GLASS-z12

Lyman-break galaxy that is one of the oldest galaxies known
  • ≈33.2 billion ly (10.2 billion pc)
       (present proper distance)
  • ≈13.6 billion ly (4.2 billion pc)
       (light-travel distance)[5]
Apparent magnitude (V)27.0 AB (F200W)[1]CharacteristicsMass≈1.0×109 M☉Size~3000 ly (1 kpc)Half-light radius (physical)500 pcOther designationsGHZ2[6][7] · GLASS-17487[3]
References: [1]

GLASS-z12 (formerly known as GLASS-z13) is a Lyman-break galaxy discovered by the Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS) observing program using the James Webb Space Telescope's NIRCam in July 2022.[8][9] Spectroscopic observations of GLASS-z12 by the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in August 2022 confirmed that the galaxy has a spectroscopic redshift of 12.117±0.012, making it one of the earliest and most distant galaxies ever discovered, dating back to just 350 million years after the Big Bang, 13.6 billion years ago.[10][5] ALMA observations detected an emission line associated with doubly ionized oxygen (O III) at 258.7 GHz with a significance of 5σ, suggesting that there is very low dust content in GLASS-z12, if not the early universe as well.[2] Also based on oxygen-related measurements, the age of the galaxy is confirmed.[11][12]

GLASS-z12 derives its name from the GLASS survey that discovered it and its estimated photometric redshift of approximately z = 12.4+0.1
−0.3.[1] GLASS-z12 was initially announced as GLASS-z13 because it was thought to have a higher redshift of z = 13.1.[7][2] This redshift value was later revised down to z = 12.4 in October 2022, resulting in the renaming of this galaxy.[1]

GLASS-z12 has a light-travel distance (lookback time) of 13.6 billion years.[5] However, due to the expansion of the universe, its present proper distance is 33.2 billion light-years.[5] It was discovered alongside another galaxy, GLASS-z10, comparable to GN-z11, also one of the oldest galaxies discovered.[10]

Color composite of JWST-NIRCam images showing GLASS-z12 as a red dot among other galaxies

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Naidu, Rohan P.; et al. (November 2022). "Two Remarkably Luminous Galaxy Candidates at z ≈ 10 − 12 Revealed by JWST". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 940 (1): 11. arXiv:2207.09434. Bibcode:2022ApJ...940L..14N. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac9b22. S2CID 250644267. L14.
  2. ^ a b c Bakx, Tom J. L. C.; et al. (2023). "Deep ALMA redshift search of a z ~ 12 GLASS-JWST galaxy candidate". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 519 (4): 5076–5085. arXiv:2208.13642. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3723.
  3. ^ a b Donnan, C. T.; et al. (November 2022). "The evolution of the galaxy UV luminosity function at redshifts z ≃ 8 - 15 from deep JWST and ground-based near-infrared imaging". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 518 (4): 6011–6040. arXiv:2207.12356. Bibcode:2023MNRAS.518.6011D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3472.
  4. ^ Harikane, Yuichi; et al. (2023). "A Comprehensive Study of Galaxies at z ~ 9–16 Found in the Early JWST Data: Ultraviolet Luminosity Functions and Cosmic Star Formation History at the Pre-reionization Epoch". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 265 (1): 5. arXiv:2208.01612. Bibcode:2023ApJS..265....5H. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/acaaa9. S2CID 251253150.
  5. ^ a b c d Wright, Edward L. (2022). "Ned Wright's Javascript Cosmology Calculator". University of California, Los Angeles. Retrieved 24 November 2022. (H0=67.4 and OmegaM=0.315 (see Table/Planck2018 at "Lambda-CDM model#Parameters" )
  6. ^ Castellano, Marco; et al. (July 2022). "Early Results from GLASS-JWST. III. Galaxy Candidates at z ~9–15". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 938 (2): L15. arXiv:2207.09436. Bibcode:2022ApJ...938L..15C. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac94d0. S2CID 250644263.
  7. ^ a b Koren, Marina (22 July 2022). "The Webb Space Telescope Is a Time Machine Observed". The Atlantic. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  8. ^ O'Callaghan, Jonathan (20 July 2022). "JWST has found the oldest galaxy we have ever seen in the universe - Discoveries from the James Webb Space Telescope are pouring in, with an analysis of the latest data revealing a galaxy that dates back to just 300 million years after the big bang – the oldest we have ever seen". New Scientist. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  9. ^ O'Callaghan, Jonathan (14 September 2022). "JWST's First Glimpses of Early Galaxies Could Break Cosmology - The James Webb Space Telescope's first images of the distant universe shocked astronomers. Is the discovery of unimaginably distant galaxies a mirage, or a revolution?". Scientific American. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  10. ^ a b Adkins, Jamie (17 November 2022). "NASA's Webb Draws Back Curtain on Universe's Early Galaxies". NASA. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  11. ^ Staff (25 January 2023). "Astronomers confirm age of most distant galaxy using oxygen". Phys.org. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  12. ^ Bakx, Tom J.L.C.; et al. (23 December 2022). "Deep ALMA redshift search of a z ~ 12 GLASS-JWST galaxy candidate". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 519 (4): 5076–5085. arXiv:2208.13642. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3723. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
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