Emilian–Romagnol linguistic group

Emilian–Romagnol
Native to	Italy, San Marino
Region	Primarily Emilia-Romagna, Marche, San Marino
Native speakers	Unknown (4.4 million population): Sole or prevalent language of 10.5% Used alongside Italian by 28.3% (2006)[1]
Language family	Indo-European Italic Latino-Faliscan Romance Italo-Western Western Romance Gallo-Italic Emilian–Romagnol
Dialects	Emilian Romagnol
Language codes
ISO 639-3	(code eml deprecated in 2009)[2] Individual codes: egl – Emilian rgn – Romagnol
Glottolog	emil1243  Emiliano-Romagnolo
Linguasphere	51-AAA-ok
Emilian   Romagnol   transition between Emilian and Lombard
Emilian-Romagnol is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
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Emilian-Romagnol (Italian: emiliano-romagnolo) is a linguistic continuum that is part of the Gallo-Italic languages spoken in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna.^[3] It is divided into two main varieties, Emilian and Romagnol.

Description

As part of the Gallo-Italic languages, Emilian-Romagnol is most closely related to the Lombard, Piedmontese and Ligurian languages, all of which are spoken in neighboring regions.

Among other Gallo-Italic languages, Emilian-Romagnol is characterized by systematic raising and diphthongization of Latin stressed vowels in open syllables, as well as widespread syncope of unstressed vowels other than /a/ and use of vowel gradation in the formation of plurals and certain verb tenses.^[3]

Classification

While first registered under a single code in ISO standard 639-3, in 2009 this was retired in favour of two distinct codes for the two varieties, due to the cultural and literary split between the two parts of the region, making Emilian and Romagnol distinct ethnolinguistic entities.^[4] Since 2015, Emilian and Romagnol are considered, with separated entries, definitely endangered languages according to the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.^[5][6]

• Emilian
  • Carrarese dialect
  • Lunigianese dialect
  • Tortonese dialect
  • Pavese-Vogherese dialect, Oltrepò dialect
  • Placentine dialect, Bobbiese dialect
  • Modenese dialect, Carpesan dialect, Mirandolese dialect, Frignanese dialect
  • Reggio dialect, Guastallese dialect
  • Parmesan dialect
  • Casalmaggiore-Viadana dialect
  • Mantuan dialect
  • Lower Mantuan dialect
  • Bolognese dialect
    • Bologna city dialect
    • Mid-mountains dialects
    • Upper mountains dialects
    • Northern plains dialects
    • Eastern plains dialects
    • Western plains dialects
  • Ferrara dialect
    • Comacchio dialect

• Romagnol
  • Ravenna dialect
  • Forlì dialect
  • Cesena dialect
  • Rimini dialect
  • Sammarinese dialect
    • north-eastern (Serravallian)
    • south-western
    • south-eastern
• Gallo-Picene: classification is disputed. While generally considered close to Romagnol, being part of the Gallo-Italic group, some have suggested a third component of Emilian-Romagnol continuum
  • Urbinate dialect
  • Montefeltrin dialect
  • Pesarese dialect
  • Fanese dialect
  • Senigallia dialect
  • Conero Gallo-Italic dialects
  • Upper Tiber transitional dialects

Sample Text

Emilian-Romangol: Tot j essèri umèn i nàs lébri e cumpagn in dignità e dirét. Lou i è dutid ad rasoun e ad cuscinza e i à da operè, ognun ti cunfrunt at ch’j ilt, sa sentimint ad fratelènza.^[7]

English: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.^[8]

See also

Emiliano-Romagnolo edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

• Languages of Italy

References

• v
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Languages of Italy

Historical linguistic minorities: Albanian, Catalan, Croatian, French, Franco-Provençal, Friulian, Germanic, Greek, Ladin, Occitan, Romani, Sardinian, Slovene, Wenzhounese

Italo-Romance	Italian Regional Italian Tuscan Florentine Central Central-Northern Latian Marchigiano Romanesco Sabino Intermediate Southern (Neapolitan) Beneventano Barese Castelmezzanese Cilentan Cosentino Irpinian Arianese Molisan Southern Latian Tarantino Vastese Extreme Southern Central-Southern Calabrian Salentino Manduriano Sicilian Pantesco Other Italo-Dalmatian languages Corsican Gallurese Sassarese
Sardinian	Sardinian Campidanese Logudorese
Occitano-Romance	Catalan Algherese Occitan Vivaro-Alpine Mentonasc Niçard
Gallo-Romance	French Aostan Franco-Provençal Valdôtain Faetar Cellese
Gallo-Italic	Ligurian Brigasc Genoese Intemelio Monégasque Royasc Tabarchino Lombard Western Lombard Brianzöö dialects Canzés Bustocco and Legnanese Comasco-Lecchese dialects Comasco Laghée Vallassinese Lecchese Milanese Ticinese Ossolano Varesino Southwestern Lombard Pavese Novarese Cremunés Spasell Eastern Lombard Bergamasque Emilian–Romagnol Emilian Bolognese Parmigiano Romagnol Forlivese Other Gallo-Italic languages Gallo-Italic of Basilicata Gallo-Italic of Sicily Judeo-Italian Judaeo-Piedmontese Piedmontese
Venetian[a]	Venetian Fiuman Triestine
Rhaeto-Romance	Rhaeto-Romance Friulian Ladin Cadorino Fornes Nones

Albanian	Arbëresh language Arbëresh Vaccarizzo Albanian
South Slavic	Slovenian Brda Gail Valley Inner Carniolan Istrian Karst Natisone Valley Resian Torre Valley Serbo-Croatian Croatian Montenegrin Slavomolisano Triestine Serbian
Greek	Italiot Greek Calabrian Greek Griko
German	Bavarian Cimbrian Mòcheno Southern Bavarian South Tyrolean Other German dialects Austrian German Walser Yiddish
Others	Hebrew Italian Hebrew Italian Sign Language Romani Sinte Romani Wenzhounese

1. ^ Venetian is either grouped with the rest of the Italo-Dalmatian or the Gallo-Italic languages, depending on the linguist.

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