCO3 +BO3 (RO)(R'O)CO
+C2O4 		(NH4)2CO3,
NH4HCO3,
+NO3 		O +F Ne
Na2CO3,
NaHCO3,
Na3H(CO3)2 		MgCO3,
Mg(HCO3)2 		Al2(CO3)3 SiCO4,
+SiO4 		P +SO4 +Cl Ar
K2CO3,
KHCO3 		CaCO3,
Ca(HCO3)2 		Sc Ti V CrCO3,
Cr2(CO3)3 		MnCO3 FeCO3 CoCO3,
Co2(CO3)3 		NiCO3 Cu2CO3,
CuCO3, Cu2CO3(OH)2 		ZnCO3 Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb2CO3 SrCO3 Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh PdCO3 Ag2CO3 CdCO3 In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs2CO3,
CsHCO3 		BaCO3 * Lu2(CO3)3 Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au HgCO3 Tl2CO3 PbCO3 (BiO)2CO3 Po(CO3)2 At Rn
Fr RaCO3 ** Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
 
* La2(CO3)3 Ce2(CO3)3 Pr2(CO3)3 Nd2(CO3)3 Pm Sm2(CO3)3 EuCO3,
Eu2(CO3)3 		Gd2(CO3)3 Tb2(CO3)3 Dy2(CO3)3 Ho2(CO3)3 Er2(CO3)3 Tm2(CO3)3 Yb2(CO3)3
** Ac Th(CO3)2 Pa UO2CO3 Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No
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HOH He
LiOH Be(OH)2 B(OH)3 C(OH)4 N(OH)3
[NH4]+OH− 		O(OH)2 FOH Ne
NaOH Mg(OH)2 Al(OH)3 Si(OH)4 P(OH)3 S(OH)2 ClOH Ar
KOH Ca(OH)2 Sc(OH)3 Ti(OH)2
Ti(OH)3
Ti(OH)4 		V(OH)2
V(OH)3 		Cr(OH)2
Cr(OH)3 		Mn(OH)2 Fe(OH)2
Fe(OH)3 		Co(OH)2 Ni(OH)2 CuOH
Cu(OH)2 		Zn(OH)2 Ga(OH)3 Ge(OH)2 As(OH)3 Se BrOH Kr
RbOH Sr(OH)2 Y(OH)3 Zr(OH)4 Nb Mo Tc(OH)4 Ru Rh(OH)3 Pd AgOH Cd(OH)2 In(OH)3 Sn(OH)2
Sn(OH)4 		Sb(OH)3 Te(OH)6 IOH Xe
CsOH Ba(OH)2 * Lu(OH)3 Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au(OH)3 Hg(OH)2 TlOH
Tl(OH)3 		Pb(OH)2
Pb(OH)4 		Bi(OH)3 Po At Rn
FrOH Ra(OH)2 ** Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
 
* La(OH)3 Ce(OH)3
Ce(OH)4 		Pr(OH)3 Nd(OH)3 Pm(OH)3 Sm(OH)3 Eu(OH)2
Eu(OH)3 		Gd(OH)3 Tb(OH)3 Dy(OH)3 Ho(OH)3 Er(OH)3 Tm(OH)3 Yb(OH)3
** Ac(OH)3 Th(OH)4 Pa U(OH)2
U(OH)3
UO2(OH)2 		Np(OH)3
Np(OH)4
NpO2(OH)3 		Pu Am(OH)3 Cm(OH)3 Bk Cf Es Fm Md No
  • v
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  • e
Cu(0,I)
  • Cu5Si
Cu(I)
  • CuBr
  • CuCN
  • CuCl
  • CuF
  • CuH
  • CuI
  • Cu2C2
  • Cu2Cr2O5
  • Cu2O
  • CuOH
  • CuNO3
  • Cu3P
  • Cu2S
  • CuSCN
  • C6H5Cu
Cu(I,II)
  • Cu4O3
  • Cu3H4O8S2
Cu(II)
  • Cu(BF4)2
  • CuBr2
  • CuC2
  • Cu(CH3COO)2
  • Cu(CF3COO)2
  • Cu(C3H5O3)2
  • CuCO3
  • Cu2CO3(OH)2
  • Cu(CN)2
  • CuCl2 / KCuCl3 / K2CuCl4
  • Cu(ClO3)2
  • Cu(ClO4)2
  • CuF2
  • Cu(NO3)2
  • Cu3(PO4)2
  • Cu(N3)2
  • CuC2O4
  • CuO
  • CuO2
  • Cu(OH)2
  • CuS
  • Cu(SCN)2
  • CuSO4
  • Cu3(AsO4)2
  • Cu(C
    11    H
    23    COO)
    2
  • Cu(C17H35COO)2
  • CuTe
  • CuTe2
Cu(III)
  • K3CuF6
Cu(IV)
  • CuO2
  • Cs2CuF6