EA-3443
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.110.337 |
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Formula | C19H27NO3 |
Molar mass | 317.429 g·mol−1 |
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EA-3443 is a potent and long lasting anticholinergic deliriant drug, related to the chemical warfare agent 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB). It was developed under contract to Edgewood Arsenal during the 1960s as part of the US military chemical weapons program, during research to improve upon the properties of earlier agents such as QNB.
The main advantages of EA-3443 were not only increased potency over QNB, but also a significantly improved central to peripheral effects ratio. Anticholinergic drugs produce both incapacitating deliriant effects through action in the brain, and a variety of distinctive physical symptoms such as dry mouth, dilated pupils, blurred vision and hot flushed skin, all of which together comprise the "anticholinergic syndrome" which is generally easy for doctors to diagnose. EA-3443 however is mainly selective for the brain, and when administered in a narrow dose range of around 0.3 mg can produce the central effects of confusion, hallucinations and amnesia, but without producing significant physical symptoms, which was predicted to make poisoning with EA-3443 much more difficult to diagnose and treat. However, despite these advantages, EA-3443 was never researched to the same extent as QNB or manufactured in bulk, and research into EA-3443 was discontinued along with the rest of the US chemical weapons program in the mid-1970s.[1][2]
See also
- EA-3167
- N-methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
- N-ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
- 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
- Ditran
References
- ^ Commission on Life Sciences (1982). "N-Methyl-4-piperidinyl-(phenylcyclopentyl)-glycolate (EA-3443)". Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Chemical Agents. Vol. 1. The National Academies Press. pp. 189–191. doi:10.17226/740. ISBN 978-0-309-07759-0. PMID 25032448.
- ^ Ketchum JS (2006). Chemical Warfare Secrets Almost Forgotten. A Personal Story of Medical Testing of Army Volunteers with Incapacitating Chemical Agents During the Cold War. ChemBooks Inc. ISBN 978-1-4243-0080-8.
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- Agents used in chemical warfare
- incapacitation
- riot control
- Cyanogen
- Cyanogen bromide
- Cyanogen chloride (CK)
- Hydrogen cyanide (AC)
- Arsine
- Cacodyl cyanide
- Cacodyl oxide
- Hydrogen sulfide
- Phosphine
- Carbon monoxide
- Phosphorus trifluoride
- Methyl cyanoformate
- Iron pentacarbonyl
- Nickel tetracarbonyl
- 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
- Glycolonitrile
- Lactonitrile
- Acetone cyanohydrin
- Stibine
- Chloral cyanohydrin
Arsenicals | |
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Sulfur mustards |
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Nitrogen mustards | |
Nettle agents |
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Other |
- Anatoxin-a
- Saxitoxin (TZ)
- Bungarotoxin
- Botulinum toxin (BTX)
- Tetanospasmin (TeNT)
- Ryanodine
- Ciguatoxin (CTX)
- Guanitoxin (GTX)
- Chlorophenylsilatrane
- Palytoxin (PTX)
- Maitotoxin (MTX)
- Tetrodotoxin
- Aconitine
- Brevetoxin (PbTX)
- Strychnine
- Antillatoxin (ATX)
- Tetraethyllead
- Dimethylmercury
- HN1 hydrochloride
- HN2 hydrochloride
- HN3 hydrochloride
- A-8564
- Picrotoxin
- Sulfuryl fluoride
- Tremorine
- Oxotremorine
- Batrachotoxin
- Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS)
- Bicyclic phosphates
- Cloflubicyne
- Trimethylolpropane phosphite
- Domoic acid
choking agents
- Chlorine
- Bromine
- Phosgene (CG)
- Fluorine
- Perfluoroisobutene
- Chloropicrin (PS)
- Dimethyl(trifluoromethylthio)arsine
- Diphosgene (DP)
- Disulfur decafluoride (Z)
- Acrolein
- Ethyl bromoacetate
- Perchloromethyl mercaptan
- Phenylcarbylamine chloride
- Tetranitromethane
- Tetrachlorodinitroethane
- Chlorine trifluoride
- Perchloryl fluoride
- Cadmium oxide
- Cadmium chloride
- Mercuric chloride
- Selenium dioxide
- Selenoyl fluoride
- Trifluoronitrosomethane
- Trichloronitrosomethane
- Nitric oxide
- Nitrogen dioxide
- Dinitrogen tetroxide
- Sulfur dioxide
- Phosphorus trichloride
- Methyl isocyanate
- Ethenone
- Methyl vinyl ketone
- Trifluoroacetyl chloride
- Salcomine
- Fluomine
- Uranium hexafluoride
- Diborane
- Green Cross
agents
- BZ (CS-4030)
- Apomorphine
- Butyrophenone
- EA-4941 (CS-4640)
- Etorphine
- EA-2092
- CS-4297
- Etoxadrol
- Dimethylheptylpyran (DMHP)
- EA-2148
- EA-3167
- EA-3443
- Pethidine
- EA-3580
- Ibogaine
- EA-3834
- Kolokol-1
- LSD-25
- PAVA spray
- Psilocybin
- Sleeping gas
- Carfentanil
- JB-318
- JB-336
- CS-27349
- CAR-226,086
- CAR-301,060
- CAR-302,196
- CAR-302,282
- CAR-302,668
- Benperidol
- Desflurane
- Enflurane
- Bufotenin
- Isoflurane
- Halothane
- Sevoflurane
- Pentazocine
- Procarbazine
- Fluphenazine
- Chlorpromazine
agents
- Xylyl bromide
- Pepper spray (OC)
- Mace (spray)
- CN
- CS
- CR
- CNS
- Benzyl chloride
- Benzyl bromide
- Benzyl iodide
- Bromobenzyl cyanide
- Thiophosgene
- Chloroacetone
- Bromoacetone
- Bromomethyl ethyl ketone
- Acrolein
- Phenacyl bromide
- Chloroacetophenone oxime
- Ethyl bromoacetate
- Ethyl iodoacetate
- Iodoacetone
- Allyl isothiocyanate
- Hexamethylene diisocyanate
- Crotonaldehyde
- Abrin
- Aconitine
- Cyclopiazonic acid
- Histrionicotoxins
- Aflatoxins
- Anatoxin-a
- Batrachotoxin
- Botulinum toxin
- Brevetoxin
- Ciguatoxin
- Domoic acid
- Enterotoxin type B
- Grayanotoxin
- Guanitoxin
- Maitotoxin
- Modeccin
- Palytoxin
- Ricin
- Saxitoxin
- Shiga toxin
- T-2 mycotoxin
- Tetanospasmin
- Tetrodotoxin
- Volkensin
- Veratridine
- Methyl fluoroacetate
- Napalm (variants and mixtures)
- Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate
- Depleted uranium
- post-combustion uranium oxides
- Plutonium and its compounds
- Polonium
- White phosphorus
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