Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg–United States relations

Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg–United States relations

Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg	United States

The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg and the United States began relations in 1848 with mutual recognition but both countries never established formal relations. Relations continued in 1867 when the Duchy joined the North German Confederation. Relations would eventually end with World War I when the U.S. declared war on Germany.

History

On April 5, 1848, Secretary of State James Buchanan acknowledged the Consul-General of Brunswick and Lüneburg in New York City as John Dreyer Esq., which constitutes the first known act of mutual recognition between the United States and the Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg.^[1] The U.S. in return opened its first consulate in the Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg on March 17, 1856. The consulate would close on July 25, 1916.

On August 21, 1854, the U.S. Secretary of State William L. Marcy and the Consul of the Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg at Mobile, Ala., Dr. Julius Samson, signed a Convention Respecting the Disposition of Property, as they were "animated by the desire to secure and extend, by an amicable convention, the relations happily existing between the two countries." The treaty was negotiated and signed in Washington, D.C.^[1]

The Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg joined the North German Confederation in 1867, to which the U.S. appointed George Bancroft, then U.S. Minister to the Kingdom of Prussia, to serve as the U.S. Minister to the North German Confederation. From this point forward, foreign policy of the North German Confederation, and later, after 1871 the German Empire, was made in Berlin, with the German Kaiser (who was also the King of Prussia) accrediting ambassadors of foreign nations. On April 6, 1917, Wilson declared war on Imperial Germany.^[1]

See also

• Foreign relations of the United States
• Germany–United States relations
• Grand Duchy of Baden–United States relations
• Kingdom of Bavaria–United States relations
• Kingdom of Hanover–United States relations
• German Empire–United States relations
• Hanseatic Republics–United States relations
• Grand Duchy of Hesse–United States relations
• Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin–United States relations
• Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz–United States relations
• Duchy of Nassau–United States relations
• North German Confederation–United States relations
• Grand Duchy of Oldenburg–United States relations
• Prussia–United States relations
• Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe–United States relations
• Kingdom of Württemberg–United States relations

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Brunswick and Lüneburg". U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.

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Germany–United States relations

Diplomatic posts

• Embassy of Germany, Washington, D.C.
• Ambassadors of Germany to the United States
• Embassy of the United States, Berlin
• Ambassadors of the United States to Germany
• Consular Agency of the United States, Bremen
• Consulate General of the United States, Hamburg
• Consulate General of the United States, Frankfurt
• Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs

Diplomacy

• Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Relations between Germany and the United States of America
• Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
• Guadeloupe Conference
• Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action

Conflicts

• Samoan crisis
  • Samoan Civil War
• Second Samoan Civil War
  • Tripartite Convention
  • Treaty of Berlin (1889)
• World War I
  • United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)
  • Zimmermann Telegram
  • War Plan Black
  • Treaty of Versailles
• World War II
  • German declaration of war against the United States
  • United States declaration of war on Germany (1941)
  • German prisoners of war in the United States
  • Internment of German Americans
    • Executive Order 9066
  • Nazism in the Americas
  • Duquesne Spy Ring
  • Operation Pastorius
  • Don't Be a Sucker
  • Here Is Germany
  • Your Job in Germany
  • Four Ds
  • Morgenthau Plan
  • The President's Economic Mission to Germany and Austria
  • Allied-occupied Germany
  • German Marshall Fund

Incidents

• Bowers v. Kerbaugh-Empire Co.
• 1960 Munich C-131 crash
• Berlin Crisis of 1961
• 1961 F-84 Thunderstreak incident
• 1964 T-39 shootdown incident
• Chicken tax
• Zschernig v. Miller
• Operation Rubicon (Crypto AG)
• Bitburg controversy
• West Berlin discotheque bombing
• 1991 United States embassy sniper attack in Bonn
• LaGrand case
• Price v. United States
• Zadvydas v. Davis
• Operation Eikonal
• 2011 Frankfurt Airport shooting

U.S. relations with
former German states

• East Germany–United States relations
  • Ambassadors of East Germany to the United States
  • Ambassadors of the United States to East Germany
• United States–West Germany relations
• Prussia–United States relations
  • Treaty of Amity and Commerce (Prussia–United States)
  • Prussia and the American Civil War
• Grand Duchy of Baden–United States relations
• Kingdom of Bavaria–United States relations
• Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg–United States relations
• Kingdom of Hanover–United States relations
• German Empire–United States relations
• Hanseatic Republics–United States relations
• Grand Duchy of Hesse–United States relations
• Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin–United States relations
• Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz–United States relations
• Duchy of Nassau–United States relations
• North German Confederation–United States relations
• Grand Duchy of Oldenburg–United States relations
• Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe–United States relations
• Kingdom of Württemberg–United States relations

Related

• Anti-American sentiment in Germany
• Germans in the American Revolution
• German interest in the Caribbean
• Helios (spacecraft)
• Ich bin ein Berliner
• Tear down this wall!
• Freedom Bell
• STS-61-A
• TAT-10
• Amerika Haus
  • Amerika Haus Berlin
• Atlantic Initiative
• Atlantik-Brücke
• Bacatec
• Cultural Vistas
• Congress-Bundestag Youth Exchange
• Federation of German-American Clubs
• German-American Friendship Garden
• German American Partnership Program
• German Historical Institute Washington DC
• German Scholars Boston
• IG Farben Building
• Robert Bosch Foundation Fellowship Program
• Rundfunk im amerikanischen Sektor

Category:Germany–United States relations