Frank Ravele : Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Frank Ravele

Venda king and president

Frank Ravele

2nd President of Venda
In office 17 April 1988 – 5 April 1990 Acting: 17 April 1988 – 10 May 1988
Preceded by	Patrick Mphephu
Succeeded by	Gabriel Ramushwana (Head of State [Chairman of the Council of National Unity])

Personal details
Born	Frank Ndwakhulu Ravele 1926 Old Mauluma, Transvaal, Union of South Africa
Died	1999(1999-00-00) (aged 72–73)
Political party	National Party of Venda

Chief Frank Ndwakhulu Ravele (1926–1999) was the second president of the bantustan of Venda, which was granted nominal independence from South Africa on 13 September 1979.^[1]

Ravele became president on 17 April 1988, after the death of Chief Patrick Mphephu, the first president of Venda;^[2] he served in acting capacity until 10 May. Previously, Ravele served in the cabinet as finance minister. When violent strikes and riots broke out in early 1990, he was overthrown on 5 April in a bloodless coup by General Gabriel Ramushwana, then chief of staff of the Venda Defence Force.^[3]

References

^ "Venda | South African History Online". www.sahistory.org.za.
^ "Patrick Mphephu, Homeland Leader, 63". The New York Times. 21 April 1988. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
^ "Security forces stage coup in S. African homeland". UPI Archives. 5 April 1990. Retrieved 18 October 2020.

Political offices
Preceded by Patrick Mphephu	President of Venda 1988–1990	Succeeded by Gabriel Ramushwana as Head of State (Chairman of the Council of National Unity)

Apartheid Bantustans in South Africa and South West Africa

South Africa

Nominal independence	Bophuthatswana Ciskei Transkei Venda
Self-governance	Gazankulu KaNgwane KwaNdebele KwaZulu Lebowa QwaQwa

South West Africa

Self-governance	East Caprivi Kavangoland Ovamboland
No self-governance	Bushmanland Damaraland Hereroland Kaokoland Namaland Rehoboth Tswanaland
Post-1980	Coloureds Whites

Leaders and Administrators

Bophuthatswana

Head of State:	Lucas Mangope (1968–94) Rocky Malebane-Metsing (Feb 1988)
Administrator:	Tjaart van der Walt and Job Mokgoro (Mar–Apr 1994)

Bushmanland

No central government established

Ciskei

Head of State:	Lennox Sebe (1981–90) Oupa Gqozo (1990–94)
Administrator:	Pieter van Rensburg Goosen and Bongani Blessing Finca (Mar–Apr 1994)

Damaraland

Head of State:	Justus ǁGaroëb (1980–89)

Kaokoland

No central government established

Namaland

Head of State:	Cornelius Cloete (1980–85) Daniel Luipert (1985–89)

Rehoboth

Head of State:	Johannes "Hans" Diergaardt (1979–89)

Transkei

Head of State:	Botha Sigcau (1976–78) Zwelibanzi Maneli Mabandla (1978–79) Kaiser Matanzima (1979–86) Tutor Ndamase (1986–94)
Administrator:	Bantu Holomisa (1987–94) (Head of Military Council)

Tswanaland

Head of State:	Constance Kgosiemang (1980–89)

Venda

Head of State:	Patrick Mphephu (1978–88) Frank Ravele (1988–90) Gabriel Ramushwana (1990–94) Tshamano Ramabulana (Jan–Apr 1994)

East Caprivi

Chief Minister:	Josiah Moraliswane (Mar–Sept 1976) Richard Muhinda Mamili (1976–81)
Chairman:	Josiah Moraliswane (1981–84) H.J. Becker (Jul–Aug 1984) F.P.J. Visagie (1984–86) I.J. van der Merwe (Mar–Aug 1986) A. G. Visser (1986–89)

Gazankulu

Chief Minister:	Hudson William Edison Ntsanwisi (1973–93) Edward Mhinga (Mar–Apr 1993) Samuel Dickenson Nxumalo (1993–94)

Hereroland

Chairman:	Hosea Kutako (1968–70) Clemens Kapuuo (1970–78) Kuaima Riruako (1978–80) Thimoteus Tjamuaha (1980–84) Erastus Tjejamba (1987–88) Gottlob Mbaukua (1984–89)

KaNgwane

Chief Minister:	Enos John Mabuza (1970–81, 1984–91) Mangisi Cephas Zitha (1991–94)
Administrator:	N.J. Badenhorst (June–Dec 1982) Enos John Mabuza (1982–84)

Kavangoland

Chief Minister:	Linus Shashipapo (1973–77) Alfons Shashipapo (1977–81) Sebastian Kamwanga (1981–89)

KwaNdebele

Chief Minister:	Simon Skosana (1981–86) Klaas Mtshiweni (Nov 1986) George Majozi Mahlangu (1986–89) Jonas Masana Mabena (1989–90) James Mahlangu (1990–94)