Cyriacus II of Constantinople
Cyriacus II of Constantinople | |
---|---|
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople | |
Installed | 595 |
Term ended | 606 |
Personal details | |
Denomination | Chalcedonian Christianity |
Cyriacus II (Greek: Κυριακός; died 29 October 606) was the thirtieth Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (595–606).
He was previously presbyter and steward, oikonomos, of the great church at Constantinople (Chronicon Paschale, p. 378). Gregory the Great received the legates bearing the synodal letters which announced his consecration, partly from a desire not to disturb the peace of the church, and partly from the personal respect which he entertained for Cyriac; but in his reply he warned him against the sin of causing divisions in the church, clearly alluding to the use of the term oecumenical bishop, which Gregory interpreted as meaning "universal" or even "exclusive" bishop (Gregory, Ep. lib. vii. 4, Patrologia Latina lxxvii. 853). The personal feelings of Gregory towards Cyriac appear most friendly.
Cyriacus did not attend to Gregory's entreaties that he abstain from using the title, for Gregory wrote afterwards both to him and to the emperor Maurice, declaring that he could not allow his legates to remain in communion with Cyriac as long as he retained it. In the latter of these letters he compares the assumption of the title to the sin of Antichrist, since both exhibit a spirit of lawless pride. "Quisquis se universalem sacerdotem vocat, vel vocari desiderat, in elatione sua Antichristum praecurrit" (whosoever calls himself universal priest, or desires to be called so, is the forerunner of the Antichrist) (Gregory Ep. 28, 30). In a letter to Anastasius I of Antioch, who had written to him to remonstrate against disturbing the peace of the church, Gregory defends his conduct on the ground of the injury which Cyriac had done to all other patriarchs by the assumption of the title, and reminds Anastasius that not only heretics but heresiarchs had before this been patriarchs of Constantinople. He also deprecates the use of the term on more general grounds (Ep. 24). In spite of all this Cyriacus was firm in his retention of the title, and appears to have summoned, or to have meditated summoning, a council to authorize its use. For in 599 Gregory wrote to Eusebius of Thessalonica and some other bishops, stating that he had heard they were about to be summoned to a council at Constantinople, and most urgently entreating them to yield neither to force nor to persuasion, but to be steadfast in their refusal to recognize the offensive title (ib. lib. ix. 68 in Patr. Lat.).
Cyriacus appears to have shared in that unpopularity of the emperor Maurice which caused his deposition and death (Theophanes Chronicle, A.M. 6094; Niceph. Callis. H. E. xviii. 40; Theophylact. Hist. viii. 9). He still, however, had influence enough to exact from Phocas at his coronation a confession of the orthodox faith and a pledge not to disturb the church (Theophanes Chronicle, A.M. 6094). He also nobly resisted the attempt of Phocas to drag the empress Constantina and her daughters from their sanctuary in a church of Constantinople (ibid., A.M. 6098).
Perhaps some resentment at this opposition to his will may have induced Phocas to accede more readily to the claims of Pope Boniface III that Rome should be considered to be the head of all the church, in exclusion of the claims of Constantinople to the oecumenical bishopric (Vita Bonifacii III, in Labbe, Acta Concil. t. v. 1615).
Cyriac died in 606, and was interred in the church of the Holy Apostles (Chronicon Paschale, p. 381). He appears to have been a man of remarkable piety and earnestness, able to win the esteem of all parties. He built a church dedicated to the theotokos in a street of Constantinople called Diaconissa (Theophanes Chronicle, A.M. 6090; Niceph. Callis. H. E. xviii. 42).
References
Attribution
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wace, Henry; Piercy, William C., eds. (1911). "Cyriac, patriarch of Constantinople". Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century (3rd ed.). London: John Murray.
Titles of Chalcedonian Christianity | ||
---|---|---|
Preceded by | Patriarch of Constantinople 596–606 | Succeeded by |
- v
- t
- e
(Roman period, 38–330 AD)
(Roman period, 330–451 AD)
(Byzantine period, 451–1453 AD)
- Anatolius
- Gennadius I
- Acacius
- Fravitta
- Euphemius
- Macedonius II
- Timothy I
- John II
- Epiphanius
- Anthimus I
- Menas
- Eutychius
- John III
- John IV
- Cyriacus II
- Thomas I
- Sergius I
- Pyrrhus
- Paul II
- Peter
- Thomas II
- John V
- Constantine I
- Theodore I
- George I
- Paul III
- Callinicus I
- Cyrus
- John VI
- Germanus I
- Anastasius
- Constantine II
- Nicetas I
- Paul IV
- Tarasius
- Nicephorus I
- Theodotus I
- Antony I
- John VII
- Methodius I
- Ignatios
- Photios I
- Stephen I
- Antony II
- Nicholas I
- Εuthymius I
- Stephen II
- Tryphon
- Theophylact
- Polyeuctus
- Βasil I
- Αntony III
- Nicholas II
- Sisinnius II
- Sergius II
- Eustathius
- Alexius
- Michael I
- Constantine III
- John VIII
- Cosmas I
- Eustratius
- Nicholas III
- John IX
- Leo
- Michael II
- Cosmas II
- Nicholas IV
- Theodotus II
- Neophytus I
- Constantine IV
- Luke
- Michael III
- Chariton
- Theodosius I
- Basil II
- Nicetas II
- Leontius
- Dositheus
- George II
- John X
- Michael IV†
- Theodore II†
- Maximus II†
- Μanuel I†
- Germanus II†
- Methodius II†
- Manuel II†
- Arsenius†
- Nicephorus II†
- Germanus III
- Joseph I
- John XI
- Gregory II
- Athanasius I
- John XII
- Nephon I
- John XIII
- Gerasimus I
- Isaias
- John XIV
- Isidore I
- Callistus I
- Philotheus
- Macarius
- Nilus
- Antony IV
- Callistus II
- Matthew I
- Euthymius II
- Joseph II
- Metrophanes II
- Gregory III
- Athanasius II
(Ottoman period, 1453–1923 AD)
- Gennadius II
- Isidore II
- Joasaph I
- Sophronius I
- Mark II
- Symeon I
- Dionysius I
- Raphael I
- Maximus III
- Nephon II
- Maximus IV
- Joachim I
- Pachomius I
- Theoleptus I
- Jeremias I
- Joannicius I
- Dionysius II
- Joasaph II
- Metrophanes III
- Jeremias II
- Pachomius II
- Theoleptus II
- Matthew II
- Gabriel I
- Theophanes I
- Meletius I
- Neophytus II
- Raphael II
- Cyril I
- Timothy II
- Gregory IV
- Anthimus II
- Cyril II
- Athanasius III
- Neophytus III
- Parthenius I
- Parthenius II
- Joannicius II
- Cyril III
- Paisius I
- Parthenius III
- Gabriel II
- Parthenius IV
- Dionysius III
- Clement
- Methodius III
- Dionysius IV
- Gerasimus II
- Athanasius IV
- James
- Callinicus II
- Neophytus IV
- Gabriel III
- Neophytus V
- Cyprianus
- Athanasius V
- Cyril IV
- Cosmas III
- Jeremias III
- (Callinicus III)
- Paisius II
- Seraphim I
- Neophytus VI
- Cyril V
- Callinicus IV (III)
- Seraphim II
- Joannicius III
- Samuel
- Meletius II
- Theodosius II
- Sophronius II
- Gabriel IV
- Procopius
- Neophytus VII
- Gerasimus III
- Gregory V
- Callinicus V (IV)
- Jeremias IV
- Cyril VI
- Eugenius II
- Anthimus III
- Chrysanthus
- Agathangelus
- Constantius I
- Constantius II
- Gregory VI
- Anthimus IV
- Anthimus V
- Germanus IV
- Meletius III
- Anthimus VI
- Cyril VII
- Joachim II
- Sophronius III
- Joachim III
- Joachim IV
- Dionysius V
- Neophytus VIII
- Anthimus VII
- Constantine V
- Germanus V
- Meletius IV
(Turkish period, since 1923 AD)
- † in exile at Nicaea
- Christianity portal