Future of rail transport in India

Overview of Indian programme to upgrade railways

The Indian Government is undertaking several initiatives to upgrade its aging railway infrastructure and enhance its quality of service. The Railway Ministry has announced plans to invest ₹5,400,000 crore (equivalent to ₹57 trillion or US$720 billion in 2023) to upgrade the railways by 2030.[1] Upgrades include 100% electrification of railways, upgrading existing lines with more facilities and higher speeds, expansion of new lines, upgrading railway stations, introducing and eventually developing a large high-speed train network interconnecting major cities in different parts of India and development of various dedicated freight corridors to cut down cargo costs within the country.

The Research Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO) is undertaking all research, designs and standardisation work for modernisation, National High Speed Rail Corporation Limited (NHSRCL) is overlooking the implementation of high-speed train programs across the country, Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India (DFCCI) is the agency undertaking development of freight corridors around the country and Indian Railway Stations Development Corporation (IRSDC) is engaged in railway stations upgrade and development programs.

Trains

Vande Bharat trains have set a new record of 183km/hr speed in trails

Semi-high-speed rail

A semi-high-speed rail network will be introduced for connecting important routes, including Delhi–Agra, Delhi–Kanpur, Chennai–Hyderabad, Nagpur–Secunderabad, Mumbai–Pune–Solapur–Hyderabad and Mumbai–Goa. Initially, the trains will operate at a maximum speed of 160 km/h, which will be increased to 200 km/h after the rails are strengthened and fenced off. The Gatimaan Express began services on April 5, 2016, after safety clearances were obtained on its first route.[2][3] Currently, Vande Bharat Express is the fastest train running on 51 routes with highest trail speed of 183 km/h, with potential of reaching upto 200 km/h.[4]

Mission Raftaar was announced in the Railway Budget of 2016-17 with the target of increasing the average speed of freight and superfast mail/express trains.The railway is focusing on the New Delhi-Mumbai and New Delhi-Howrah routes as part of the Golden Quadrilateral. Mission Raftar compromises several measures have been taken to achieve the medium- and long-term goals of Mission Raftaar, including the construction of tracks, bridges, rail flyovers, bypasses, right-powering of trains, third and fourth line construction, replacement of conventional loco-hauled trains by MEMUs, changes in timetable, and modification of the 1×25 KV traction system to the 2×25 KV traction system, among others.[5][6]

The country has made target of having 4,500 Vande Bharat trains running across India by 2047.[7] Indian Railways have planned to introduce Vande Bharat trains in inner parts of India such as Ranchi-Puri, Raipur-Ranchi, Indore-Pune, Raipur-Varanasi, Pune-Goa, Goa-Mysore, Gokarna-Bangalore, Indore-Lucknow to increase connectivity and economic development.[8][9] Indian Railways will soon start the upgradation of tracks with high strength rails (R-350).The railways has started the work to increase the design speed limit of the next-generation Vande Bharat sleeper trains to 220 kmph and work has also started to improve the Delhi-Mumbai and Delhi-Howrah lines to allow trains to run at 160 km/h.[10]

Dedicated freight corridors(dfc)

Dedicated freight corridors of 3,300 km length will also be completed thus freeing the dual use high demand trunk routes for running more high-speed passenger trains.[11] The project will continue to figure on the high priority list of all the government agencies associated with it. DFCs will help India reduce its high logistics costs from some 13-15 per cent of the GDP and help it move towards the target of 8 per cent.[12]

Till date in the commissioned sections, a total of 4000 trains have been run. Some of the trains in the section are achieving the average speed of 99.38 kmph in EDFC and the average speed is 89.50 kmph in WDFC.[13][14][15] Passenger train such as Vande Bharat Express have already ran on DFC tracks during exigencies.[16][17]

High-speed rail

The Indian government conducted joint surveys with a Japanese government team in 2014, finally approving a corridor between Mumbai and Ahmedabad. The new high-speed service will use a Japanese Shinkansen system and rolling stock. The cost of procuring the technology is estimated to be around ₹110,000 crore (US$14 billion). India and Japan signed agreements for the project in December 2015; the Japanese government will fund 81% of the total cost with a soft loan fixed at a nominal interest rate.[18] A special committee has recommended the trains be run on an elevated corridor for an additional cost of ₹10,000 crore (US$1 billion), to avoid the difficulties of acquiring land, building underpasses and constructing protective fencing.[19] Indian Railways will operate the corridor for a five-year period after its commissioning and afterwards will be turned over to a private operator.[20]

Construction work of the corridor began in 2017 and will be completed by 2028.[21] However, there is uncertainty in other routes as many of the routes have been junked as unfeasible.[22]

Rolling stock

Modern locomotive factories

In 2015, plans were disclosed for the construction of two locomotive factories with foreign partnerships in the state of Bihar, at Madhepura (electric) and at Marhowra (diesel). The diesel locomotive works will be jointly operated in a partnership with General Electric, which has invested ₹2,052 crore (US$257 million) for its construction and the electric locomotive works with Alstom, which has invested ₹1,293.57 crore (US$162 million). The factories will provide IR with 800 electric locomotives of 12,000 horsepower and a mix of 1,000 diesel locomotives of 4,500 and 6,000 horsepower each.[23] In November 2015, it was announced IR and GE would engage in an 11-year joint venture in which GE would hold a majority stake of 74%. IR would purchase 100 goods locomotives a year for 10 years, beginning in 2017; the locomotives would be modified versions of the GE Evolution series.[24] The diesel locomotive works will be built by 2018; GE will import the first 100 locomotives and manufacture the remaining 900 in India from 2019 onwards, also assuming responsibility for their maintenance over a 13-year period.[25][needs update] In the same month, a ₹20,000 crore (US$3 billion) partnership with Alstom to supply 800 electric locomotives from 2018 to 2028 was announced.[26]

Indian Railways is now moving to manufacturing high-end aluminium self-propelled 160 km/hour indigenous Make in India coaches that require no locomotive and are 10% cheaper than the comparable imports. The first such self-propelled train, Vande Bharat Express, was rolled out in October 2018. It is estimated to be 40% cheaper than foreign-built trains.[27]

Railway coach refurbishment

Railway coach refurbishment project aims for the refurbishment of 12 to 15 years old coaches at Carriage Rehabilitation Workshop in Bhopal to enhance passenger amenities and fire safety measures.[28][29]

Bio-toilets in all trains

In 2014, IR and DRDO developed a bio-toilet to replace direct-discharge toilets, which was the primary type of toilet used in railway coaches.[30] Upgrade of all trains to bio-toilet was completed by the end of fy2018-19 (c. Dec 2017).[31]

The direct discharge of human waste from trains onto the tracks corrodes rails, costing IR tens of millions of rupees a year in rail-replacement work. Flushing a bio-toilet discharges human waste into an underfloor holding tank where anaerobic bacteria remove harmful pathogens and break the waste down into neutral water and methane, which can then be harmlessly discharged onto the tracks.[30] IR plans to completely phase out direct-discharge toilets by 2020 or 2021. All-new coaches were installed in 2016, with older rolling stock to gradually becoming retrofitted. After Comptroller and Auditor General of India found 200,000 complaints related to the foul smelling and blocked bio-toilets, IR announced that it will add 80,000 bio-toilets (each costing INR 1 lakh) in fy2018-2019 and will start installing much improved "vacuum bio-toilets" (each costing INR 2.5 lakh) as well.[32] By Feb 2018, over 100,000 biotoilets have been installed and the project is on target to have 100% biotoilets by 31 March 2019.[33]

Hyperloop

Mumbai–Pune hyperloop

Mumbai–Pune hyperloop is a proposed 1000 km/h Hyperloop system that will take 14 minutes compared to current 3 hours to commute between these two cities while carrying 10,000 commuters per hour (5,000 in each direction). The route is found feasible and can be made operational by 2026 as per the Detailed Project Report (DPR) submitted to "Pune Metropolitan Region Development Authority" (PMRDA) by "Virgin Hyperloop company" in January 2018. Commuters and cargo will travel in pods traveling in the near-vacuum tubes at the speed of 1,000 km/h. DPR provided three feasible terminal end-points options in Mumbai, namely Dadar, Santacruz and the international airport. Currently, 300,000 people commute between these two cities daily in 110,000 vehicles (including 80,000 cars and 6,000 buses).[34] (as of Jan 2018)

Infrastructure

Stations

Station redevelopment

Under a INR 1 trillion initiative,[35] 600[35] railway stations will be redeveloped by monetizing 2700 acres of spare railway land under the ₹1,070,000 crore (US$134 billion) plan undertaken by Indian Railway Stations Development Corporation by converging it with the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation and Smart Cities Mission in collaboration with Ministry of Urban Development, Rail Land Development Authority and National Buildings Construction Corporation. Following monetization of land, ₹680,000 crore (US$85 billion) will be used for the commercial development, ₹280,000 crore (US$35 billion) for station redevelopment and the remaining ₹110,000 crore (US$14 billion) as surplus with the Railways. Initially A1 and A category stations will be prioritised.[36] To begin with 22 stations will be developed by end of 2018.[31]

Under Amrit Bharat Station Scheme, invited proposals in February 2023 for redeveloping 2000 stations over next decade, including the Gandhinagar railway station, Banaras railway station , Chandigarh railway station, Bijwasan railway station and Anand Vihar railway station costing Rs140 crore, Rs310 crore and Rs206 crore respective.[35]

Tracks

Dedicated freight corridors

There are 2 under implementation and 4 approved DFCs with many more planned. DFC will convert existing and implement new DFC as High-speed rail corridors of India. [11]

Geostrategic border rail lines

Ministry of Defence (MoD) a list of at least 15 new geostrategic rail lines to be constructed. In 2012, MoD had identified following 14 geostrategic new rail lines to be built near China, Pakistan and Nepal border for the rapid and easier deployment of troops while simultaneously undertaking development of 73 similar geostrategic India-China Border Roads (ICBR) roads as border rail and road transport development in India is lagging much behind China:[37][38] China has built lines up to Shigatse in Tibet, with plans to connect it to Nepal and further to India.[38] After these lines proposed by MoD in 2013, GoI approved the initial surveys of all 14 lines in 2014,[39] of which at least 12 surveys had been already completed by 2014.[37] Later additional "Bilaspur–Manali–Leh line" was also added to the list of strategic lines.[40]

In 2016, the "Final Location Survey" (FLS) at the cost of INR345 crore for 4 lines to be taken up in the first phase was approved by the Cabinet, funding has been already provided by MoD and railway is undertaking survey of Missamari–Tenga–Tawang, Bilaspur–Manali–Leh, Pasighat–Tezu–Rupai and Lakhimpur–Bame–Silapathar lines.[40][41] Undulating terrain of young Himalayas and difficult geological conditions affect the pace of survey.[42][38]

As of July 2020, Cabinet approval for the funding for construction of any of these lines has not been granted yet.

Phase Line[39] length Border State FLS Cabinet construction funding approval Construction status Comment
Phase-I[40][41] Murkongselek–Pasighat–Tezu–Rupai line 227 km[40][41] China (Eastern sector) Arunachal Pradesh, Assam Yes No Not commenced Map
Missamari–Tenga–Tawang line 378 km[40][41] China, Bhutan (Eastern sector) Arunachal Pradesh, Assam Yes No Not commenced Map
Lakhimpur–Along–Silapathar line 249 km[40][41] China (Eastern sector) Arunachal Pradesh, Assam Yes No Not commenced Map
Bhanupli–Manali–Leh line 498 km[40][41] China, Pakistan (Western sector) Himachal Pradesh, Ladakh Yes No Not commenced Map
Srinagar–Kargil–Leh line China, Pakistan (Western sector) Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir ? No Not commenced Map
Pathankot–Leh line China, Pakistan (Western sector) Ladakh, Punjab No No Not commenced Map
Dehradun–Uttarkashi line (Gangotri) China (Central sector) Uttarakhand Completed Yes Under construction, see Char Dham Railway. Map
Rishikesh–Karanprayag line (via Chamoli) (Central sector) Uttarakhand Completed Yes Under construction, also see Char Dham Railway. Map
Tanakpur–Jauljibi line Nepal (Central sector) Uttarakhand No No Not commenced Map
Tanakpur–Bageshwar line (Central sector) Uttarakhand No No Not commenced Map
Jammu–Akhnoor–Poonch line (Western sector) Jammu and Kashmir No No Not commenced Map
Patti–Ferozepur line Pakistan (Western sector) Punjab No No Not commenced Map
Anupgarh–Chattargarh–Motigarh–Bikaner line Pakistan (Western sector) Rajasthan No No Not commenced Map
Jodhpur–Agolai–Shergarh–Phalsund line Pakistan (Western sector) Rajasthan No No Not commenced Map
Jodhpur–Jaisalmer line doubling Pakistan (Western sector) Rajasthan Yes Map

Following projects along the LAC with China are also of relevance, only one of these is included in the MoD's list of strategically important defence projects, however all of these have been declared projects of strategic national importance.

Track gauge conversion

Indian Railways is converting its entire network to 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge to enhance viability. New and converted broad gauge tracks are being introduced at the rate of 7.7 km per day. IR has projected completion date of the same till 2022.[47][48][49][50]

Track electrification

Electrification of all routes to save on the imported fuel costs and improve running speed, IR launched "Mission Electrification" in 2017 to electrify 100% or the remaining 38,000 km of the broad gauge network in five years from fy2017-18 to fy2022-23,[51] Railways annual fuel bill is ₹32,000 crore (US$4.01 billion or €3.92 billion), including ₹20,000 crore (US$2.50 billion or €2.45 billion) on diesel and converting to 100% electricity will save ₹10,000 crore (US$1.25 billion or €1.23 billion) by bringing the total fuel bill to ₹22,000 crore (US$2.76 billion or €2.70 billion) (c. Dec 2017).[52][51] Completion of electrification at the end of March 2024 was 45,881 km (28,509 mi) or 94.44%.[53]

Doubling of tracks

Doubling of tracks to reduce congestion and delays while improving safety. 15,000 km double tracks already exist by 2016 and funding for 12,500 km more track doubling was approved in 2016.[50] In fy2018-19 budget, 18,000 km of broad gauge track doubling and conversion was approved along with 36,000 km of track renewal for safety.[54]

Track renewal

In FY 2018-19 budget, 36,000 km of broad gauge renewal was approved to enhance the safety.[54]

Power and fuel

Off-the-grid solar-powered trains

Off-the-grid solar powered trains by installing 1 gigawatt of solar and 130 megawatts of wind power between 2017 and 2022.[55][56] India introduced world's first solar powered train in June 2017 as well as 50 coaches with rooftop solar farms.[57] In July 2017, IR rolled out its first DEMU train with rooftop solar panels that power the lights, fans and information display systems inside passenger coaches.[58]

Rooftop solar electricity

Rooftop solar electricity at stations to reduce long-term fuel cost and protect the environment.[59]

Traintop solar electricity

In 2017, first train with solar rooftop panels started. Increasingly more trains will be operated with renewal onboard solar electricity generation.

LED lighting

Sustainable LED lighting on all stations by March 2018 to cut electricity costs (Dec 2017).[60]

Safety

Elimination of unmanned level crossings on broad gauge network

Target completion date for this is March 2020.[54] Fy2017-18 has allocated funds to eliminate remaining 4,267 unmanned railway crossings on broad gauge routes in the next two years by March 2020.[54] A ₹100,000 crore (US$13 billion) "National Rail Safety Fund," for a complete safety upgrade by 2022, was announced in the 2017 Union Budget; among other improvements, the program would eliminate unmanned level crossings by March 2020.[61] Elimination of Unmanned Level Crossings at an average of 1217 per year by building an average of 1066 Road Over Bridges (ROB) and Road Under Bridges (RUB) per year (May 2016).[62][50]

Automated fog pilot assistance system

GPS-enabled Fog Pilot Assistance System railway signalling devices, old practice of putting firecrackers on train tracks to alert train divers was done away with by initially installing 6,095 devices in four most affected zones in 2017, Northern Railway zone, North Central Railway zone, North Eastern Railway zone and North Western Railway zone.[63]

Automated fire alarm system

Automated fire alarm system project started from 2013 when improved automated fire alarm System in Rajdhani Express trains were installed, these will be installed in the AC coaches of all regular trains.[64]

CCTV camera on stations

963 stations will have CCTV camera by the end of 2018.[31] Progressively CCTV cameras and wifi will be installed on all trains and stations.[54]

CCTV camera inside trains

IR has started to install cameras in some of the trains from fy2017-18 under the Nirbhaya fund. Progressively CCTV cameras will be installed in all trains.[54]

Information technology

On 7 August 2019, IRCTC launched a payment wallet named iMudra.[65][66] On 11 August 2021, IRCTC introduced a smart card system through which unreserved train tickets which can be bought either at railway stations or online.[67]

Digital India driven digitalisation of railway to improvement efficiency and reduce cost. ₹3,500,000 million (equivalent to ₹4.9 trillion or US$61 billion in 2023) funding was approved in 2016.[50]

Services

Wi-fi-enabled trains and stations

Progressively CCTV cameras and wifi will be installed on all trains and stations (announcement c. March 2018).[54] In September 2015, the IR and Google announced a joint initiative intent on delivering high-speed wi-fi access across 400 major railway stations. The first 100 stations were connected to the network by the end of 2016, with Mumbai Central station the first to be connected.[68] The Railtel-Google free high-speed public WiFi service is currently available at Mumbai Central, Chennai Central, Chennai Egmore, Madurai Junction, Coimbatore Junction, Chandigarh, Old Delhi, Pune, Bhubaneshwar, Bhopal, Ranchi, Raipur, Vijayawada, Kacheguda, Ernakulum, Thiruvananthapuram, Thrissur, Jabalpur, Vishakhapatnam, Jaipur, Kanpur, Lucknow, Gorakhpur, Patna, Guwahati, Ujjain, Allahabad, Howrah , Varanasi, etc.[69]

Tickets

Select passengers with confirmed tickets will now be allowed to transfer tickets to someone else. Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) is now offering a pay-on-delivery option for train tickets on its website and app, where the customers can book their tickets and pay on delivery.

Escalators

Progressively escalators will be installed on all stations with a footfall of more than 25,000 per day.[54]

Station upgrades

600 stations will be upgraded, including 400 to be redeveloped, progressively to enhance services, safety and security.[54]

List of upcoming Vande Bharat Express services

  1. Jamshedpur - Ranchi - Varanasi[70][71][72]
  2. Hyderabad - Bhubaneswar[73][74][75]
  3. Hyderabad - Pune[76]
  4. Nagpur - Pune[77]
  5. Nagpur - Hyderabad[77][78]
  6. Nagpur - Bhopal[77][79]
  7. Khajuraho - Bhopal[80][81]
  8. Ahmedabad - Bhopal[76]
  9. Ahmedabad - Okha[76]
  10. Ahmedabad - Jaipur[76]
  11. Jaipur - Agra - Kanpur[76]
  12. Jaipur - Chandigarh[82]
  13. Jaipur - Sriganganagar[83]
  14. Jaipur - Jodhpur[83][84]
  15. Jaipur - Jaisalmer[83]
  16. Jaipur - Indore[85]
  17. Indore - Gwalior[86][81]
  18. Indore - Surat (Udhna)[87][88]
  19. Vadodara - Hapa[89]
  20. Mumbai - Kolhapur[90]
  21. Mumbai - Udaipur[91][92]
  22. Mumbai - Belagavi[93]
  23. Bangalore - Coimbatore[76]
  24. Bangalore - Tirupati[94]
  25. Bangalore - Mangalore[95][96]
  26. Kochi - Mangalore[97]
  27. Trivandrum - Bangalore[97]
  28. Kochi - Coimbatore[98]
  29. Mangalore - Mysore[76]
  30. Mangalore - solapur - kalaburagi[99]
  31. Chennai Central - Hyderabad[76]
  32. Chennai Egmore - Kanyakumari[76]
  33. Tirupati - Chennai - Pondicherry[100][101][102]
  34. Tirupati - Visakhapatnam[76]
  35. Visakhapatnam - Shalimar[76]
  36. Visakhapatnam - Bhubaneswar[103]
  37. Visakhapatnam - Raipur[104]
  38. Pune - Londa - Goa[105]
  39. Raipur - Bhubaneswar[106]
  40. Howrah - Bokaro Steel City[76][107]
  41. Howrah - Varanasi[76]
  42. Haridwar - Varanasi[108]
  43. Gorakhpur - Kanpur[109]
  44. Gorakhpur - Prayagraj[110]
  45. Saharanpur - Prayagraj[111]
  46. Chitrakoot - Prayagraj - Lucknow[112]
  47. Delhi - Lucknow[113]
  48. Delhi - Kota[76]
  49. Delhi - Sriganganagar[76]
  50. Delhi - Kathgodam[114][115]
  51. Dehradun - Tanakpur[109]
  52. Dehradun - Kathgodam[116]
  53. Lucknow - Kathgodam[113]
  54. Lucknow - Dehradun[117]
  55. Lucknow - Varanasi[118]
  56. Ranchi - Deoghar[119]
  57. Patna - Deoghar[119]
  58. Jammu - Srinagar[120]

Social responsibility

Rainwater harvesting

Rainwater harvesting with 1885 rainwater harvesting systems already installed at different locations by December 2016.[121]

Reforestation

Reforestation on the railway land and along the tracks is being undertaken.[122]

See also

  • flagIndia portal
  • iconTransport portal
  • Roads portal
  • Railways portal
Similar roads development
Similar ports and river transport development
Similar air transport development
General

References

  1. ^ "Govt to invest 50 lakh crore rupees in railways by 2030". All India Radio. 7 July 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  2. ^ "Indian Railways choose vibrant colors for semi-high speed train coaches". The Financial Express. 10 January 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  3. ^ Roy, Sidhartha (5 April 2016). "Railways gathers pace with Gatimaan". The Hindu. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
  4. ^ "Watch: Vande Bharat Express reachs[sic] over 180 kmph speed in its trail run". Business Today. 27 August 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  5. ^ "What is mission raftaar, boosting the speed of trains on New Delhi-Mumbai and New Delhi-Howrah routes?". News9live. 11 December 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  6. ^ https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/Mobility/Presentation/SER-SECR-WCR.pdf
  7. ^ "Indian Railways to introduce Vande Bharat Express trains on THESE routes". mint. 16 December 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  8. ^ "Have urged rly min for trains to Varanasi, Puri as well: Seth". The Times of India. 25 September 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  9. ^ "Indian Railways To Launch 60 New Vande Bharat Express Trains In Year 2024: Sources". www.india.com. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  10. ^ "Railways step up to use high strength rails to increase speed of trains". The Times of India. 18 August 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  11. ^ a b Arora, Rajat (23 December 2017). "Railways may invest Rs 20-lakh crore in high-speed corridors". The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  12. ^ Sharma, Kushal Dev (21 November 2023). "A corridor to power: The project that will speed up India and boost its economy". The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  13. ^ https://dfccil.com/images/uploads/img/DFC-Press-Release_DFC-achieves-avg-speed-of-99.38-kmph-on-EDFC_30.05.2021_SV17.pdf
  14. ^ "Freight train on DFC clocks record speed of 99.38 KMPH, runs faster than Rajdhani trains". 29 May 2021.
  15. ^ Nandi, Tamal (28 December 2019). "Indian Railways conduct speed tests for trains on dedicated freight corridor". mint. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  16. ^ Mishra, Twesh (20 April 2022). "Passenger trains can run on DFC network during exigencies". The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  17. ^ 🚄 Vande Bharat on Dfc Track🥰🤘, retrieved 5 March 2024
  18. ^ Chaudhury, Dipanjan Roy (13 December 2015). "India and Japan ink pacts on bullet train, defense, nuclear energy". Economic Times. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  19. ^ "Mumbai-Ahmedabad bullet train may run on elevated corridor". The Indian Express. 8 January 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  20. ^ "Bullet trains will go to private operator after first 5 years". The Indian Express. 6 January 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  21. ^ "Japan offers to fund 81% of India's first bullet train worth $15 billion". Economic Times. 11 December 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  22. ^ "Delhi-Varanasi bullet train project hits roadblock, Railway Board rejects feasibility report". The Times of India. 22 August 2022. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  23. ^ "Locomotive Factories in Bihar: In cold storage for years, two Railway projects to start soon". Indian Express. 30 October 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  24. ^ "GE Gets $2.6 Billion IR Contract". Wall Street Journal. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  25. ^ "Rail ministry awards Rs 14,656-cr Marhowra locomotive project to GE". Business Standard. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  26. ^ "GE, Alstom land $5.6-billion deals to supply locomotives for railways". Economic Times. 10 November 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  27. ^ Arora, Rajat (16 March 2018). "Made-in-India 160 km per hour train to run from June". The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  28. ^ "Indian Railways gets first model rake of luxury 'Make in India' coaches". The Economic Times. Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. 11 January 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
  29. ^ "Indian Railways unveils 'Make in India' train coaches with new look". The Financial Express. The Indian Express Group. 13 January 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
  30. ^ a b "Swachh Rail-Swachh Bharat: IR aims to equip coaches with bio-toilets by 2021". Indian Express. 29 March 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  31. ^ a b c "Electrification of Delhi-Jaipur rail route to be completed by December 2018: Railway Board Chairman". The Economic Times. 23 December 2017. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  32. ^ Railways target 80,000 bio-toilets in 2018, vacuum bio-toilets next in line, Economic Times, 20 Dec 2017.
  33. ^ Over 1 lakh biotoilets installed, Economic Times, 17 Mar 2018.
  34. ^ Pune-Mumbai in 14 minutes: Firm’s project report says Hyperloop transport system feasible, Hindustan Times, 9 Jan 2018.
  35. ^ a b c Indian Railways unit invites proposals to modernize 3 stations, Livemint, 17 Mar 2018.
  36. ^ Railways appoints IRSDC as nodal agency for station redevelopment, Livemint, 5 Dec 2017.
  37. ^ a b India to lay 14 strategic railway lines near China, Pakistan border, Pakistan Today, APRIL 4, 2014.
  38. ^ a b c Real reason why India is building 14 strategic rail lines, International Business Times, , Dec 1, 2016.
  39. ^ a b Government gives go-ahead to 4 strategic rail lines along China border, Indian Express, October 22, 2014.
  40. ^ a b c d e f g India to construct strategic railway lines along border with China, Hindustan Times, 30 Nov 2016.
  41. ^ a b c d e f 2019 target to survey 3 strategic rail lines along China border, Arunachal Observer, January 5, 2019.
  42. ^ Defence ministry has identified 4 strategic lines, Times of India, 4 April 2018.
  43. ^ a b c Good news for Chardham rail line, approved budget for this big work, Live Hindustan, 18 January 2018.
  44. ^ Achilles Heel in India's Border Defence with China!, Indian Defence Review, 20 June 2017.
  45. ^ After 24 years of work, strategic military outpost near India-China border connected with motorable road, Times of India, 11 Nov 2016.
  46. ^ North East to get better Indian Railways connectivity! 5 major rail projects lined up, Financial Express, July 17, 2020.
  47. ^ Indian narrow gauge shrinks further under Project Unigauge, The Railway Magazine, March 2017.
  48. ^ Uni-gauge Policy of Indian Railways, 29 Jul 2016.
  49. ^ Speeding up gauge conversion, The Hindu, 2012.
  50. ^ a b c d "Indian Railways orders conversion to Broad Gauge". Rail Eng Digest. 12 July 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  51. ^ a b Railways set to electrify 38,000 km route in next five years, Economic Times, 15 Dec 2017.
  52. ^ "Mission Electrification to save railways power bill by Rs. 10k crore". The New Indian Express. 4 November 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
  53. ^ "Railway electrification". core.indianrailways.gov.in/. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  54. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Budget 2018: Arun Jaitley announces Rs1.48 trillion for Indian Railways". mint. 1 February 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  55. ^ "India's first solar-powered DEMU train launched". The Hindu. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  56. ^ Railways, IIT-Madras tie up to power AC coaches with solar energy | News | Eco-Business - Asia's Cleantech & Sustainable Business Community. Eco-Business (5 August 2013). Retrieved on 17 August 2013.
  57. ^ India’s new solar-powered train is the first in the world, June 2017
  58. ^ Ghoshal, Devjyot. "India is rolling out trains with solar-powered coaches that'll save thousands of litres of diesel". Quartz. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  59. ^ "NORTHERN RAILWAYS TO INSTALL 5 MW ROOFTOP SOLAR IN FOUR OF ITS STATIONS". Archived from the original on 3 March 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  60. ^ "Indian Railways plans to make all stations 100% LED lit by March 31, 2018". The Times of India. 19 December 2017. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  61. ^ "Union Budget 2017: Railways get Rs 55000-crore boost, will have better safety, no fare hikes". The Indian Express. 1 February 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  62. ^ Indian Railways commissions around 4800 kilometer of broad gauge track in last two financial years which is a record performance, 12 May 2016.
  63. ^ "Indian Railways to use GPS-enabled devices to fight fog this season", The Economic Times, 12 December 2017.
  64. ^ "Indian Railways develops Automatic Fire and Smoke Detection System". Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  65. ^ "IRCTC iMudra payment wallet: Here's everything you need to know". www.timesnownews.com. 6 August 2019. Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
  66. ^ "IRCTC launches iMudra wallet to provide you hassle-free payment experience". Zee Business. 7 August 2019. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
  67. ^ "IRCTC Latest News: Now You Can Easily Recharge Smart Cards To Get Unreserved Train Tickets". India News. 11 August 2021. Archived from the original on 20 August 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
  68. ^ "Going online: Google brings Wi-Fi to Indian railway stations". Railway Technology. 19 January 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
  69. ^ "Google launches free public WiFi service at five railway stations". The Hindu. 9 May 2016.
  70. ^ https://timesproperty.com/news/post/vande-bharat-express-to-connect-tatanagar-varanasi-soon-blid5428
  71. ^ https://avenuemail.in/jamshedpur-soon-vande-bharat-to-operate-between-tatanagar-varanasi/
  72. ^ https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/jharkhand/jamshedpur/vande-bharat-express-tata-ranchi-varanasi-train-preparations-started-by-railways-south-eastern-railway/articleshow/102826171.cms
  73. ^ https://sambadenglish.com/odisha-demands-vande-bharat-express-for-bhubaneswar-hyderabad-puri-raipur-puri-howrah-routes/
  74. ^ [1]
  75. ^ https://odishatv.in/videos/odisha/odisha-seeks-vande-bharat-express-in-2-more-routes-puri-rourkela-bhubaneswar-hyderabad-trains-202887
  76. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Check list of 31 proposed routes of Vande Bharat Express train". News9live. 11 April 2023.
  77. ^ a b c "Vande Bharat train likely to start from Nagpur to Pune, Hyderabad and Bhopal - The Live Nagpur". The Live Nagpur. 4 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  78. ^ "New Vande Bharat Exp from Ngp to Secunderabad". The Live Nagpur. 17 April 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  79. ^ https://www.news9live.com/utility/indian-railways-likely-to-operate-vande-bharat-express-from-nagpur-to-pune-hyderabad-and-bhopal-soon-2241432
  80. ^ https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/5-new-vande-bharat-trains-their-routes-and-ticket-prices/khajuraho-bhopal-indore-vande-bharat-express/slideshow/101297455.cms?from=mdr
  81. ^ a b https://www.naidunia.com/madhya-pradesh/bhopal-vande-bharat-express-both-running-from-bhopal-will-be-extended-can-go-to-gwaliorkhajuraho-indore-and-nagpur-8192563
  82. ^ "Raj to get 4th Vande Bharat train, to run between Jaipur-Chandigarh". ET Infra.
  83. ^ a b c Jethani, Rimjhim (19 February 2019). "Vande Bharat Express to connect Jaipur with Udaipur, Sriganganagar, Jodhpur, and Jaisalmer".
  84. ^ "Jaipur To Jodhpur By Vande Bharat Express Will Take Less Than 2 Hours". News18. 6 October 2022.
  85. ^ "Jaipur is all set to launch the 'Vande Bharat', a semi-highspeed Jaipur-Indore train". 28 December 2022.
  86. ^ https://gangatimes.com/indore-gwalior-vande-bharat-route-timing-stop-fare/
  87. ^ https://english.loktej.com/article/5081/surat-western-railway-announces-new-vande-bharat-express-service
  88. ^ https://deshgujarat.com/2023/08/25/gujarat-likely-to-get-third-vande-bharat-train-on-udhna-surat-indore-route/
  89. ^ "Plan afoot for Vande Bharat Express to connet Hapa and Vadodara". DeshGujarat. 22 August 2023.
  90. ^ "Demand grows for Vande Bharat from Kolhapur to Mumbai". The Times of India. 26 May 2023.
  91. ^ "Preparation to run Vande Bharat train between Udaipur-Jaipur and Bandra | उदयपुर-जयपुर और ब्रांद्रा के बीच वंदे भारत ट्रेन चलाने की तैयारी". Dainik Bhaskar (in Hindi).
  92. ^ "Udaipur to soon receive Vande Bharat Express in the year 2023". Udaipur Times. 22 May 2023.
  93. ^ "Vande Bharat express to Belagavi - Here's what railway minister said". 11 August 2023.
  94. ^ "'Vande Bharat' train sought between Tirupati, Bengaluru". The Hindu. 28 August 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  95. ^ https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/mangaluru-mysuru-bengaluru-vande-bharat-express-to-be-introduced-after-completing-line-electrification-works-says-kateel/article66920191.ece
  96. ^ https://www.mangaluru.in/vande-bharat-express-train-18-mangalore-bangalore/
  97. ^ a b "Mangaluru and Bengaluru may be destinations for Kerala's next Vande Bharat trains – Mangalore Meri Jaan". 16 April 2023.
  98. ^ https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/vande-bharat-trains-from-coimbatore-by-2023/article65514956.ece
  99. ^ "CM pitches for Vande Bharat train service from Goa-Mangaluru". 9 February 2023.
  100. ^ https://www.livechennai.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=68223
  101. ^ "Chennai -Tirupati Vande Bharat Express to be launched before July end; check details here". 3 July 2023.
  102. ^ "6 weekend getaways from Bangalore, including 1 reached by Vande Bharat Express to Chennai". 23 April 2023.
  103. ^ "Vande Bharat express train will be started from Visakhapatnam soon, says DRM". The Hindu. 23 September 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  104. ^ https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/vande-bharat-express-train-will-be-started-from-visakhapatnam-soon-says-drm/article65928531.ece
  105. ^ https://allaboutbelgaum.com/news/mp-angadi-asks-question-about-vande-bharat-train-to-belagavi-and-pune-intercity/
  106. ^ "Odisha demands introduction of Vande Bharat trains on three routes - ET Infra". Economic Times. IANS. 30 April 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  107. ^ "Howrah Bokaro Vande Bharat Route, Timetable and Ticket Price". Ganga Times. 15 July 2023.
  108. ^ "Uttarakhand CM urges Centre to run additional train services". The Statesman.
  109. ^ a b "Vande Bharat: Big update for passengers! ! 5 New Vande Bharat Train will run on these routes, know the route immediately". 27 May 2023.
  110. ^ "U.P.: Vande Bharat train likely between Prayagraj and Gorakhpur". Hindustan Times. 24 September 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  111. ^ "Vande Bharat train to be introduced from Saharanpur to Prayagraj, says Vaishnaw". The Hindu. 25 June 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  112. ^ Tiwari, Madan (27 April 2023). "Vande Bharat: रामभक्तों के लिए खुशखबरी, इस रूट पर चलेगी वंदे भारत; लाखों लोगों को होगा फायदा". Hindustan (in Hindi). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  113. ^ a b "Vande Bharat Express दिल्ली-लखनऊ वंदे भारत एक्सप्रेस चलाने की तैयारी टाइम टेबल बनाने में जुटा रेलवे - Preparing to run Delhi Lucknow Vande Bharat Express railway busy in making time table".
  114. ^ "काठगोदाम-नई दिल्ली के बीच वंदे भारत चलाने की तैयारी". jantaserishta.com (in Hindi). 27 May 2023.
  115. ^ "Delhi Kathgodam Vande Bharat Route, Timing and Ticket Price". Ganga Times. 31 May 2023.
  116. ^ "Railways preparing to run Vande Bharat metro between Dehradun & Kathgodam". 19 May 2023.
  117. ^ "Vande Bharat Express to run soon between Lucknow-Dehradun". 2 September 2023.
  118. ^ "Vande Bharat: अयोध्या समेत यूपी के इन 3 तीर्थ स्थानों को कवर करेगी वंदे भारत ट्रेन, जानें रेलवे का प्लान". Aaj Tak (in Hindi). 9 August 2023.
  119. ^ a b "Deoghar Vande Bharat Express Will Provide Seamless Travel Experience". 28 July 2023.
  120. ^ "Vande Bharat Express may soon run between Jammu and Srinagar | See details". Times Now. 14 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  121. ^ Rain Water Harvesting System In Indian Railway, 7 Dec 2016.
  122. ^ India Plants 50 Million Trees in One Day, Smashing World Record, National Geographic, July 2016.
  • v
  • t
  • e
Authority
Related
organisations
ZonesRolling stockManufacturing
unitsRailway
depots
Diesel Loco
Electric Loco
Steam Loco
Multiple Unit
DEMU/DMU
  • Bangalore
  • Budgam
  • Gondia
  • Jalandhar
  • Jamalpur
  • Motibagh
  • Maula Ali
  • Shakurbasti
  • Vijayawada
EMU
  • Avadi
  • Bandel
  • Barasat
  • Ghaziabad
  • Howrah
  • Kalwa
  • Kandivali
  • Kharagpur
  • Kurla
  • Maula Ali
  • Mumbai Central
  • Narkeldanga
  • Panskura
  • Ranaghat
  • Saharanpur
  • Sanpada
  • Sonarpur
  • Tambaram
  • Tikiapara
  • Velachery
  • Virar
MEMU
  • Asansol
  • Bhilai
  • Kanpur
  • Kollam
  • Palakkad
  • Rajahmundry
  • Vadodara
Kolkata Metro
Lines
Main
Suburban
Mountain
Passenger
trains
High-Speed
Semi-High speed
Premium
Express
Luxury
Special
Others
Stations
Major
Chennai
Delhi
Kolkata
Mumbai
Others
Others
Training
institutesTrade unionsRelated articles
  • Category