Dodecane

Dodecane
Skeletal formula of dodecane
Skeletal formula of dodecane with all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added
Ball and stick model of dodecane
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Dodecane[1]
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 112-40-3 checkY
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
Beilstein Reference
 1697175
ChEBI
  • CHEBI:28817 checkY
ChEMBL
  • ChEMBL30959 checkY
ChemSpider
  • 7890 checkY
DrugBank
  • DB02771 checkY
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.607 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 203-967-9
Gmelin Reference
 201408
KEGG
  • C08374 checkY
MeSH n-dodecane
PubChem CID
  • 8182
RTECS number
  • JR2125000
UNII
  • 11A386X1QH checkY
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID0026913 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C12H26/c1-3-5-7-9-11-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3-12H2,1-2H3 checkY
    Key: SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • CCCCCCCCCCCC
Properties
Chemical formula
 C12H26
Molar mass 170.340 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor Gasoline-like to odorless
Density 0.7495 g mL−1 at 20 °C[2]
Melting point −10.0 to −9.3 °C; 14.1 to 15.2 °F; 263.2 to 263.8 K
Boiling point 214 to 218 °C; 417 to 424 °F; 487 to 491 K
log P 6.821
Vapor pressure 18 Pa (at 25 °C)[3]
Henry's law
constant (kH)
 1.4 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
1.421
Viscosity 1.34 mPa s
Thermochemistry
376.00 J K−1 mol−1
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298)
 490.66 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)
 −353.5–−350.7 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298)
 −7901.74 kJ mol−1
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS08: Health hazard
Danger
H304
P301+P310, P331
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 2: Must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperature before ignition can occur. Flash point between 38 and 93 °C (100 and 200 °F). E.g. diesel fuelInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
2
0
Flash point 71 °C (160 °F; 344 K)
Autoignition
temperature
 205 °C (401 °F; 478 K)
Explosive limits 0.6%
Safety data sheet (SDS) hazard.com
Related compounds
Related alkanes
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)
Infobox references
Chemical compound

Dodecane (also known as dihexyl, bihexyl, adakane 12, or duodecane) is an oily liquid n-alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C12H26 (which has 355 isomers).

It is used as a solvent, distillation chaser, and scintillator component. It is used as a diluent for tributyl phosphate (TBP) in nuclear reprocessing plants.[4]

Combustion reaction

The combustion reaction of dodecane is as follows:

C12H26(l) + 18.5 O2(g) → 12 CO2(g) + 13 H2O(g)
ΔH° = −7513 kJ

One litre of fuel needs about 15 kg of air to burn (2.6 kg of oxygen), and generates 2.3 kg (or 1.2 m3) of CO2 upon complete combustion.

Jet fuel surrogate

In recent years, n-dodecane has garnered attention as a possible surrogate for kerosene-based fuels such as Jet-A, S-8, and other conventional aviation fuels. It is considered a second-generation fuel surrogate designed to emulate the laminar flame speed, largely supplanting n-decane, primarily due to its higher molecular mass and lower hydrogen-to-carbon ratio which better reflect the n-alkane content of jet fuels.

See also

References

  1. ^ "n-dodecane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
  2. ^ "Dodecane".
  3. ^ "Dodecane".
  4. ^ Rydberg, Jan (2004). Solvent Extraction Principles and Practice. Marcel Dekker. p. 524. ISBN 0-8247-5063-2.

External links

  • Caudwell, D.R.; Trusler, J.P.M.; Vesovic, V.; Wakeham, W.A. (2003-06-16). "The Viscosity and Density of n-Dodecane and n-Octadecane at Pressures up to 200 mPa and Temperatures up to 473 K" (PDF). NIST. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-09. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
  • Material Safety Data Sheet for Dodecane
  • Dodecane, Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
  • v
  • t
  • e
Authority control databases: National Edit this at Wikidata
  • Germany