Crenshaw v. United States

1890 United States Supreme Court case

Blake v. United States
Supreme Court of the United States
Argued January 6, 1890 Decided March 3, 1890
Full case name	Crenshaw v. United States
Citations	134 U.S. 99 (more)
Holding
Officers of the United States do not hold their office by contract and may be removed at anytime where authorized by law.
Court membership
Chief Justice Melville Fuller Associate Justices Samuel F. Miller · Stephen J. Field Joseph P. Bradley · John M. Harlan Horace Gray · Samuel Blatchford Lucius Q. C. Lamar II · David J. Brewer
Case opinion
Majority	Lamar, joined by unanimous
Laws applied
U.S. Const. art. II, § 2, cl. 2

Crenshaw v. United States, 134 U.S. 99 (1890), was a decision of the United States Supreme Court concerning the removal power under the Appointments Clause.

References

External links

Text of Crenshaw v. United States, 134 U.S. 99 (1890) is available from: Cornell Justia

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Crenshaw v. United States

United States Appointments Clause case law

Appointment of Officers

Marbury v. Madison (1803)
United States v. Le Baron (1856)
Mimmack v. United States (1878)
United States v. Corson (1885)
United States v. Eaton (1898)
Quackenbush v. United States (1900)
United States v. Smith (1932)
NLRB v. SW General, Inc. (2017)
Ortiz v. United States (2018)
FOMBPR v. Aurelius Investment, LLC (2020)

Officers vs. Employees	United States v. Hartwell (1867) United States v. Mouat (1888) United States v. Smith (1888) Auffmordt v. Hedden (1890) Burnap v. United States (1920)
Inferior Officers	United States v. Germaine (1878) Ex parte Siebold (1879) Freytag v. Commissioner (1991) Edmond v. United States (1997) Lucia v. SEC (2018) United States v. Arthrex, Inc. (2021)
Recess Appointments	NLRB v. Noel Canning (2014)
Challenges to Appointments	Ryder v. United States (1995) Carr v. Saul (2021)
Appointments by Congress	Shoemaker v. United States (1893) Springer v. Government of the Philippine Islands (1928) Buckley v. Valeo (1976) MWAA v. CAAN (1991) Weiss v. United States (1994)

Removal of Officers

Ex parte Hennen (1839)
Blake v. United States (1880)
Crenshaw v. United States (1890)
McAllister v. United States (1891)
Keim v. United States (1900)
Reagan v. United States (1901)
Shurtleff v. United States (1903)

Limits on Removal Power	United States v. Perkins (1886) Parsons v. United States (1897) Myers v. United States (1926) Humphrey's Executor v. United States (1936) Wiener v. United States (1958) Morrison v. Olson (1988) Free Enterprise Fund v. PCAOB (2010) Selia Law v. CFPB (2020) Collins v. Yellen (2021)
Removal by Congress	Bowsher v. Synar (1986)

Jurisdiction stripping
Thunder Basin Coal Co. v. Reich (1994) Free Enterprise Fund v. PCAOB (2010) Elgin v. Department of Treasury (2012) Axon Enterprise, Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission (2023)