Devanagari numerals

Symbols used for numbers in Devanagari
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The Devanagari numerals are the symbols used to write numbers in the Devanagari script, predominantly used for northern Indian languages. They are used to write decimal numbers, instead of the Western Arabic numerals.

Table

Modern
Devanagari
Western
Arabic
Words for the cardinal number
Sanskrit
(wordstem)
Hindi Marathi Nepali
0 शून्य (śūnya) शून्य (śūny) शून्य (śūnya) शून्य (śūnya)
1 एक eka एक (ek) एक (ek) एक (ek)
2 द्वि dvi दो (do) दोन (don) दुइ (dui)
3 त्रि tri तीन (tīn) तीन (tīn) तिन (tīn)
4 चतुर् catur चार (cār) चार (cār) चारि (cāri)
5 पञ्च pañca पाँच (pāñc) पाच (pāch) पाँच (pānch)
6 षट् ṣaṭ छह (chah) सहा (sahā) छअ (chaā)
7 सप्त sapta सात (sāt) सात (sāt) सात (sāt)
8 अष्ट aṣṭa आठ (āṭh) आठ (āṭh) आठ (āṭha)
9 नव nava नौ (nau) नऊ (naū) नअ ()

The word śūnya for zero was calqued into Arabic as صفر sifr, meaning 'nothing', which became the term "zero" in many European languages via Medieval Latin zephirum.[1]

Variants

A comparison of Sanskrit and Eastern Arabic numerals

Devanagari digits shapes may vary depending on geographical area or epoch. Some of the variants are also seen in older Sanskrit literature.[2][3]


Common

Nepali
1

"Bombay" Variant

"Calcutta" Variant
5

"Bombay" Variant

"Calcutta" Variant
8

Common

Nepali Variant
9

See also

References

Notes
  1. ^ "zero - Origin and meaning of zero by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com.
  2. ^ Devanagari for TEX version 2.17, page 22
  3. ^ "Alternate digits in Devanagari". Scriptsource.org. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
Sources
  • Sanskrit Siddham (Bonji) Numbers Archived 2009-02-07 at the Wayback Machine
  • Devanagari Numbers in Nepali language
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Transliteration
Vowels and
syllabic consonants
aæ (का) ā
(कि) i (की) ī
(कु) u (कू) ū ॶ (कॖ) ॷ (कॗ)
(कृ) (कॄ) r̥̄
(कॢ) (कॣ) l̥̄
(के) ē ऍ (कॅ) ê (कॆ) e (कै) ai (कॕ) (कॎ)
(को) ō (कॉ) ô (कॊ) o (कौ) au ॳ (कऺ) ॴ (कऻ) ॵ (कॏ)
Consonants
k क़ q kh ख़ k̲h̲ g ग़ ġ gg gh
c ch j ज़ z jjž jh झ़ zh ñ
ṭh ड़ ḍḍ ḍh ढ़ ṛh
t th d dh n
p ph फ़ f b ॿ bb bh m
y य़ r l v
ś s h
  • Consonant conjuncts
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    अं (anusvāra) अः (visarga) अँ (candrabindu) अऀ (inverted candrabindu) (avagraha)
    क़ (nuqta) क् (virāma) 3 (pluta) (jihvāmūlīya) (upadhmānīya)
    अ॑ ` (svarita) अ॒ (anudātta) अ॓ (grave) अ॔ (acute) aum̐
    (daṇḍa) (double daṇḍa) (lāghava cihna) ॱ (high spacing dot) INR (Indian rupee sign)
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