Duchy of Zator
Silesian duchy (1445–1513)
Duchy of Zator Księstwo Zatorskie (Polish) Herzogtum Zator (German) | |||||||||
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| 1445–1564 | |||||||||
 Coat of arms (19th century) | |||||||||
| Status | Silesian duchy | ||||||||
| Capital | Zator | ||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages Early modern period | ||||||||
| 1445 | |||||||||
• Again divided | 1474 | ||||||||
• Re-united | 1490 | ||||||||
• Sold to Poland | 1494 | ||||||||
• Incorporated into Kraków Voivodeship | 1564 | ||||||||
• Seized by Habsburgs (First Partition of Poland) | 1772 | ||||||||
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The Duchy of Zator was one of many Duchies of Silesia.
It was split off the Duchy of Oświęcim, when after eleven years of joint rule the sons of Duke Casimir I in 1445 finally divided the lands among themselves, whereby his eldest son Wenceslaus received the territory around the town of Zator. The fragmentation of the duchy continued after Wenceslaus' death in 1468, when in 1474 his sons Casimir II and Wenceslaus II as well as Jan V and Władysław again divided the Zator territory in two along the Skawa river.[1]
After the death of Casimir II in 1490 however both parts of the duchy were reunited, and in 1494 Jan V as the last surviving brother became its sole ruler.[citation needed] As Jan himself had no heirs, he decided in the same year to sell the duchy to King John I Albert of Poland, under a guarantee that he would remain duke until his death.[2][3] Jan was killed in 1513 and Zator was united with Poland. At the General sejm of 1564, King Sigismund II Augustus issued privileges of incorporation recognizing both Duchies of Oświęcim and Zator as part of the Polish Crown into the Silesian County of the Kraków Voivodeship, although the Polish kings retained both ducal titles and the name of the Duchy survived in the legal acts (it had however no special privileges).[4]
The lands of the former Duchy became part of the Habsburg monarchy after the First Partition of Poland in 1772. Though part of Austrian Galicia, Zator and Oświęcim from 1818 to 1866 belonged the German Confederation. Until 1918, the Emperor of Austria also called himself Duke of Zator as a part of his grand title.[citation needed]
When the Second Polish Republic was established in 1918, even the ducal title ceased to exist.[citation needed]
Dukes of Zator
The Dukes of Zator belonged to the Silesian branch of the Piast dynasty (see also Dukes of Silesia).
- 1434–1468 Wenceslaus I
- 1468–1490 Casimir II, from 1474 coregent with his brother
- 1468–1487 Wenceslaus II
- 1468–1494 Jan V, from 1474 coregent with his brother
Semi-officially from 1494 and officially from 1513 the duchy was part of the Kingdom of Poland.
Rulers claiming the title of Duke during Austrian partition of Poland
| Emperor | Acceded | Deceded |
| Joseph II | 1772 | 20 February 1790 |
| Leopold II | 20 February 1790 | 1 March 1792 |
| Francis I | 1 March 1792 | 2 March 1835 |
| Ferdinand I | 2 March 1835 | 2 December 1848 |
| Francis Joseph I | 2 December 1848 | 21 November 1916 |
| Charles I | 21 November 1916 | 11 November 1918 |
References
- ^ Żurek, Dorota (2014). "Początki zamku w Zatorze. Rezydencja biednych książąt" [The Beginnings of The Castle in Zator. The Residence of Poor Princes]. Wadoviana. Przegląd historyczno-kulturalny (in Polish) (17): 182–196. ISSN 1505-0181. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
- ^ Czechowski, Michael B. (Michael Belina) (1863). Poland: Sketch of her History. New York : Baker & Godwin. p. 49. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
- ^ Wolski, Kalikst (1883). Poland, her glory, her sufferings, her overthrow. London : Kerby & Endean. p. 103. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
- ^ Dembkowski, Harry E. (1982). The union of Lublin, Polish federalism in the golden age. Boulder : East European Monographs ; New York : Distributed by Columbia University Press. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-88033-009-1.
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Timeline of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
| Area | Zamość (Zamosch) | Lublin New Galicia | Kraków | Nowy Sącz (Neu Sandez) | Lviv (Lemberg/Lwów) | Ternopil (Tarnopol) | Chernivtsi (Czernowitz) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| before 1769 | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | Moldavia | |||||||||||
| 1769–1772 | to Austria, ca. 1769 | ||||||||||||
| 1772–1775 | First Partition of Poland, 1772 | First Partition of Poland, 1772 | |||||||||||
| 1775–1789 | Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria including the duchies of Auschwitz and Zator; part of the Habsburg Empire, 1772–1804; of the Austrian Empire, 1804–1867; of Cisleithania, Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918 | Bukovina Military District, 1775–1789 | |||||||||||
| 1789–1795 | Bukovina District, 1789–1849 | ||||||||||||
| 1795–1803 | Third Partition of Poland, 1795 New Galicia (or West Galicia) | ||||||||||||
| 1803–1809 | New Galicia merged into Galicia, 1803 | ||||||||||||
| 1809–1815 | Duchy of Warsaw, 1809–1815 | to Russia, 1809–1815 | |||||||||||
| 1815–1846 | "Congress" Kingdom of Poland, 1815–1918 | Free City of Cracow, 1815–1846 | |||||||||||
| 1846–1849 | Grand Duchy of Kraków, 1846–1918 | ||||||||||||
| 1849–1918 | Duchy of Bukovina, 1849–1918 | ||||||||||||
| 1918–1919 | Poland, 1918 | WUPR, Lemko, Komancza, 1918–1919 | Romania, 1918 | ||||||||||
| after 1919 | |||||||||||||
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 | Original |  | |
| Lower Silesia | |||
| Upper Silesia | |||
| Other | |||
49°59′47″N 19°26′17″E / 49.996389°N 19.438056°E / 49.996389; 19.438056
