Extra-shortness
Extra-short duration of a speech sound (usually a vowel)
̆The International Phonetic Alphabet uses a breve ⟨ ˘ ⟩ to indicate a speech sound (usually a vowel) with extra-short duration. That is, [ă] is a very short vowel with the quality of [a]. An example from English is the short schwa of the word police [pə̆ˈliˑs].[1] This is typical of vowel reduction.
Before the 1989 Kiel Convention, the breve was used for a non-syllabic vowel (that is, part of a diphthong), which is now indicated by an inverted breve placed under the vowel letter, as in eye [aɪ̯]. It is also sometimes used for any flap consonants missing dedicated symbols in the IPA, since a flap is in effect a very brief stop.
References
- ^ International Phonetic Association (1999). Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Cambridge University Press. p. 23. ISBN 0521652367.
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Suprasegmentals
- Syllable
- Mora
- Metrical foot
- Vowel reduction
- Tone contour
- Pitch accent
- Register
- Downstep
- Upstep
- Downdrift
- Tone terracing
- Floating tone
- Tone sandhi
- Tone letter
- Secondary stress
- Vowel reduction
- Accent
- Chroneme
- Gemination
- Vowel length
- Extra-shortness
- Intonation (pitch)
- Pitch contour
- Pitch reset
- Stress
- Rhythm
- Loudness
- Prosodic unit
- Pausa
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