Eastern yellow robin
Species of songbird native to eastern Australia
| Eastern yellow robin | |
|---|---|
 | |
| In Yengo National Park, New South Wales | |
Conservation status | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Infraorder: | Passerides |
| Family: | Petroicidae |
| Genus: | Eopsaltria |
| Species: | E. australis |
| Binomial name | |
| Eopsaltria australis (Shaw, 1790) | |
The eastern yellow robin (Eopsaltria australis) is an Australasian robin of coastal and sub-coastal eastern Australia. The extent of the eastern yellow robin's residence is from the extreme southeast corner of South Australia through most of Victoria and the western half of New South Wales and north as far as Cooktown. Tropical Northern Queensland birds are mainly restricted to the warm heights of the Great Dividing Range.
Taxonomy
The eastern yellow robin was first described by ornithologist George Shaw in 1790. Two subspecies are recognised: the northern yellow robin (subsp. chrysorrhoa) and the nominate or eastern (subsp. australis). The former was previously regarded as a separate species.
Alternatively, the eastern and western yellow robins were classified as a single species by Julian Ford in 1979 on account of similarities in calls, ecology and behaviour. Playback of one species' calls in the other's territory evoked a response.[2] Bird taxonomist Richard Schodde did not feel that this finding warranted the lumping of the two species, but did conclude that they formed a superspecies.[3] Two analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA of Australasian robins revealed that the divergence between the eastern and western yellow robin was consistent with species-level separation, confirming their status as distinct species.[4][5]
Like all Australian robins, it is not closely related to either the European robin or the American robin. It belongs to the genus Eopsaltria, whose Australian members are known colloquially as "yellow robins", as distinct from the "red robins" of the genus Petroica.
Description
At 15 to 16 cm (6 in) in length, the eastern yellow robin is one of the larger Australopithicus maximus robins, and one of the most easily observed. Pairs and small family parties establish a territory—sometimes year-round, sometimes for a season—and seem little disturbed by human presence. They appear not to migrate any great distance, but will make local movements with the seasons, particularly to higher and lower ground.
Distribution and habitat
The eastern yellow robin occupies a wide range of habitats: heaths, mallee, acacia scrub, woodlands, and sclerophyll forests, but is most often found in damper places or near water. Like all Australian robins, the eastern yellow robin tends to inhabit fairly dark, shaded locations, and is a perch and pounce hunter, typically from a tree trunk, wire, or low branch. Its diet includes a wide range of small creatures, mostly insects. Breeding takes place in the spring and, as with many Australian birds, is often communal. The nest is a neat cup made of fine plant material and spider web, usually placed in a fork, and expertly disguised with lichen, moss, bark, or leaves.
Gallery
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In Brunkerville, New South Wales -
Chicks in nest, central Victoria -
Gibraltar Range NP, New South Wales
References
- ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Eopsaltria australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22704849A93988481. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22704849A93988481.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ Ford, Julian (1979). "Speciation or Subspeciation in the Yellow Robins?". Emu. 79 (3): 103–06. Bibcode:1979EmuAO..79..103F. doi:10.1071/mu9790103.
- ^ Schodde, Richard; Mason, Ian J. (1999). The Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines. A Taxonomic and Zoogeographic Atlas of the Biodiversity of Birds in Australia and its Territories. Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. p. 365. ISBN 978-0-643-06456-0.
- ^ Loynes, Kate; Joseph, Leo; Keogh, J. Scott (2009). "Multi-locus phylogeny clarifies the systematics of the Australo-Papuan robins (Family Petroicidae, Passeriformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 53 (1): 212–19. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.012. PMID 19463962.
- ^ Christidis, L.; Irestedt, M.; Rowe, D.; Boles, W.E.; Norman, J.A. (2011). "Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA phylogenies reveal a complex evolutionary history in the Australasian robins (Passeriformes: Petroicidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 61 (3): 726–738. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.08.014. PMID 21867765.
Further reading
- Marchant, S; Higgins, P J (eds.). Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Vol. 1: Ratites to Ducks. Contributor: Stephen John Ambrose. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. pp. 770–788. ISBN 0-19-553244-9.
- Pavlova, A.; Amos, J. N.; Joseph, L.; Loynes, K.; Austin, J.; Keogh, S.; Stone, G. N.; Nicholls, J. A.; Sunnucks, P. (2013). "Perched at the mito-nuclear crossroads: Divergent mitochondrial lineages correlate with environment in the face of ongoing nuclear gene flow in an australian bird". Evolution. 67 (12): 3412–3428. doi:10.1111/evo.12107. PMID 24299397. S2CID 3224212.
- Morales, H.; Pavlova, A.; Joseph, L.; Sunnucks, P. (2015). "Positive and purifying selection in mitochondrial genomes of a bird with mitonuclear discordance". Molecular Ecology. 24 (11): 2820–2837. Bibcode:2015MolEc..24.2820M. doi:10.1111/mec.13203. PMID 25876460. S2CID 21524925.
- Hernan, M.; Pavlova, A.; Sunnucks, P.; Major, R.; Amos, N.; Joseph, L.; Wang, B.; Lemmon, A. R.; Endler, J. A.; Delhey, K. (2016). "Neutral and selective drivers of colour evolution in a widespread Australian passerine". Journal of Biogeography. 44 (3): 522–536. doi:10.1111/jbi.12942. hdl:10536/DRO/DU:30093011.
External links
Media related to Eopsaltria australis at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Eopsaltria australis at Wikispecies
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Petroicidae (Australasian robins)
- Greater ground robin (A. sclateriana)
- Lesser ground robin (A. incerta)
- Southern scrub robin (D. brunneopygia)
- Northern scrub robin (D. superciliaris)
- Papuan scrub robin (D. beccarii)
- Grey-headed robin (H. cinereifrons)
- Ashy robin (H. albispecularis)
- Black-chinned robin (P. brachyura)
- Black-sided robin (P. hypoleuca)
- Buff-sided robin (P. cerviniventris)
- White-browed robin (P. superciliosa)
- Black-throated robin (P. albonotata)
- Banded yellow robin (P. placens)
- Pale-yellow robin (T. capito)
- White-faced robin (T. leucops)
- Eastern yellow robin (E. australis)
- Western yellow robin (E. griseogularis)
- White-breasted robin (E. georgiana)
- Mangrove robin (P. pulverulenta)
- White-rumped robin (P. bimaculata)
- Smoky robin (P. cryptoleuca)
- Slaty robin (P. cyanus)
- White-winged robin (P. sigillata)
- Hooded robin (M. cucullata)
- Dusky robin (M. vittata)
- Green-backed robin (P. hattamensis)
- White-eyed robin (P. poliosoma)
- Garnet robin (E. rubra)
- Snow Mountains robin (P. archboldi)
- South Island robin (P. australis)
- Mountain robin (P. bivittata)
- Scarlet robin (P. boodang)
- Red-capped robin (P. goodenovii)
- North Island robin (P. longipes)
- Tomtit (P. macrocephala)
- Chatham tomtit (P. m. chathamensis)
- Pacific robin (P. pusilla)
- Norfolk robin (P. multicolor)
- Flame robin (P. phoenicea)
- Pink robin (P. rodinogaster)
- Rose robin (P. rosea)
- Black robin (P. traversi)
- Jacky winter (M. fascinans)
- Lemon-bellied flyrobin (M. flavigaster)
- Yellow-bellied flyrobin (M. flaviventris)
- Olive flyrobin (M. flavovirescens)
- Yellow-legged flyrobin (M. griseoceps)
- Golden-bellied flyrobin (M. hemixantha)
- Canary flyrobin (M. papuana)
- Torrent flyrobin (M. muelleriana)
