FOXK1

FOXK1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2A3S, 2D2W
Identifiers
Aliases	FOXK1, FOXK1L, forkhead box K1
External IDs	OMIM: 616302 MGI: 1347488 HomoloGene: 82414 GeneCards: FOXK1
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 7 (human)[1] Band 7p22.1 Start 4,682,295 bp[1] End 4,771,442 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2] Band 5 G2|5 81.53 cM Start 142,387,252 bp[2] End 142,447,766 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in cerebellar vermis internal globus pallidus pons middle temporal gyrus superior vestibular nucleus subthalamic nucleus Brodmann area 23 inferior ganglion of vagus nerve saphenous vein ventral tegmental area Top expressed in ascending aorta aortic valve Paneth cell ciliary body cumulus cell retinal pigment epithelium supraoptic nucleus secondary oocyte primitive streak submandibular gland More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function DNA-binding transcription factor activity DNA binding sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding protein binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific transcription cis-regulatory region binding DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Cellular component nucleus nucleoplasm cytoplasm Biological process regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated multicellular organism development muscle organ development negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated regulation of transcription, DNA-templated transcription, DNA-templated protein deubiquitination anatomical structure morphogenesis cell differentiation negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 221937 17425 Ensembl ENSG00000164916 ENSMUSG00000056493 UniProt P85037 P42128 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001037165 NM_010812 NM_199068 RefSeq (protein) NP_001032242 NP_951031 Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 4.68 – 4.77 Mb Chr 5: 142.39 – 142.45 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Forkhead box protein K1 is a transcription factor of the forkhead box family that in humans is encoded by the FOXK1 gene.^[5][6]

During starvation, in type 2 diabetes, in rapidly dividing cells during embryogenesis, in tumors (Warburg effect) and during T cell proliferation, aerobic glycolysis is induced to produce the building block to sustain growth. FOXK1 is one of the transcription factors managing the passage from the normal cellular respiration (complete glucose oxidation) to generating ATP and intermediaries for many other biochemical pathways.^[7]

FOXK1 and its closely relate sibling FOXK2 induce aerobic glycolysis by upregulating the enzymatic machinery required for this (for example, hexokinase-2, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase), while at the same time suppressing further oxidation of pyruvate in the mitochondria by increasing the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases 1 and 4. Together with suppression of the catalytic subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 this leads to increased phosphorylation of the E1α regulatory subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which in turn inhibits further oxidation of pyruvate in the mitochondria—instead, pyruvate is reduced to lactate. Suppression of FOXK1 and FOXK2 induce the opposite phenotype. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments, including studies of primary human cells, show how FOXK1 and/or FOXK2 are likely to act as important regulators that reprogram cellular metabolism to induce aerobic glycolysis.^[7]

References

Further reading

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