Forces for Renewal

Political party in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Forces for Renewal (French: Forces du Renouveau), generally still known by its original name RCD-Kisangani-Movement for Liberation (RCD/K-ML),^[1] is a political party in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The party originated as a breakaway faction of the rebel Rally for Congolese Democracy (RCD).

History

The RCD-K-ML was accorded 15 seats in the Transitional National Assembly and participated in the Transitional Government headed by Joseph Kabila.

Human Rights Watch has accused RCD-K-ML of conscripting child soldiers.^[2] They were also involved in the Ituri conflict.

Their leader, Antipas Mbusa came eleventh in the 2006 presidential elections with 96,503 votes and won 26 seats in the simultaneous election to the National Assembly. In the 2011 general election, the Forces for Renewal lost 20 seats in the National Assembly.

It won seven out of 108 seats in the indirect elections to the Senate.

It joined the government of Antoine Gizenga where Mbusa became Foreign Minister.

In 2022, the party condemned the violence during the anti-MONUSCO protests in the eastern DR Congo.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b "Le RCD/K-ML condamne les actes de violence contre les sites de la MONUSCO et en appelle à leur cessation immédiate". RadioOkapi. 27 July 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
^ CHILDREN ASSOCIATED WITH ARMED FORCES AND GROUPS Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, The Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict, 2006-01-31, accessed on 2007-02-11

Armed groups in the First and Second Congo Wars

National armies

Pro-government	Zaire (FAZ, under Mobuto Sese Seko / FARDC, after Mobutu) Angola (FAA, in Second War) Chad (FANT) Libya Namibia (NDF) Sudan Zimbabwe (ZNA)
Anti-government	Angola (FAA, in First War) Burundi (FAB) Rwanda (RPF/RDF) Uganda (UPDF)

Militias and
rebel groups

Rwanda-aligned	AFDL (Rwanda-Uganda backed alliance) Rally for Congolese Democracy (RCD) RCD–Goma Banyamulenge (ethnic Tutsis in South Kivu) RCD-Congo (faction of RCD-Goma created in 2002)
Uganda-aligned	Movement for the Liberation of Congo (MLC, created in 1998) RCD-Kisangani/Mouvement de Libération (RCD-K/ML or "RCD-Wamba", created 1999) RCD-National (RCD-N, split from RCD-K/ML) Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC) Front de Libération du Congo (FLC, formed from the MLC, RCD-N and RCD-ML from 2000 to 2001)
Anti-government, other	Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) National Union for Total Independence of Angola (UNITA, in Second War) CODECO (in Ituri)
Anti-Rwanda	Interahamwe Rassemblement Démocratique pour le Rwanda (RDR, successor organization to the Interahamwe) Army for the Liberation of Rwanda (ALiR, successor to RDR in 1997) Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR, created in 2000)
Anti-Uganda	Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) Nationalist and Integrationist Front (FNI)
Anti-Burundi	National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD) National Liberation Front (FLN/FROLINA)
Government-aligned, other	Mai-Mai National Union for Total Independence of Angola (UNITA, in First War) White Legion (First Congo War)

United Nations

MONUSCO

Alliances sometimes changed dramatically over the course of the wars. Some groups may be associated with multiple, ostensibly opposed factions.

v t e Political parties in Democratic Republic of the Congo
Major parliamentary parties	Alliance of the Presidential Majority People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy Movement for the Liberation of the Congo Social Movement for Renewal Future of Congo Forces for Renewal Congolese Rally for Democracy Coalition of Congolese Democrats Convention of Christian Democrats Union of Mobutuist Democrats Camp of the Fatherland Federalist Christian Democracy – Convention of Federalists for Christian Democracy Christian Democrat Party Union of Federalist Nationalists of Congo Union for the Nation Movement for the Liberation of the Congo Union for Congo's Reconstruction Rally of Congolese Democrats and Nationalists Convention for the Republic and Democracy Unified Lumumbist Party Together for the Republic
Major boycotting party	Union for Democracy and Social Progress
Portal:Politics List of political parties Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo