Gesinnungsgemeinschaft der Neuen Front
Gesinnungsgemeinschaft der Neuen Front (GdNF) is a German organisation that was the main group for neo-Nazi activity during the 1990s. It translates into English as the Community of Like-Minded People of the New Front[1] or the Covenant of the New Front.[2]
The GdNF was formed in 1985 by Michael Kühnen, Thomas Brehl and Christian Worch after the banning of the Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists.[3] Initially a loose group associated with the magazine Die Neue Front, the GdNF was soon formalised into an organisation, taking in most of the membership of the ANS/NA.[citation needed] The group placed itself within the more radical Sturmabteilung tradition of Nazism rather than simple devotion to Adolf Hitler.[citation needed] It also placed importance on opposing the influence of the United States, the destruction of the environment and the weakening of German racial purity.[3] The group was also active in Austria, which it referred to as "Ostmark", and called for the formation of an Austrian SA in a December 1990 edition of its paper Neuen Front.[4]
When Kühnen came out as a homosexual in 1986 the GdNF remained loyal to him in the resulting split, although the group lost control of the Free German Workers' Party.[5] However the group continued to improve its organisational basis despite this set-back, staging marches, paramilitary training and setting up cells in the German Democratic Republic.[5] It also sought to build up a portfolio of international contacts with which it co-operated on military drilling, propaganda dissemination and arms dispersal.[4]
After the death of Kühnen in 1991, the leadership of the GdNF, which had about 400 fully active members, passed to Worch, Winfried Arnulf Priem and Austrian neo-Nazi leader Gottfried Küssel.[6] In Austria the GdNF worked in tandem with Küssel's Volkstreue Außerparlamentarische Opposition (VAPO), a like-minded group.[4] However without Kühnen the group went into terminal decline and became lost in a sea of similar groups that were formed in the 1990s due to ever closer government scrutiny of neo-Nazi activities. The group continued to publish Neuen Front although increasingly this became an international magazine of neo-Nazism with close links to the NSDAP/AO with the GdNF doing little beyond publishing this work.[2] With Worch jailed in 1996 and other important figures such as Thomas Brehl starting up their own groups the GdNF gradually passed out of existence.[citation needed]
References
- ^ Peter James, Modern Germany: Politics, Society and Culture, Routledge, 1998, p. 134
- ^ a b Hermann Kurthen, Werner Bergmann, Rainer Erb, Antisemitism and Xenophobia in Germany after Unification, Oxford University Press, 1997, p. 166
- ^ a b Irving v. Lipstadt Defence Documents
- ^ a b c Bernd Baumgartl, Adrian Favell, New Xenophobia in Europe, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995, p. 23
- ^ a b Cyprian Blamires, World fascism: a historical encyclopedia, Volume 1, p. 369
- ^ Martin A. Lee, The Beast Reawakens, 1997, p. 253
- v
- t
- e
- Curtis Allgier
- Bela Ewald Althans
- Gaston-Armand Amaudruz
- Andrew Anglin
- Andrew Auernheimer/Weev
- Alexander Barkashov
- Louis Beam
- William John Beattie
- René Binet
- Don Black
- Kerry Bolton
- Salvador Borrego
- Anders Behring Breivik
- James von Brunn
- George Burdi
- Richard Butler
- Christopher Cantwell
- Willis Carto
- Patrick Casey
- Kyle Chapman
- Craig Cobb
- Mark Collett
- Frank Collin
- Blair Cottrell
- Harold Covington
- Daniel Cowart
- Nicky Crane
- Peter Cvjetanovic
- Nathan Damigo
- Léon Degrelle
- Savitri Devi
- Françoise Dior
- Ian Stuart Donaldson
- David Duke
- John Timothy Earnest
- James Ellison
- Michael Peinovich
- Neil Erikson
- Bert Eriksson
- Leo Felton
- James Alex Fields
- Haakon Forwald
- Jef François
- Roy Frankhouser
- Joseph Paul Franklin
- Christopher Paul Hasson
- Franco Freda
- Mark Fredriksen
- Paul Fromm
- Anthime "Tim" Gionet/Baked Alaska
- Erich Gliebe
- Joop Glimmerveen
- Joshua Ryne Goldberg
- István Győrkös
- Matthew F. Hale
- Jan Hartman
- Matthew Heimbach
- Michael Hill
- Heath Hitler
- David Irving
- Arthur J. Jones
- Colin Jordan
- Wyatt Kaldenberg
- Virginia Kapić
- Konstantin Kasimovsky
- Jason Kessler
- Colin King-Ansell
- Matthias Koehl
- August Kreis III
- Michael Kühnen
- Gottfried Küssel
- Constant Kusters
- Robert E. Kuttner
- David Lane
- Gary Lauck
- Alex Linder
- Princess Marie Adelheid of Lippe
- Lana Lokteff
- Norman Lowell
- Klas Lund
- James H. Madole
- Jacques de Mahieu
- Horst Mahler
- Charles Manson
- Clark Martell
- James Mason
- Robert Jay Mathews
- Michael McLaughlin
- Tom Metzger
- Frazier Glenn Miller Jr.
- Davud Monshizadeh
- Tim Mudde
- Eustace Mullins
- Mindaugas Murza
- David Myatt
- Revilo P. Oliver
- Wade Michael Page
- John Patler
- William Luther Pierce
- Vasillios Pistolis
- J. T. Ready
- Otto Ernst Remer
- Jack Renshaw
- Bill Riccio
- Brandon Russell
- Povl Riis-Knudsen
- Jacob D. Robida
- George Lincoln Rockwell
- Manfred Roeder
- Dylann Roof
- Horst Rosenkranz
- Fritz Rössler
- Florentine Rost van Tonningen
- Hans-Ulrich Rudel
- Jim Saleam
- Kurt Saxon
- Gary Schipper
- Paul Schlesselman
- Hans Schmidt
- Jeff Schoep
- Miguel Serrano
- Thomas Sewell
- Simon Sheppard
- Otto Skorzeny
- Michiel Smit
- Benjamin Nathaniel Smith
- Otto Strasser
- Richard B. Spencer
- Kevin Alfred Strom
- Rocky Suhayda
- Brenton Harrison Tarrant
- Tila Tequila
- Eugène Terre'Blanche
- H. Keith Thompson
- Paul van Tienen
- Joseph Tommasi
- Terry Tremaine
- John Tyndall
- Jack van Tongeren
- Russell Veh
- Siegfried Verbeke
- Varg Vikernes
- Martin Webster
- Kanye West
- Bill White
- Jan Wolthuis
- Samuel Woodward
- Christian Worch
- Francis Parker Yockey
- Ernst Zündel