Frexalimab

Monoclonal antibody

US DailyMed: Abelacimab
US FDA: Abelacimab

Investigational

IdentifiersChemSpider

none

KEGG

D10821^Y

Frexalimab (SAR441344) is a second-generation monoclonal antibody that inhibits CD40 ligand. It is in development by Sanofi for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

References

^ Carvalho, Thiago (5 July 2023). "Anti-CD40L antibody frexalimab slows new brain lesions in multiple sclerosis". Nature Medicine. 29 (8): 1882–1883. doi:10.1038/d41591-023-00060-4.
^ Niebel, Dennis; de Vos, Luka; Fetter, Tanja; Brägelmann, Christine; Wenzel, Jörg (July 2023). "Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: An Update on Pathogenesis and Future Therapeutic Directions". American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 24 (4): 521–540. doi:10.1007/s40257-023-00774-8. PMC 10157137.
^ Ritter, Jacob; Chen, Yidan; Stefanski, Ana-Luisa; Dörner, Thomas (November 2022). "Current and future treatment in primary Sjögren's syndrome – A still challenging development". Joint Bone Spine. 89 (6): 105406. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2022.105406.
^ Fadul, Camilo E.; Mao-Draayer, Yang; Ryan, Kathleen A.; Noelle, Randolph J.; Wishart, Heather A.; Channon, Jacqueline Y.; Kasper, Isaac R.; Oliver, Brant; Mielcarz, Daniel W.; Kasper, Lloyd H. (November 2021). "Safety and Immune Effects of Blocking CD40 Ligand in Multiple Sclerosis". Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation. 8 (6): e1096. doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000001096. PMC 8527364.
^ Vial, G.; Gensous, N.; Duffau, P. (October 2021). "L'axe CD40-CD40L : implications actuelles et futures en immunologie clinique". La Revue de Médecine Interne. 42 (10): 722–728. doi:10.1016/j.revmed.2021.02.005.
^ Cree, Bruce A.C.; Hartung, Hans-Peter; Barnett, Michael (June 2022). "New drugs for multiple sclerosis: new treatment algorithms". Current Opinion in Neurology. 35 (3): 262–270. doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000001063.

Demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system

Signs and symptoms

Ataxia
Depression
Diplopia
Dysarthria
Dysphagia
Fatigue
Incontinence
Nystagmus
Optic neuritis
Pain
Uhthoff's phenomenon

Investigations and diagnosis

Clinical
- Clinically isolated syndrome
- Expanded Disability Status Scale
Serological and CSF
- Oligoclonal bands
Radiological
Frexalimab

Approved treatment

Other treatments

Former
- Daclizumab
Multiple sclerosis research

Demyelinating diseases

Autoimmune	Neuromyelitis optica Diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis MOG antibody disease Multiple sclerosis Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Inflammatory	Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis Balo concentric sclerosis Marburg acute multiple sclerosis Neuromyelitis optica Diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis Tumefactive multiple sclerosis Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Hereditary	Adrenoleukodystrophy Alexander disease Canavan disease Krabbe disease Metachromatic leukodystrophy Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts CAMFAK syndrome
Other	Central pontine myelinolysis Marchiafava–Bignami disease Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome

Other

Immunosuppressive drugs / Immunosuppressants (L04)

Intracellular
(initiation)

Antimetabolites	purine synthesis inhibitors Azathioprine Mycophenolic acid dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors Leflunomide Teriflunomide antifolate Methotrexate
Macrolides/ other IL-2 inhibitors	FKBP/Cyclophilin/Calcineurin Ciclosporin Pimecrolimus Tacrolimus Voclosporin Abetimus Gusperimus
IMiDs	Lenalidomide Pomalidomide Thalidomide PDE4 inhibitor Apremilast

Intracellular
(reception)

IL-1 receptor antagonists	Anakinra
mTOR	Sirolimus Everolimus Ridaforolimus Temsirolimus Umirolimus Zotarolimus

Extracellular

Antibodies

Monoclonal

Serum target (noncellular)	Complement component 5 Eculizumab TNF Adalimumab Afelimomab Certolizumab pegol Golimumab Infliximab Nerelimomab Interleukin Anakinra Basiliximab Bimekizumab Briakinumab Brodalumab Canakinumab Daclizumab Guselkumab Ixekizumab Netakimab Olokizumab Rilonacept Risankizumab Sarilumab Satralizumab Secukinumab Siltuximab Sirukumab Spesolimab Tildrakizumab Tocilizumab Ustekinumab Interleukin 5 Mepolizumab Immunoglobulin E Omalizumab Interferon Faralimomab IL-6 Elsilimomab IL-12 and IL-23 Lebrikizumab Ustekinumab IL-17A Secukinumab
Cellular target	CD3 Muromonab-CD3 Otelixizumab Teplizumab Visilizumab CD4 Clenoliximab Keliximab Zanolimumab CD11a Efalizumab CD18 Erlizumab CD20 Obinutuzumab Ocrelizumab Pascolizumab Rituximab Ublituximab CD23 Gomiliximab Lumiliximab CD40 Teneliximab Toralizumab CD62L/L-selectin Aselizumab CD80 Galiximab CD147/Basigin Gavilimomab CD154 Ruplizumab Frexalimab BLyS Belimumab CAT Bertilimumab Lerdelimumab Metelimumab Integrin Natalizumab Vedolizumab Interleukin-6 receptor Tocilizumab LFA-1 Odulimomab IL-2 receptor/CD25 Basiliximab Daclizumab Inolimomab T-lymphocyte (Zolimomab aritox)
Unsorted	Alemtuzumab Anifrolumab Atorolimumab Begelomab Cedelizumab Emapalumab Fontolizumab Inebilizumab Maslimomab Morolimumab Ofatumumab Pexelizumab Reslizumab Rovelizumab Siplizumab Talizumab Telimomab aritox Teprotumumab Vapaliximab Vepalimomab

Polyclonal

-cept (Fusion)

CTLA-4
- Abatacept
- Belatacept
TNF inhibitor
- Etanercept
- Opinercept
Aflibercept
Alefacept
Rilonacept

Unsorted

Monoclonal antibodies for the immune system

Immune system

Human	Immunosuppression: Abrilumab Adalimumab^# Anifrolumab Atorolimumab Avelumab Avdoralimab Belimumab Bleselumab Brodalumab Camidanlumab tesirine Carlumab Cemiplimab Dupilumab Eldelumab Emapalumab Fresolimumab Golimumab Ianalumab^† Lanadelumab Lenzilumab Lerdelimumab Lirentelimab Lirilumab Mavrilimumab Metelimumab Morolimumab Namilumab Oleclumab Oxelumab§ Pamrevlumab Placulumab Relatlimab^† Sarilumab Sifalimumab Tabalumab Tezepelumab Ulocuplumab Varlilumab Immune activation: Ipilimumab Durvalumab Nivolumab Tremelimumab Urelumab Other: Bertilimumab Ontamalimab Zanolimumab Combination: Nivolumab/relatlimab
Mouse	Afelimomab Elsilimomab Faralimomab Gavilimomab Inolimomab Maslimomab Nerelimomab Odulimomab Telimomab aritox Vepalimomab Zolimomab aritox
Chimeric	Andecaliximab^† Basiliximab Clenoliximab Galiximab Gomiliximab Infliximab Keliximab Lumiliximab Priliximab Teneliximab Vapaliximab
Humanized	Immunosuppressive: Apolizumab^§ Aselizumab Atezolizumab Benralizumab Camrelizumab^† Cedelizumab Certolizumab pegol Crizanlizumab Daclizumab Eculizumab Efalizumab^‡ Epratuzumab Erlizumab Etrolizumab^† Fontolizumab Frexalimab^† Inebilizumab Itolizumab Lampalizumab^† Letolizumab Ligelizumab^† Lulizumab pegol Mepolizumab Mogamulizumab Natalizumab Ocrelizumab Omalizumab Ozoralizumab Pascolizumab Pateclizumab Pembrolizumab Pexelizumab Pidilizumab Plozalizumab PRO 140^† Quilizumab Ravulizumab Reslizumab Retifanlimab Rontalizumab Rovelizumab Ruplizumab Samalizumab Satralizumab Siplizumab Spartalizumab^† Talizumab Teclistamab Teplizumab Tislelizumab Tocilizumab Toralizumab Tregalizumab Vatelizumab Vedolizumab Visilizumab Vobarilizumab TGN1412^§ Immune activation: Dostarlimab Other: Ibalizumab
Chimeric + humanized	Otelixizumab Rozanolixizumab Sutimlimab

Interleukin

Human	Bermekimab Brazikumab Briakinumab Canakinumab Fezakinumab Fletikumab Guselkumab Secukinumab Sirukumab Tralokinumab Ustekinumab
Humanized	Anrukinzumab Bimekizumab Clazakizumab Gevokizumab Ixekizumab Mirikizumab^† Lebrikizumab Olokizumab^† Perakizumab Risankizumab Spesolimab Tildrakizumab
Veterinary	Lokivetmab