Dolní Čermná

49°58′46″N 16°33′53″E / 49.97944°N 16.56472°E / 49.97944; 16.56472Country Czech RepublicRegionPardubiceDistrictÚstí nad OrlicíFirst mentioned1304Area • Total15.03 km² (5.80 sq mi)Elevation394 m (1,293 ft)Population • Total1,385 • Density92/km² (240/sq mi)Time zoneUTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)Postal codeWebsitedolni-cermna.cz

Dolní Čermná (German: Niedertscherma) is a market town in Ústí nad Orlicí District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,400 inhabitants.

Administrative parts

The village of Jakubovice is an administrative part of Dolní Čermná.

Geography

Dolní Čermná is located about 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of Ústí nad Orlicí and 55 km (34 mi) east of Pardubice. It lies in the Orlické Foothills. The highest point is the hill Červený vrch at 528 m (1,732 ft) above sea level. The Čermná stream flows through the market town. The market town is situated on the shore of Čermenský pond.

History

Dolní Čermná was probably founded during the colonization during the reign of King Ottokar II between 1253 and 1278. The first written mention of Dolní Čermná is in a deed of King Wenceslaus II from 1304, when the village was part of the Lanškroun estate donated to the newly established Zbraslav Monastery. In 1358, the estate was acquired by the bishopric in Litomyšl.^[2]

In 1432, the estate was bought by the Kostka of Postupice family. They founded the Čermenský pond in the village. From 1507 to 1588, the estate was a property of the Pernštejn family, then they sold it to Adam Herzán of Harasov. His sons inherited the estate in 1622, but soon sold it to the Liechtenstein family, who owned it until the establishment of a sovereign municipality in 1848. In 1873, Dolní Čermná was promoted to a market town.^[2]

Demographics

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% 1869 3,711 —     1880 3,479 −6.3% 1890 3,568 +2.6% 1900 3,428 −3.9% 1910 3,429 +0.0%	Year Pop. ±% 1921 3,155 −8.0% 1930 1,634 −48.2% 1950 1,131 −30.8% 1961 1,249 +10.4% 1970 1,253 +0.3%	Year Pop. ±% 1980 1,238 −1.2% 1991 1,294 +4.5% 2001 1,337 +3.3% 2011 1,264 −5.5% 2021 1,324 +4.7%
Source: Censuses[3][4]

Sights

The main landmark of Dolní Čermná is the Church of Saint George. It was built in 1687–1690 and extended in 1859–1860. The tower dates from 1559.^[5]

Sport

The Areál zdraví a sportu (health and sports complex) is located in the south of the town, off Dolní Čermná 243. The complex includes an all-weather area that contains tennis courts and a football pitch.^[6]

The site of the football pitch was previously a prominent motorcycle speedway venue in the town from 1949 to 1967.^[7] The 444 metres track was chosen to host a final round of the Czechoslovak Individual Speedway Championship in 1954, 1962 and 1963.^[8] It also held the Junek Memorial, named after Vincenc Urban Junek, who died in a motorsport event at the Nürburgring in 1928.^[9]

Notable people

• Jindřich Štyrský (1899–1942), artist
• Oldřich Marek (1911–1986), entomologist; attended a school here and later worked here as a teacher

Twin towns – sister cities

Dolní Čermná is twinned with:^[10]

• Dzierżoniów, Poland
• Kazár, Hungary
• Liptovská Teplička, Slovakia
• Velykyi Bereznyi, Ukraine

References

External links