Donald McNeill Fairfax

United States Navy admiral (1818–1894)

Donald MacNeill Fairfax

Born	(1822-08-10)August 10, 1822 Mount Eagle, Fairfax County, Virginia
Died	January 10, 1894(1894-01-10) (aged 75) Hagerstown, Maryland
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	United States Navy
Years of service	1837–1881
Rank	Rear admiral
Commands held	Cayuga Nantucket Montauk
Battles/wars	American Civil War

Donald MacNeil Fairfax (March 10, 1818 – January 10, 1894) was an officer in the United States Navy during the American Civil War.

Early life and family

The son of George William Fairfax, and Isabella McNeill, grandson of Ferdinando Fairfax, and great-grandson of Bryan Fairfax,^[1] he was born at Mount Eagle, Virginia. Fairfax entered the Navy as a midshipman on August 12, 1837. His younger brother, Edwin Cary Fairfax (1833-1912), also served in the Union Army, enlisting in the 5th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company D.

The Trent Affair

As executive officer in San Jacinto, he was a participant in the 1861 "Trent Affair," a diplomatic controversy involving the U.S. Navy's removal of Confederate commissioners from the British mail-steamer, RMS Trent. On November 8, 1861, Fairfax boarded Trent to remove Confederate commissioners James M. Mason and John Slidell, after the ship had been stopped by his captain, Charles Wilkes.

Wilkes had given Fairfax the following written instructions:

On boarding her you will demand the papers of the steamer, her clearance from Havana, with the list of passengers and crew.
Should Mr. Mason, Mr. Slidell, Mr. Eustice [sic] and Mr. McFarland be on board make them prisoners and send them on board this ship and take possession of her [the Trent] as a prize. … They must be brought on board.
All trunks, cases, packages and bags belonging to them you will take possession of and send on board this ship; any dispatches found on the persons of the prisoners, or in possession of those on board the steamer, will be taken possession of, examined, and retained if necessary^[2]

Fairfax demanded the passenger list, but Mason and Slidell identified themselves. He escorted Mason by the collar, to the cutter, and with two officers took hold of Slidell from the main cabin. He failed to claim Trent as a prize, citing the loss of manpower of a prize crew (avoiding a worse incident).^[3]

Civil War Service

Fairfax's distinguished service in the Civil War included command of the Cayuga, Nantucket and Montauk.

Fairfax was later promoted to flag rank, retiring as a rear admiral on September 30, 1881. He retired to Hagerstown, Maryland, where he served on the vestry of Saint John's Church. Admiral Fairfax died in 1894.

Namesake

In 1917 the Wickes-class destroyer USS Fairfax (DD-93) was named in his honor.

References

^ du Bellet, Louise Pecquet (1907). Some Prominent Virginia Families. J.P. Bell Company (Incorporated). p. 176. bryan fairfax.
^ D. Macneil Fairfax (1885). "Captain Wilkes's Seizure of Mason and Slidell". In Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buel (ed.). Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: North to Antietam. pp. 136–137.
^ Craig L. Symonds (2008). Lincoln and His Admirals. Oxford University Press. pp. 76–77. ISBN 978-0-19-531022-1.